Dynamic development characteristics of amounts of gas and levels of pressure in the Pan-1 coal mine of Huainan

The Pan-1 coal mine located in Huainan municipality, Anhui province, is abundant in coal resources. In order to discover the natural conditions of gas in its coal seams, we inverted the burial history of these coal seams using the software of Easy%Ro method and simulated the development process of gas volumes and pressure of the major coal seams using CBM History Simulation Software. Our analysis shows that the devolution of gas volumes and levels of pressure can be divided into four stages: i.e., a biogas stage (P1-P3), a pyrolysis gas stage (T1-T2), an active gas enrichment stage (T3-K1) and a gas dissipating stage (K2-present). Currently, the average amounts of gas and gas pressure in coal seams Nos. 13-1, 11-2 and 8 of the Pan-1 coal mine are 8.18 m3/t and 2.20 MPa; 3.89 m3/t and 2.47 MPa and 6.35 m3/t and 2.89 MPa, respectively. This agrees very well with current mining data.

Simulation research on the influence of eroded primary key strata on dynamic strata pressure of shallow coal seams in gully terrain

In Huojitu Coal Mine of Shendong mining area, the dynamic strata pressure (DSP) accidents occurred when the working faces passed the gully terrain. Focusing on this problem, we used physical simulation experimental method to thoroughly study the influence of eroded overlying primary key strata (PKS) in the gully terrain on DSP of shallow coal seams in this paper. The result show that when mining activities took place in the uphill section of shallow coal seams in gully terrain and the PKS were eroded, the blocks could not form stable bond-beam structures since the horizontal force of PKS blocks in adjacent sloping surfaces were relatively small. The sliding instability of blocks caused rapid increase of the load on the sub-key strata (SKS) blocks, which resulted into coal slide and roof fall as well as sharp drop of active columns. This led to DSP phenomenon. When the PKS blocks were intact, there was no DSP phenomenon to enable blocks provide certain horizontal force to maintain stable bond-beam structure. The simulation results were verified by the mining practices of working face 21306 crossing the gully terrain in the Huojitu Coal Mine.

Response characteristics of gas pressure under simultaneous static and dynamic load:Implication for coal and gas outburst mechanism

Coal and gas outbursts are dynamic disasters in which a large mass of gas and coal suddenly emerges in a mining space within a split second.The interaction between the gas pressure and stress environment is one of the key factors that induce coal and gas outbursts.In this study,first,the coupling relationship between the gas pressure in the coal body ahead of the working face and the dynamic load was investigated using experimental observations,numerical simulations,and mine-site investigations.It was observed that the impact rate of the dynamic load on the gas-bearing coal can significantly change the gas pressure.The faster the impact rate,the speedier the increase in gas pressure.Moreover,the gas pressure rise was faster closer to the impact interface.Subsequently,based on engineering background,we proposed three models of stress and gas pressure distribution in the coal body ahead of the working face:static load,stress disturbance,and dynamic load conditions.Finally,the gas pressure distribution and outburst mechanism were investigated.The high concentration of gas pressure appearing at the coal body ahead of the working face was caused by the dynamic load.The gas pressure first increased gradually to a peak value and then decreased with increasing distance from the working face.The increase in gas pressure plays a major role in outburst initiation by resulting in the ability to more easily reach the critical points needed for outburst initiation.Moreover,the stronger the dynamic load,the greater the outburst initiation risk.The results of this study provide practical guidance for the early warning and prevention of coal and gas outbursts.

Water‑immersion softening mechanism of coal rock mass based on split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

The coal mining process is afected by various water sources such as groundwater and coal seam water injection.Understanding the dynamic mechanical parameters of water-immersed coal is helpful for coalmine safe production.The impact compression tests were performed on coal with diferent moisture contents by using theϕ50 mm Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)experimental system,and the dynamic characteristics and energy loss laws of water-immersed coal with diferent compositions and water contents were analyzed.Through analysis and discussion,it is found that:(1)When the moisture content of the coal sample is 0%,30%,60%,the stress,strain rate and energy frst increase and then decrease with time.(2)When the moisture content of the coal sample increases from 30%to 60%,the stress“plateau”of the coal sample becomes more obvious,resulting in an increase in the compressive stress stage and a decrease in the expansion stress stage.(3)The increase of moisture content of the coal sample will afect its impact deformation and failure mode.When the moisture content is 60%,the incident rod end and the transmission rod end of the coal sample will have obvious compression failure,and the middle part of the coal sample will also experience expansion and deformation.(4)The coal composition ratio suitable for the coal immersion softening impact experiment is optimized.

Correction of dynamic Brazilian disc tensile strength of rocks under preloading conditions considering the overload phenomenon and invoking the Griffith criterion

Dynamic tensile failure is a common phenomenon in deep rock practices,and thus accurately evaluating the dynamic tensile responses of rocks under triaxial pressures is of great significance.The Brazilian disc(BD)test is the suggested method by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)for measuring both the static and dynamic tensile strengths of rock-like materials.However,due to the overload phenomenon and the complex preloading conditions,the dynamic tensile strengths of rocks measured by the BD tests tend to be overestimated.To address this issue,the dynamic BD tensile strength(BTS)of Fangshan marble(FM)under different preloading conditions were measured through a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The fracture onset in BD specimen was captured through a strain gage around the disc center.The discrepancy between the traditional tensile strength(TTS,determined by the peak load P_(f) of the BD specimen)and the nominal tensile strength(NTS,obtained from the load P_(i) when the diametral fracture commences in the tested BD specimen)was applied to quantitatively evaluating the overload phenomenon.The Griffith criterion was used to rectify the calculation of the tensile stress at the disc center under triaxial stress states.The results demonstrate that the overload ratio(s)increases with the loading rate(σ)and decreases with the hydrostatic pressure(σ_(s)).The TTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is independent of theσ_(s)due to the overload phenomenon,while the NTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is sensitive to both the andσ.Therefore,it is essential to modify the tensile stress in dynamic confined BD tests using both the overload correction and the Griffith criterion rectification to obtain the accurate dynamic BTS of rocks.

Effects of thermal treatment on physical and mechanical characteristics of coal rock

To study the physical and mechanical properties of coal rock after treatment at different temperatures under impact loading, dynamic compression experiments were conducted by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The stress–strain curves of specimens under impact loading were obtained, and then four indexes affected by temperature were analyzed in the experiment: the longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain. Among these indexes, the elastic modulus was utilized to express the specimens' damage characteristics. The results show that the stress–strain curves under impact loading lack the stage of micro-fissure closure and the slope of the elastic deformation stage is higher than that under static loading. Due to the dynamic loading effect, the peak stress increases while peak strain decreases. The dynamic mechanical properties of coal rock show obvious temperature effects. The longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus and peak stress all decrease to different extents with increasing temperature, while the peak strain increases continuously. During the whole heating process, the thermal damage value continues to increase linearly, which indicates that the internal structure of coal rock is gradually damaged by high temperature.

冲击载荷下煤样动力学响应特性与损伤本构模型

为研究深部煤体动载响应规律,采用分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统对信湖矿煤样开展了不同应变率的单轴冲击压缩试验。研究结果表明:冲击载荷下煤样动态抗压强度强度具有明显的应变率效应,且随着应变率增大,应变硬化现象愈发明显;煤样反射能、透射能、吸收能、耗能密度与应变率呈一次函数关系,耗能占比与应变率呈指数型函数关系,且均保持正相关。基于经典朱-王-唐模型、Weibull分布、Drucker-Prager准则,建立了考虑煤样损伤与黏滞性特征的动态统计损伤本构模型,并对本构模型的准确性与普适性进行了验证。该模型能够较好地描述煤样冲击动态力学行为,为动载影响下深地煤炭安全开采提供了基础研究。

综采面沿空巷道超前动压区煤柱失稳效应与锚注加固技术

为探究综采面沿空巷道超前动压区煤柱对巷道围岩整体稳定的影响规律,综合采用数值模拟、工程应用等方法,建立沿空巷道超前巷道数值分析模型,研究综采面回采期间不同煤柱宽度下沿空巷道围岩力学和变形响应特征。研究结果表明:护巷煤柱宽度小于5 m时,工作面帮为采动应力主要承载结构,其内部应力及变形均大于煤柱帮,此时工作面帮应作为超前动压区重点加固对象,随着护巷煤柱宽度增加,煤柱承载应力逐渐增加、变形增大,护巷煤柱宽度增加至5 m以上时,煤柱承载应力显著增加,采动应力由沿空巷道两帮围岩共同承载,超前动压区应同时加强两帮支护,基于此开发超前动压区沿空巷道锚注加固技术,并进行工程应用。研究结果可为平顶山矿区类似条件沿空巷道超前控制提供一定参考。

特厚煤层大巷变形破坏特征及控制技术研究

针对特厚煤层大巷变形破坏特征分析及控制技术难题,以砚北煤矿二水平回风大巷为研究背景,在分析巷道围岩地质力学测试及围岩变形破坏特征与机理的基础上,提出了全断面注浆加固与高预应力支护综合围岩控制技术,制定了煤层大巷修复加固具体实施方案,并确定了相应的技术参数,开展了井下工业试验,试验结果表明:修复加固后35 d左右巷道变形趋于稳定,两帮最大位移量63.5 mm,顶底板最大移近量79.8 mm;注浆后水泥浆液与巷帮煤体裂隙及破碎区充分胶结,围岩裂隙明显减少,钻孔成型效果显著提高。研究表明采用高预应力锚杆支护及全断面注浆加固后,在巷道围岩内形成锚注加固体,提高了巷道围岩稳定性与抗变形能力以及浅部锚杆(索)锚固基础力学性能,巷道围岩变形得到有效控制。

浅埋近距离煤层过平行煤柱开采强矿压机理研究

为了揭示浅埋近距离煤层工作面过平行煤柱开采动载传递特征及强矿压机理,以榆家梁煤矿43207工作面为工程背景,采用现场实测、物理模拟、理论分析相结合的方法,研究了煤柱覆岩“倒梯形”结构随下部间隔岩层的运动及其载荷传递特征,分析了超前支承压力和支架载荷的转化规律,建立了“煤柱-间隔岩层台阶岩梁”耦合结构力学模型,得出了强矿压瞬间和顶板切落稳定后的支架载荷计算公式。研究结果表明:煤柱覆岩“倒梯形”结构的集中应力和载荷主要集中于煤柱后段,后段集中载荷是导致工作面过煤柱强矿压的根源;工作面进煤柱初期,煤柱应力表现为双峰;临近出煤柱时,应力集中为单峰,位于煤柱后段。工作面出煤柱4 m后,煤柱后区的超前支承应力系数达到峰值6.00,间隔层开始产生超前裂隙;出煤柱5 m时发生强矿压,煤柱应力下降43%。强矿压期间,煤柱应力传递至煤柱下7 m层位(间隔岩层关键层中部)下降了39%,表明顶板结构承担了相当大的载荷。基于间隔岩层台阶岩梁结构的理论计算,得出强矿压瞬间的支架载荷计算公式,按照煤柱平均应力计算得出支架载荷为22.9 MN/架,按照强矿压时刻煤柱后段应力计算得出支架载荷为24.1 MN/架;煤柱传递至支架的载荷仅为煤柱总载荷的12%~18%,仍超过现场支架额定工作阻力9.2 MN/架。因此,为防止压架,支架额定工作阻力需达到15 MN/架,或者对煤柱及间隔岩层结构进行处理,以保证安全开采。研究结果可为类似条件工作面过平行煤柱开采提供参考。

放煤过程中液压支架顶梁动态载荷演化特征试验研究

接触式煤矸识别需要研究综放开采液压支架顶梁承载特性,但现有研究大多重点关注放煤前后的支架承载特性或在给定载荷情况下支架的力学响应特征,忽略了对放煤过程中载荷变化的深入探究。针对上述问题,搭建了放顶煤支架动态载荷相似模拟试验平台,借助散体颗粒模拟破碎煤矸块体,反演了综放工作面放煤过程,利用薄膜压力传感器采集支架顶梁压力,分析了放煤过程中顶梁动态载荷演化特征。试验结果表明:①顶煤的放出对支架顶梁载荷产生了较为明显的影响,即随着顶煤放出,支架顶梁载荷整体呈先增大后减小最终稳定的演化规律。②沿顶梁长度方向,支架顶梁距离掩护梁越远的位置受顶煤放出的影响越小,主要表现在距离掩护梁越远,顶梁载荷峰值相较初始值的增幅越小,且达到载荷峰值所需的时间越长。③沿顶梁宽度方向,由于顶煤的放出过程受到了约束边界或流动过程不均衡性的限制,顶梁不同位置的载荷峰值具有差异性,顶梁载荷峰值相较初始值的增幅最大值达到了最小值的2.4倍。

瓦斯压力对采场支承压力的影响及突出-冲击协同防控

随着煤炭开采深度和强度的增大,部分矿井面临煤与瓦斯突出与冲击地压双重灾害威胁,突出-冲击复合灾害成为值得关注的科学与工程难题,含瓦斯煤体采动支承压分布规律对于揭示该类型灾害机理具有重要意义。通过研究瓦斯压力变化对采动支承压力分布的影响,建立了含瓦斯煤体支承压力计算模型,得到了含瓦斯压力变化的切向应力以及塑性区半径计算公式;基于典型突出-冲击矿井工程地质条件,采用数值模拟得到了瓦斯压力对采场支承压力分布的影响特征。结果表明:随着瓦斯压力减小,巷道周边切向应力增加,而塑性区半径减小,即切向应力峰值距离煤壁更近;采场支承压力峰值与瓦斯压力负相关,峰值距煤壁距离与瓦斯压力呈正相关,均表现为二次曲线关系。现场监测数据表明,随着瓦斯抽采的进行,煤体破裂震动频次上升,当出现瓦斯压力持续下降、而震动频次急剧上升趋势时,冲击危险性较高。基于瓦斯压力变化对冲击危险的影响,建立了海石湾煤矿突出-冲击协同防控技术体系,在瓦斯治理过程,利用瓦斯压力-震动频次预警冲击危险,并优化防冲卸压工程的起始位置与强度,实现突出-冲击协同防控。

强动压松软煤体条件下沿空掘巷护巷煤柱尺寸研究

针对强动压松软煤体条件下综采工作面沿空巷道围岩变形量大、稳定性差的难题,本文以赵庄煤矿5328工作面为研究背景,通过理论计算,得到了沿空掘巷煤柱尺寸的留设范围;然后通过建立数值模拟模型对多种宽度煤柱的围岩应力和塑性区进行分析,确定煤柱的合理尺寸为8 m。现场矿压监测结果表明,留设宽度为8 m的煤柱可以满足工作面安全生产要求。

层面位置对煤岩组合体动态破坏特性影响规律研究

【目的】层面位置对煤岩组合体动态破坏过程及力学特性具有重要影响作用,但影响规律尚不清晰。【方法】通过对含有3种层面位置的煤岩组合体(层面分别位于岩石部分上位、中位和下位)开展霍普金森冲击(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验,分析了冲击载荷条件下煤岩组合体动态应力-应变、破坏过程、能量结构、碎块特征的演变规律。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)煤岩组合体动态应力-应变过程可以分为近似线性阶段、非线性的动态应力-应变阶段、弹性模量降低阶段、宏观破裂阶段、应力波卸载阶段5个阶段。(2)随着层面由上向下布置,岩石部分的破坏程度逐渐增强,破坏过程逐渐剧烈,破坏后的碎块的均匀程度降低,而煤体部分的破坏程度则逐步降低,破碎后的块度逐渐增加。(3)层面的存在会降低煤岩组合体动态抗压强度,与无层面煤岩组合体(平均强度为79.487 MPa)相比,当层面位于上方时,组合体动态抗压强度(平均强度为73.724 MPa)降低7.25%;当层面位于中位时,组合体动态抗压强度(平均强度为61.798 MPa)降低22.26%;当层面位于下位时,组合体的动态抗压强度(平均强度为64.991 MPa)降低18.24%。(4)随着层面位置由上向下布置,能量结构发生变化,反射能占比降低,吸收能占比增加,透射能占比减小。本研究可以为超长孔水力压裂技术或地面压裂技术在大范围处理坚硬顶板工程开展过程中压裂位置的选择提供一定指导。

厚煤顶动压影响巷道支护方案优化设计及应用

针对8206回风巷厚煤顶动压影响巷道存在的顶板易随采随冒的问题,综合运用现场调研、文献检索、理论分析等研究方法,分析该巷道原支护方案的缺陷及应该优化的方向,设计了一套“高预应力锚索整体支护方案”,并成功进行了工程实践。掘进支护后的矿压观测表明,实施优化后的支护方案后,巷道顶底板移近量、两帮移近量、顶板离层值均得到了有效控制,实现了安全高效掘进。

黄陵二号煤矿厚煤层留巷围岩变形特征分析

厚煤层煤柱留设宽度对煤炭资源回收率与围岩稳定性具有重要影响。为黄陵二号煤矿煤柱留设合理宽度,运用数值模拟方法与现场实测技术,对不同煤柱留设宽度的围岩应力进行分析,并对锚索应力、顶板离层量的演化趋势进行监测。结果表明,煤柱尺寸在12~18 m时应力峰值与位移峰值变化范围最小,最终确定煤柱尺寸为15 m。工程监测表明,回采动压超前影响范围为220 m,工作面距离四联巷的-50 m到75 m范围为矿压快速显现阶段。工作面回采过后50 m,锚索应力与顶板离层量趋于稳定状态,验证了黄陵二号煤矿303工作面的煤柱留巷稳定性满足围岩的支护控制需求。

高煤阶煤层气井压降扩展规律研究及应用——以沁水盆地樊庄区块为例

文章以沁水盆地樊庄区块直井为研究对象,综合考虑因排采降压差异导致的储层渗透率动态变化这一特征,通过搭建应力-压缩性-渗透性三者之间的关系,构建了适用于高煤阶煤储层的气-水流动模型,同时分别对单相产水阶段、两相采气阶段的压降扩展规律进行了量化分析,理清了樊庄区块煤层气井压降扩展规律,从而优化了现场单井排采制度。结果表明:在采气阶段存在最佳提气速度,其次确定了影响煤储层压降扩展的6个主控因素,拟合得到了采气阶段-最佳提气速度预测公式,为樊庄区块及类似地区煤层气井的排采管控提供了指导依据。

褶曲构造影响区内翼部煤层开采矿压机理及防治技术

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