基于CAN通信实现MBD代码下载的DSP Bootloader开发

为了实现DSP嵌入式系统在实际应用中便捷下载MBD(model-based design)代码的需求,文章设计了一种基于CAN通信实现MBD代码下载的Bootloader方案。以TMS320F28335为例,通过对MBD代码的结构进行分析,设计了Boot程序与MBD程序的内存划分方案,确保程序下载的有效性和稳定性;开发了相应的Boot程序和上位机程序,详细介绍了Bootloader的实现流程,并对关键步骤函数进行了分析与解释,利用CAN通信实现了程序的下载。实验结果表明,该方法稳定可靠且具有实用性,为DSP嵌入式系统在实际应用中的MBD代码下载提供了一种可行且高效的解决方案。

基于DEM-MBD耦合的液压挖掘机动力学仿真分析

在实际工况下,液压挖掘机工作装置受到的载荷较大且具有强时变性,因此工作装置各组成杆件及液压缸较易出现各种形式的失效。针对以上问题,选取某型号液压挖掘机作为研究对象,根据液压挖掘机工作装置实际挖掘物料工况,利用多体动力学软件ADAMS建立液压挖掘机虚拟样机模型并利用离散元软件EDEM建立物料模型。通过DEM-MBD耦合仿真分析方法,对液压挖掘机工作装置进行动力学仿真分析,主要获取挖掘物料过程中铲斗受力变化曲线、不同时刻铲斗受力云图,通过对其分析,能够获取铲斗在挖掘作业过程中受力变化情况,为铲斗的有限元分析、优化设计提供理论依据。

基于MBD的高层建筑施工工艺结构化表征

针对高层建筑施工过程中的庞大内容和复杂的组织关系,本文首先深入分析了二维纸质工艺图纸和文件作为技术交底形式所带来的抽象性、理解困难、规范性差及数据一致性难以保障等问题。基于对高层建筑施工工艺特性和信息集成需求的分析,本文规范化定义了施工工艺的要素和属性,提出了基于工艺结构树的施工工艺信息组织管理方法,并构建了多层级工艺信息模型以实现工艺信息的结构化表达。借鉴制造业的MBD理念,本文以工艺结构树为数据组织核心,结合BIM模型与工艺信息卡片,提出了集成几何设计与施工工艺信息的三维施工工艺结构化表征框架。最后,通过开发交互式作业指导系统并结合实际案例验证,完成了项目主体、工艺和各类资源的有序整合,为智能建造提供了理论与方法支持。

基于MBD的电子装备研发数字化集成协同环境构建

电子装备的研发是一项复杂且系统化的工程,而现有研发模式下存在多专业协同不足、产品研发周期长、技术状态变更频繁、研发成本高等问题,已无法满足市场需求。针对上述问题,以产品研发流程再造和优化为基础,开展数字化集成协同研发环境构建,系统性探索产品多专业协同、多领域共享的研发管控模式。通过基于模型定义(Model-based Definition,MBD)技术,规范了装备研制过程,实现了电子装备基于xBOM的数字化定义和数字量的传递,以及设计工艺一体化数据管理,从而提高了研发效率,缩短产品研制周期10%以上,设计重用率超过30%,降低了研发成本,提高了装备的性能和可靠性。

建筑行业三维标注(MBD)技术研究和应用展望

随着建筑业数字化、工业化的大力发展,业内对三维标注技术(MBD)的需求日益提升。然而在目前的工作流程中,设计、模拟以及生产的数据一体化框架仍不完善,难以满足实际建筑工程的需要。现阶段BIM技术缺乏关于MBD技术的方法与标准,导致即便设计流程采用全三维设计方式,但最终仍需转换为二维图纸交付生产,其与传统设计流程在本质上并未产生明显区别。本文主要围绕建筑行业MBD技术进行研究与应用展望,包括MBD技术发展历程、相关标注标准的体系构建以及应用的潜在方向,旨在为建筑产品全生命周期管理(PLM)提供基础理论技术支持,也为建筑行业发展提供新的发展思路。

基于MBD的航空橡塑密封结构案例库构建

为有效积累和重用航空橡塑密封结构案例中蕴含的知识,提出基于模型的定义(Model Based Definition,MBD)的航空橡塑密封结构案例库构建方法。首先,基于航空橡塑密封结构行业设计标准和MBD的三维建模与标注方法,建立基于MBD的航空橡塑密封结构案例内容框架和表示,通过SolidWorks MBD模块实现航空橡塑密封结构案例的MBD表示;然后,提取航空橡塑密封结构MBD案例表示中的几何特征和语义特征,设计“几何+语义”的案例检索算法;最后,开发的基于MBD的航空橡塑密封结构案例库原型系统及其应用表明,基于MBD的航空橡塑密封结构案例表示与检索实现了知识的积累和重用。

基于DEM-MBD耦合的装载机减阻铲装策略仿真分析

装载机铲装物料过程中,往往受到较大的铲装阻力,使得其作业效率降低、能耗升高。针对此问题,对装载机减阻铲装策略进行研究。对装载机铲装物料过程中受到的铲装阻力进行分析,建立装载机各作业阶段铲装阻力的数学模型,提出装载机减阻铲装策略;利用ADAMS建立装载机虚拟样机模型,对它进行动态仿真,通过EDEM完成铲装物料颗粒模型的建立及相关参数的设置;基于DEM-MBD联合仿真,分别对装载机使用2种铲装物料策略进行铲装过程仿真;最后,获取2种铲装策略中物料运动速度矢量以及铲装阻力变化曲线,进行对比分析。结果表明:装载机使用减阻铲装策略铲装物料相比一次铲装法铲装物料受到的最大铲装阻力值减少11.3%,且使用减阻铲装策略所产生的铲装阻力大部分时间内整体小于一次铲装法所产生的铲装阻力,证明了减阻铲装策略的可行性和合理性。

Tet-On系统中多西环素对MBD1诱导表达的调控研究

【目的】构建甲基结合蛋白1(MBD1)的Tet-On可诱导表达质粒和293T细胞,探讨多西环素(Dox)对MBD1表达的影响,并通过分析细胞中质粒启动子CpG甲基化水平反映MBD1调控机制。【方法】使用MBD1引物扩增293T的MBD1表达序列,将其连接于Tet-On诱导表达质粒的多克隆位点;将构建成功的质粒用电转染的方法转入MBD1 KO 293T,使用荧光显微镜及Western blot验证获得的MBD1恢复的293T(MBD1 RE 293T);使用不同浓度Dox诱导MBD1表达,利用Western blot检测单克隆细胞中MBD1的表达情况;使用同一浓度Dox诱导MBD1表达,在12、24、48、96、144、192 h收集细胞,利用Western blot检测细胞中MBD1的表达情况;使用亚硫酸氢盐测序方法检测Dox诱导后细胞内可诱导质粒启动子CpG甲基化情况。【结果】成功构建Tet-On诱导表达MBD1质粒;与未诱导细胞相比,Dox诱导后转染细胞MBD1蛋白重新表达;随着Dox浓度的升高细胞中MBD1的表达逐渐增多;相同浓度Dox诱导后,从12-96 h细胞内MBD1的表达逐渐升高,但144 h后MBD1表达下降;细胞内质粒启动子CpG甲基化检测显示,与96 h相比,144和192 h质粒启动子甲基化水平逐渐升高;在诱导144 h加入甲基转移酶抑制剂地西他滨(decitabine)后,质粒启动子甲基化水平降低,MBD1表达升高。【结论】Tet-On可诱导细胞中重新表达MBD1蛋白,并且表达量与Dox浓度正相关,但长时间诱导后细胞内质粒CpG甲基化水平升高,影响细胞中MBD1的表达。

基于生物信息学分析MBD1在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:通过生信在线数据库分析MBD1在肝细胞癌(LIHC)中的表达及临床意义。方法:通过TIMER2.0、UALCAN、HPA、LinkedOmics数据库分析LIHC和正常肝脏组织中MBD1基因的表达水平及与患者预后的关系,并分析共表达基因和对KEGG信号通路进行富集分析。结果:MBD1在LIHC(371例)中的表达高于正常组织(50例);随着临床分期的升高,MBD1表达呈上升趋势;并且MBD1在TP53突变中表达水平较高(P<0.05)。生存分析提示,MBD1高表达的LIHC患者生存率显著降低(P<0.05)。共表达分析显示,共有6196个基因与MBD1表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05),正相关性最高的基因为PIAS2,相关系数为0.589;1946个基因与MBD1表达呈显著负相关(P<0.05),负相关性最高的是HEBP2,相关系数是-0.328。KEGG结果表明,MBD1可能与细胞周期、泛素介导的蛋白水解、核糖核酸转运、病毒性致癌等信号通路相关。结论:LIHC组织中MBD1表达增高,MBD1表达升高的LIHC患者预后较差,其可能成为LIHC治疗的新靶点。

Community structure and species diversity dynamics of a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China:2005 to 2020

Here,we characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest community structure and species diversity in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China.We found that community structure in this forest changed over a 15-year period.Specifically,renewal and death of common species was large,with the renewal of individuals mainly concentrated within a few populations,especially those of Aidia canthioides and Cryptocarya concinna.The numbers of individual deaths for common species were concentrated in the small and mid-diameter level.The spatial distribution of community species diversity fluctuated in each monitoring period,showing a more dispersed diversity after the 15-year study period,and the coefficient of variation on quadrats increased.In 2010,the death and renewal of the community and the spatial variation of species diversity were different compared to other survey years.Extreme weather may have affected species regeneration and community stability in our subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests.Our findings suggest that strengthening the monitoring and management of the forest community will help better understand the long-and short-term causes of dynamic fluctuations of community structure and species diversity,and reveal the factors that drive changes in community structure.

The impact of demographic dynamics on food consumption and its environmental outcomes:Evidence from China

With increasing population and changing demographics,food consumption has experienced a significant transition in quantity and quality.However,a dearth of knowledge remains regarding its environmental impacts and how it responds to demographic dynamics,particularly in emerging economies like China.Using the two-stage Quadratic Almost Demand System(QUAIDS)model,this study empirically examines the impact of demographic dynamics on food consumption and its environmental outcomes based on the provincial data from 2000 to 2020 in China.Under various scenarios,according to changes in demographics,we extend our analysis to project the long-term trend of food consumption and its environmental impacts,including greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,water footprint(WF),and land appropriation(LA).The results reveal that an increase in the proportion of senior people significantly decreases the consumption of grain and livestock meat and increases the consumption of poultry,egg,and aquatic products,particularly for urban residents.Moreover,an increase in the proportion of males in the population leads to higher consumption of poultry and aquatic products.Correspondingly,in the current scenario of an increased aging population and sex ratio,it is anticipated that GHG emissions,WF,and LA are likely to decrease by 1.37,2.52,and 3.56%,respectively.More importantly,in the scenario adhering to the standards of nutritional intake according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents in 2022,GHG emissions,WF,and LA in urban areas would increase by 12.78,20.94,and 18.32%,respectively.Our findings suggest that changing demographics should be considered when designing policies to mitigate the diet-environment-health trilemma and achieve sustainable food consumption.

Analysis of CH_(4) and H_(2) Adsorption on Heterogeneous Shale Surfaces Using aMolecular Dynamics Approach

Determining the adsorption of shale gas on complex surfaces remains a challenge in molecular simulation studies.Difficulties essentially stem from the need to create a realistic shale structure model in terms of mineral heterogeneityand multiplicity.Moreover,precise characterization of the competitive adsorption of hydrogen andmethane in shale generally requires the experimental determination of the related adsorptive capacity.In thisstudy,the adsorption of adsorbates,methane(CH_(4)),and hydrogen(H_(2))on heterogeneous shale surface modelsof Kaolinite,Orthoclase,Muscovite,Mica,C_(60),and Butane has been simulated in the frame of a moleculardynamic’s numerical technique.The results show that these behaviors are influenced by pressure and potentialenergy.On increasing the pressure from 500 to 2000 psi,the sorption effect for CH_(4)significantly increasesbut shows a decline at a certain stage(if compared to H_(2)).The research findings also indicate that raw shalehas a higher capacity to adsorb CH_(4)compared to hydrogen.However,in shale,this difference is negligible.

Millisecond dynamics of colloidal suspension studied by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy(XPCS)has emerged as a powerful tool for probing the nanoscale dynamics of soft condensed matter and strongly correlated materials owing to its high spatial resolution and penetration capabilities.This technique requires high brilliance and beam coherence,which are not directly available at modern synchrotron beamlines in China.To facilitate future XPCS experiments,we modified the optical setup of the newly commissioned BL10U1 USAXS beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF).Subsequently,we performed XPCS measurements on silica suspensions in glycerol,which were opaque owing to their high concentrations.Images were collected using a high frame rate area detector.A comprehensive analysis was performed,yielding correlation functions and several key dynamic parameters.All the results were consistent with the theory of Brownian motion and demonstrated the feasibility of XPCS at SSRF.Finally,by carefully optimizing the setup and analyzing the algorithms,we achieved a time resolution of 2 ms,which enabled the characterization of millisecond dynamics in opaque systems.

腺嘌呤灌胃联合高磷饮食诱导CKD-MBD大鼠模型的探讨

目的:观察腺嘌呤灌胃联合高磷饮食方法诱导的慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨代谢异常(CKD-MBD)大鼠模型。方法:34只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及模型组,每组17只。实验第1~4周,每日予250 mg/kg腺嘌呤混悬液灌胃及含1.2%高磷饲料喂养,第5~8周腺嘌呤灌胃改为隔日。对照组和模型组灌胃等体积高纯水。共给药8周。8周后杀检取材,苏木精-伊红(HE)、过碘酸雪夫(PAS)染色、马松(Masson)染色法观察两组大鼠肾脏病理,茜素红、HE染色观察主动脉钙化结节形成情况;HE染色观察胫骨组织形态,显微CT(Micro-CT)与CT-AN软件对股骨进行三维分析,检测皮质骨骨形态计量学参数;全自动生化仪测定血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠的Scr、BUN、P和iPTH水平均显著升高(P<0.01),Ca2+水平明显降低(P<0.01);模型组肾小球结构紊乱,肾小球基底膜增厚,肾小管扩张,管腔内有积水、炎性细胞的浸润和棕褐色结晶沉积,肾脏血管明显减少,肾脏间质纤维化,有炎性细胞浸润;模型组大鼠主动脉中膜明显的呈连续性线性分布的钙化结节,局部血管破裂;模型组大鼠α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)蛋白平均光密度值表达明显降低,骨形态蛋白-2(BMP-2)和Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)蛋白平均光密度值表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型组大鼠胫骨近端干骺端的小梁骨网络之间的断开和分离增加,骨小梁表面的成骨细胞和破骨细胞数量增加,骨小梁周围出现大量间质纤维化,模型组皮质骨组织密度显著降低(P<0.01)、皮质孔隙度显著增加(P<0.01),皮质骨体积分数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腺嘌呤灌胃联合高磷饮食是制备CKD-MBD大鼠模型较为快速、可行、准确的方法,值得进一步推广。

Dynamics and genetic regulation of macronutrient concentrations during grain development in maize

Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics and accumulation during grain filling in maize remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated grain N, P, and K concentrations in 206 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross of DH1M and T877 at six time points after pollination. We then calculated conditional phenotypic values at different time intervals to explore the dynamic characteristics of the N, P, and K concentrations. Abundant phenotypic variations were observed in the concentrations and net changes of these nutrients. Unconditional quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping revealed 41 non-redundant QTLs, including 17, 16, and 14 for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively. Conditional QTL mapping uncovered 39 non-redundant QTLs related to net changes in the N, P, and K concentrations. By combining QTL, gene expression, co-expression analysis, and comparative genomic data, we identified 44, 36, and 44 candidate genes for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively, including GRMZM2G371058 encoding a Doftype zinc finger DNA-binding family protein, which was associated with the N concentration, and GRMZM2G113967encoding a CBL-interacting protein kinase, which was related to the K concentration. The results deepen our understanding of the genetic factors controlling N, P, and K accumulation during maize grain development and provide valuable genes for the genetic improvement of nutrient concentrations in maize.

基于MBD的产品设计数字化军检研究

针对传统军检技术存在质量监督方式落后的问题,就军事代表在产品设计阶段如何开展基于MBD(model baseddefinition)的数字化军检业务进行分析。梳理产品设计阶段的产出物和相应的军检点,并对军检内容、军检方式和军检对象进行研究。结果表明:在产品设计阶段开展基于MBD的数字化军检技术,可提升军事代表对装备质量的监督能力,适应基于MBD的装备研制体系,是未来军检技术的发展方向。

Inflammatory markers,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial dynamics:Repercussions on coronary artery disease in diabetes

Inflammatory markers and mediators that affect the development of cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of recent scientific work.Thus,the purpose of this editorial is to promote a critical debate about the article titled“Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine and inflammatory cytokines,markers,and mediators of coronary artery disease progression in diabetes”,published in the World Journal of Diabetes in 2024.This work directs us to reflect on the role of advanced glycation end products,which are pro-inflammatory products arising from the metabolism of fatty acids and sugars whose main marker in tissues is Nε-carboxymethyllysine(NML).Recent studies have linked high levels of pro-inflammatory agents with the development of coronary artery disease(CAD),especially tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukins,and C-reactive protein.These inflammatory agents increase the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),of which people with diabetes are known to have an increased production.The increase in ROS promotes lipid peroxidation,which causes damage to myocytes,promoting myocardial damage.Furthermore,oxidative stress induces the binding of NML to its receptor RAGE,which in turn activates the nuclear factor-kB,and consequently,inflammatory cytokines.These inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial dysfunction,with increased expression of adhesion molecules,changes in endothelial permeability and changes in the expression of nitric oxide.In this sense,the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies(inflammatory reducers such as statins and sodium-glucose transport inhibitors)has demonstrated positive results in the regression of atherogenic plaques and consequently CAD.On the other hand,many studies have demonstrated a relationship between mitochondrial dynamics,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases.This link occurs since ROS have their origin in the imbalance in glucose metabolism that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix,and this imbalance can have its origin in inadequate diet as well as some pathologies.Photobiomodulation(PBM)has recently been considered a possible therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases due to its effects on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress.In this sense,therapies such as PBM that act on pro-inflammatory mediators and mitochondrial modulation could benefit those with cardiovascular diseases.

基于DEM-MBD的油茶林分层切抛式开沟刀组研制

针对油茶种植林地土壤粘重板结环境下因刀片剧烈冲击导致开沟效果不理想、功率消耗较大和机具振动的问题,该研究设计了一种油茶林分层切抛式开沟刀组。根据油茶开沟施肥的农艺要求,分析土壤与切土刀片间的相互作用、建立土壤颗粒在抛土刀面上的动力学微分方程,得到影响刀组切抛性能的关键因素为偏心系数、最大工作半径r1处滑切角、安装角和刀轴转速。通过EDEM-RecurDyn耦合仿真,以作业功耗与沟深稳定性系数为评价指标进行单因素及二次正交旋转组合试验,基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法对构建的二阶多项式响应面模型进行循环逼近优化,确定最优参数组合为:偏心系数1.3、最大工作半径r1处滑切角64.7°、安装角55.1°、刀轴转速301 r/min,与对照组单一外层切土刀和正装抛土刀的组合方式相比,最优参数组合下分层切抛式开沟刀组的扭矩波动降低率为21.53%。田间试验结果表明,最优参数刀组下仿真与田间试验的作业功耗、沟深稳定性系数相对误差分别为10.25%和4.55%,验证了耦合仿真模型的准确性;田间试验的作业功耗与沟深稳定性系数分别为25.96 kW和88.31%,比功耗和现有的果园开沟刀组相比降低了8.31%,沟深稳定性系数满足国家相关标准的技术要求,研究结果可为油茶林开沟刀组的设计和优化提供理论支撑与参考。

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

基于MBD的PLC运动控制系统设计与应用

针对复杂算法在PLC运动控制系统中难以工程实现的问题,该文提出了一种基于MBD(model based design)的系统设计和应用方法。首先,利用MATLAB/Simulink建立控制模型并仿真验证,预留变量接口,正确匹配参数定义和数据类型;然后,基于Simulink PLC Coder将模型转换为符合IEC 61131-3标准的结构化文本ST(structure text)代码,根据集成开发环境CoDeSys定制文件格式;最后,将生成代码以功能块FB(function block)的形式导入CoDeSys,实现算法与应用程序的集成。某型起重机回转控制系统的应用证明了MBD方法可有效解决复杂算法工程实现难的问题。