中观交通仿真建模关键问题分析及应用研究

首先介绍了三种典型的中观仿真模型:INTEGRATION、DYNASMART和DynaMIT,并进行了对比分析;在此基础上,提出了中观仿真建模的三个关键问题,分别是:动态OD估计、动态交通分配和动态交通流参数标定;最后,选取INTEGRATION为研究对象,分析了奥运会开幕式期间在实施交通需求控制和铺设专用道策略之后,奥运大家庭车辆的运行情况,说明中观仿真模型在城市交通管理方面的应用效果。

面向城市路网的动态交通流仿真应用模型比较研究

动态交通流模型是研究城市动态交通流的重要工具。INTEGRATION、DYNASMART-X、DYNASMART-P、DynaMIT和DynaMIT-P是目前世界上主要的五款面向应用的动态交通流模型,从模型开发目的、模型功能和模型输出的评价指标等三个角度进行对比分析,有利于促进合理选择不同的模型。

Experimental Investigations of Axial Force Monitoring and Control for Friction Stir Welding Process

Friction stir welding( FSW) is a solid-state welding process that utilizes a rotating tool to induce gross material plastic deformation and join two parts together. A large number of studies have indicated that axial force control can be used to achieve good welding quality. However,in the welding process,due to workpiece's geometry error,improper clamping and other process variations,the axial force can vary significantly and produce welding defects.The control of force in the process of FSW is investigated. At first,the development and evaluation of a closed-loop control system is described,which is equipped with a custom real-time wireless force dynamometer for FSW. Then,an axial force controller is designed based on nonlinear force controllers for FSW. Experimental validations are carried out on an FSW platform. The experimental results demonstrate that the controller maintains the constant axial force and shows desirable dynamic behavior, even when the disturbance is encountered during the welding process.

Save Dynamite for Sulphureous Deposit

Changsha Mining Research Institute in cooperation with Tongshan Copper Mine developeda kind of save dynamite named as GLW type which can be utilized in demolition for sulphureousdeposit. Such a kind of demolition mentioned above is a difficult problem because of probabilityof spontaneous combustion or explodation. Engineers delicated oneself to the study of selection of

Developing Integrated Collective Bargaining System in a Bi National Organization:The Case of the Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority(TAZARA)

The Tanzania Zambia Railway stretches 1,860 kilometers from the East African Indian Ocean port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania to New Kapiri-Mposhi in land locked Zambia.It is defined as a bi-national organization as opposed to either transnational or multinational because it is jointly owned and managed by the Governments of Tanzania and Zambia.Its construction was made possible by Chinese interest-free loan to the two Governments.Few development projects in Africa have been charged with as much political and ideological dynamite as Tanzania Zambia Railway.To the Western powers,angry that the Chinese had entered territory which they considered their own preserve,it was a Red Railway intended to thrust communism into the very heart of Africa.For the white regimes in Southern Africa,grimly attempting to hold back demands for majority rule,it was seen as Africa’s Ho Chi Minh Trail,carrying guerrilla further,armed with Chinese thoughts and weapons to the banks of the Zambezi River.The Chinese regarded the project as a Friendship Route to strengthen the new African states against the forces of imperialism and for Tanzania and Zambia it was a Freedom Railway,which should prove an instrument in increasing their independence.These reactions underpin not only the complexity of the establishment and management of a bi-national organization but also present challenges to the two national trade unions on how best they can represent their members.Industrial relations literature has cited differences in countries’historical,social,political,economic,and ideological background as the main obstacles in the development of collective bargaining machinery in transnational or multinational organizations.A study in Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority has attempted to develop an integrated bi-national collective bargaining machinery whose collective agreements are likely to be legally enforceable in their respective countries.This paper explores the development of trade unions in both Tanzania and Zambia which can be divided in three phases:first,the construction phase;second,the consolidation phase;and the third and final phase,trade union liberalization and political pluralism which covers the development of a bi national collective bargaining model with its Joint Industrial Council structure and negotiation procedures.The paper compares and contrasts trade union development in the two contracting states and critically examines how each phase has influenced trade union development.It provides a brief historical outline of collective bargaining process and spells out advantages and limitations of bi-national collective bargaining machinery.The paper concludes by observing that one of the main objectives of regional groupings is economic integration and suggests that integrated collective bargaining machinery be adopted as an ideal industrial relations model for regional groupings such as the African Union(AU),Southern African Development Community(SADC),Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA),Economic Community for West African States(ECOWAS),Eastern African Community,and other regional groupings around the world since it localizes industrial relations function in general and collective bargaining in particular.