Thiamphenicol(THA) and florfenicol(FLO) aqueous solutions were irradiated to different doses by 1 MeV electron beams,and redox reactions of THA/FLO and radicals of OH,e_(eq)^- and ~·H were investigated under vari...Thiamphenicol(THA) and florfenicol(FLO) aqueous solutions were irradiated to different doses by 1 MeV electron beams,and redox reactions of THA/FLO and radicals of OH,e_(eq)^- and ~·H were investigated under various conditions.The results showed that at 8 kGy,the decomposition rate of THA and FLO was 97.2%and 98.5%, respectively.Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that OH played a key role in E-beam degradation of the THA and FLO in aqueous solutions,and e_(eq)^- and ~·H radicals could initiate the degradation,too.Seven primary products of the THA and FLO degradation were identified.These indicate that E-beam radiation is an effective method to reduce THA and FLO in aqueous solutions.展开更多
To investigate the influence of radiolysis on kinetics and factors of dimethyl phthalate(DMP),the aqueous DMP solution is degraded by 1.8 MeV E-beam,following pseudo-first-order kinetics.The rate constant of DMP degra...To investigate the influence of radiolysis on kinetics and factors of dimethyl phthalate(DMP),the aqueous DMP solution is degraded by 1.8 MeV E-beam,following pseudo-first-order kinetics.The rate constant of DMP degradation decreased exponentially with increasing initial DMP concentration.The DMP is favorably degraded by radical scavengers under its low concentration and alkaline condition.At high doses,the DMP is attacked by eaq-and ·OH,producing monomethyl phthalate,phthalate acid,and a series of aliphatic carboxylic acids,which are completelymineralized into H2O and CO2.展开更多
E-beam degradation of bisphenol A(BPA) was carried out,under reductive condition of ethanol-water solution and oxidative condition of acetonitrile-water solution.The degradation efficiency is higher in oxidative condi...E-beam degradation of bisphenol A(BPA) was carried out,under reductive condition of ethanol-water solution and oxidative condition of acetonitrile-water solution.The degradation efficiency is higher in oxidative condition than that in reductive condition,and increases with the dose but decreased with increasing initial concentration.The BPA radiolysis follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics.Adding H_2O_2,or neutral condition,does not benefit BPA degradation in oxidative conditions.Pulsed radiolysis was used to investigate mechanism of the BPA radiolysis.The rate constant for BPA reaction with OH(1.85×10^(10) L·mor^(-1)·s^(-1)) is about an order of magnitude higher than that with e_(aq)^-(1.80×l0~9 L·mor^(-1)·s^(-1)).The degradation products were analyzed by ion chromatograph.Smaller molecules such as formic acid and acetic acid were detected,indicating that ^-OH attacks the BPA molecule.The work is of significance for the practical E-beam treatment of waste water containing BPA.展开更多
Layered Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices with an InO_x/SiN_u/36°YX LiTaO_3 structure were investigated for sensing low concentrations of hydrogen (H_2) and ozone (O_3) at different operating temperatures.The s...Layered Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices with an InO_x/SiN_u/36°YX LiTaO_3 structure were investigated for sensing low concentrations of hydrogen (H_2) and ozone (O_3) at different operating temperatures.The sensor consists of a 1μm thick silicon nitride (SiN_y) intermediate layer deposited by electron beam evaporation on a 36°Y-cut X-propagating piezoelectric lithium tantalate (LiTaO_3) substrate and a 100 nm thin indium oxide (InO_x) sensing layer deposited by R.F.magnetron sputtering.The device fabrication is described and the performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of response magnitude as a function of operating temperature.Large frequency shifts of 360 kHz for 600μg/g of H_2 and 92 kHz for 40 ng/g O_3 were recorded.In addition,the surface morphology of the deposited films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the chemical composition by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to correlate gas-sensing behavior to structural characteristics of the thin film.展开更多
Thermionic electron beam is a fundamental part of all types of linear accelerators around the world in the field of Experimental High Energy Physics. Thermionic beam is very inexpensive and simple to produce. In this ...Thermionic electron beam is a fundamental part of all types of linear accelerators around the world in the field of Experimental High Energy Physics. Thermionic beam is very inexpensive and simple to produce. In this work, we give an overview of generation, design and applications of the electron beam with particular reference to e-beam generation at high energy linear accelerators. Experimental data are presented in tabular form for ready reference. We also make an evaluation of these high energy sources with our in-house designed e-beam gun. Finally, a comparison has been presented in terms of characteristic parameters of all these high performance sources.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the fact that the authors practise fraud. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry treats al...The following article has been retracted due to the fact that the authors practise fraud. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry treats all unethical behavior seriously. This paper published in Vol. 4 No. 10 194-202, 2014 has been removed from this site. ? Title: Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film ? Authors: Golam Saklayen, Shahinul Islam, Ferdous Rahman, Abu Bakar展开更多
TiO2 thin films were prepared with Ti2O3, Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, by electron-beam evaporation deposition, using O^2- ion beam （ O2 purity up to 99.99% ） as auxiliary means. The crystal structures of the sa...TiO2 thin films were prepared with Ti2O3, Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, by electron-beam evaporation deposition, using O^2- ion beam （ O2 purity up to 99.99% ） as auxiliary means. The crystal structures of the samples were inspected by the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method, and the evaporation character of warious raw materials was analyzed. Transmittance spectra were measured through a U-3310 spectrophotometer （ wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm）. The refractive index n and the thickness of films were determined from transmission spectra. The experimental results show that the thin films taking Ti2O3 as their raw material have a strong absorption, when taking Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, the thin films would have good optical properties. The experiments also show that, the crystal structure of all thin films is amorphous before post-annealing and the Ti3O5 is a congruent evaporation phase in the Ti-O system.展开更多
We fabricate high-quality A1/A1Ox/A1 junctions using improved bridge and bridge-free techniques at 30-keV e-beam voltage,in which the length of undercut and the size of junction can be well controlled by the pre-expos...We fabricate high-quality A1/A1Ox/A1 junctions using improved bridge and bridge-free techniques at 30-keV e-beam voltage,in which the length of undercut and the size of junction can be well controlled by the pre-exposure technique.The dose window is 5 times as large as that used in the usual Dolan bridge technique,making this technique much more robust.Similar results,comparable with those achieved using a 100-keV e-beam writer,are obtained,which indicate that the 30-keV e-beam writer could be an economic choice for the superconducting qubit fabrication.展开更多
α- and β-chitosan with molecular weight of 190,000 and 800,000 respectively, were depolymerized by e-beam irradiation with various doses. The radiation yield of scission (Gs) and degradation rate of the chitosans we...α- and β-chitosan with molecular weight of 190,000 and 800,000 respectively, were depolymerized by e-beam irradiation with various doses. The radiation yield of scission (Gs) and degradation rate of the chitosans were identified. The synergistic chemical degradation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is more effective at lower doses. Mw of β-chitosan was dramatically decreased from 800,000 to 21,030 at the irradiation dose 5 kGy, on the other hand, that of α-chitosan was decreased much more gradually from 190,000 to 36,000. The values of Gs at 10 kGy in the solution without H2O2 and with H2O2 were respectively 6.09 × 10-5 mol/cal and 30.6 × 10-5 mol/cal for α-Chitosan, and 8.18 × 10-5 mol/cal and 43.8 × 10-5 mol/cal for β-chitosan. It was obviously effective on depolymerization by using the combination of e-beam and H2O2. α-Chitosan molecules are likely to adopt a diffuse conformation in the solution and make the different morphologies depending on the concentration.展开更多
Disordered carbon particulates were deposited on the surface of natural acid treated zeolite through graphite evaporation by electron beam to improve adsorption properties of the porous material. This study focuses on...Disordered carbon particulates were deposited on the surface of natural acid treated zeolite through graphite evaporation by electron beam to improve adsorption properties of the porous material. This study focuses on the development of the new material and not on applications. The effect of acid treatment and carbon deposition on the physical properties of the natural material was investigated. The zeolites were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic methods, thermal analysis, and gas sorption analysis. Analysis revealed that the surface area and volume increased by a factor of ten after the carbon-coating was deposited onto the zeolite surface and indicated that the Si/Al ratio was higher with the acid treated sample. The acid treatment promoted dealumination of the zeolite and increased overall surface area, whereas the carbon coating re-aluminated the zeolite while adding silica back to the main molecular framework, thus increasing crystallinity and thermal stability and further improving the high surface area produced by the acid treatment.展开更多
The critical parameters of electron beam to cure the epoxy resin E-44 were studied. The initiating efficiency of every photoinitiator increases with the increase of the absorbed dose. Diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantim...The critical parameters of electron beam to cure the epoxy resin E-44 were studied. The initiating efficiency of every photoinitiator increases with the increase of the absorbed dose. Diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate being the photoinitiator has a higher initiating efficiency, whose optimal quantity is 3%. The curing degree of the system is improved continuously with the increments of the photoinitiator content when the absorbed dose and the dose rate are fixed. The curing degree increases with raising dose rate obviously when the absorbed dose are fixed.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40973073,40830744)Project of Leading Disciplinary Studies in Shanghai(No.S30109)+1 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-year-plan of China(No.2008BAC32B03,2009BAA24B04)Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.09ZR1411300)
文摘Thiamphenicol(THA) and florfenicol(FLO) aqueous solutions were irradiated to different doses by 1 MeV electron beams,and redox reactions of THA/FLO and radicals of OH,e_(eq)^- and ~·H were investigated under various conditions.The results showed that at 8 kGy,the decomposition rate of THA and FLO was 97.2%and 98.5%, respectively.Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that OH played a key role in E-beam degradation of the THA and FLO in aqueous solutions,and e_(eq)^- and ~·H radicals could initiate the degradation,too.Seven primary products of the THA and FLO degradation were identified.These indicate that E-beam radiation is an effective method to reduce THA and FLO in aqueous solutions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830744 and 40973073)National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-year Plan of China (No.2008BAC32B03)+2 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No.S30109)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 09ZR1411300A.10-0111-07-003)
文摘To investigate the influence of radiolysis on kinetics and factors of dimethyl phthalate(DMP),the aqueous DMP solution is degraded by 1.8 MeV E-beam,following pseudo-first-order kinetics.The rate constant of DMP degradation decreased exponentially with increasing initial DMP concentration.The DMP is favorably degraded by radical scavengers under its low concentration and alkaline condition.At high doses,the DMP is attacked by eaq-and ·OH,producing monomethyl phthalate,phthalate acid,and a series of aliphatic carboxylic acids,which are completelymineralized into H2O and CO2.
基金Supported byNational Natural Science Foundation ofChina(Nos 40973073,40830744,11025526,11175112)National Key TechnologyR&D Programinthe 11th Five-year Plan of China(No.2009BAA24B04)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.S30109)
文摘E-beam degradation of bisphenol A(BPA) was carried out,under reductive condition of ethanol-water solution and oxidative condition of acetonitrile-water solution.The degradation efficiency is higher in oxidative condition than that in reductive condition,and increases with the dose but decreased with increasing initial concentration.The BPA radiolysis follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics.Adding H_2O_2,or neutral condition,does not benefit BPA degradation in oxidative conditions.Pulsed radiolysis was used to investigate mechanism of the BPA radiolysis.The rate constant for BPA reaction with OH(1.85×10^(10) L·mor^(-1)·s^(-1)) is about an order of magnitude higher than that with e_(aq)^-(1.80×l0~9 L·mor^(-1)·s^(-1)).The degradation products were analyzed by ion chromatograph.Smaller molecules such as formic acid and acetic acid were detected,indicating that ^-OH attacks the BPA molecule.The work is of significance for the practical E-beam treatment of waste water containing BPA.
文摘Layered Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices with an InO_x/SiN_u/36°YX LiTaO_3 structure were investigated for sensing low concentrations of hydrogen (H_2) and ozone (O_3) at different operating temperatures.The sensor consists of a 1μm thick silicon nitride (SiN_y) intermediate layer deposited by electron beam evaporation on a 36°Y-cut X-propagating piezoelectric lithium tantalate (LiTaO_3) substrate and a 100 nm thin indium oxide (InO_x) sensing layer deposited by R.F.magnetron sputtering.The device fabrication is described and the performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of response magnitude as a function of operating temperature.Large frequency shifts of 360 kHz for 600μg/g of H_2 and 92 kHz for 40 ng/g O_3 were recorded.In addition,the surface morphology of the deposited films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the chemical composition by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to correlate gas-sensing behavior to structural characteristics of the thin film.
文摘Thermionic electron beam is a fundamental part of all types of linear accelerators around the world in the field of Experimental High Energy Physics. Thermionic beam is very inexpensive and simple to produce. In this work, we give an overview of generation, design and applications of the electron beam with particular reference to e-beam generation at high energy linear accelerators. Experimental data are presented in tabular form for ready reference. We also make an evaluation of these high energy sources with our in-house designed e-beam gun. Finally, a comparison has been presented in terms of characteristic parameters of all these high performance sources.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the fact that the authors practise fraud. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry treats all unethical behavior seriously. This paper published in Vol. 4 No. 10 194-202, 2014 has been removed from this site. ? Title: Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film ? Authors: Golam Saklayen, Shahinul Islam, Ferdous Rahman, Abu Bakar
文摘TiO2 thin films were prepared with Ti2O3, Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, by electron-beam evaporation deposition, using O^2- ion beam （ O2 purity up to 99.99% ） as auxiliary means. The crystal structures of the samples were inspected by the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method, and the evaporation character of warious raw materials was analyzed. Transmittance spectra were measured through a U-3310 spectrophotometer （ wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm）. The refractive index n and the thickness of films were determined from transmission spectra. The experimental results show that the thin films taking Ti2O3 as their raw material have a strong absorption, when taking Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, the thin films would have good optical properties. The experiments also show that, the crystal structure of all thin films is amorphous before post-annealing and the Ti3O5 is a congruent evaporation phase in the Ti-O system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91321310,11274156,11474152,11474153,61521001,and 11504165)the State Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2011CB922104 and 2011CBA00205)
文摘We fabricate high-quality A1/A1Ox/A1 junctions using improved bridge and bridge-free techniques at 30-keV e-beam voltage,in which the length of undercut and the size of junction can be well controlled by the pre-exposure technique.The dose window is 5 times as large as that used in the usual Dolan bridge technique,making this technique much more robust.Similar results,comparable with those achieved using a 100-keV e-beam writer,are obtained,which indicate that the 30-keV e-beam writer could be an economic choice for the superconducting qubit fabrication.
文摘α- and β-chitosan with molecular weight of 190,000 and 800,000 respectively, were depolymerized by e-beam irradiation with various doses. The radiation yield of scission (Gs) and degradation rate of the chitosans were identified. The synergistic chemical degradation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is more effective at lower doses. Mw of β-chitosan was dramatically decreased from 800,000 to 21,030 at the irradiation dose 5 kGy, on the other hand, that of α-chitosan was decreased much more gradually from 190,000 to 36,000. The values of Gs at 10 kGy in the solution without H2O2 and with H2O2 were respectively 6.09 × 10-5 mol/cal and 30.6 × 10-5 mol/cal for α-Chitosan, and 8.18 × 10-5 mol/cal and 43.8 × 10-5 mol/cal for β-chitosan. It was obviously effective on depolymerization by using the combination of e-beam and H2O2. α-Chitosan molecules are likely to adopt a diffuse conformation in the solution and make the different morphologies depending on the concentration.
文摘Disordered carbon particulates were deposited on the surface of natural acid treated zeolite through graphite evaporation by electron beam to improve adsorption properties of the porous material. This study focuses on the development of the new material and not on applications. The effect of acid treatment and carbon deposition on the physical properties of the natural material was investigated. The zeolites were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic methods, thermal analysis, and gas sorption analysis. Analysis revealed that the surface area and volume increased by a factor of ten after the carbon-coating was deposited onto the zeolite surface and indicated that the Si/Al ratio was higher with the acid treated sample. The acid treatment promoted dealumination of the zeolite and increased overall surface area, whereas the carbon coating re-aluminated the zeolite while adding silica back to the main molecular framework, thus increasing crystallinity and thermal stability and further improving the high surface area produced by the acid treatment.
文摘The critical parameters of electron beam to cure the epoxy resin E-44 were studied. The initiating efficiency of every photoinitiator increases with the increase of the absorbed dose. Diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate being the photoinitiator has a higher initiating efficiency, whose optimal quantity is 3%. The curing degree of the system is improved continuously with the increments of the photoinitiator content when the absorbed dose and the dose rate are fixed. The curing degree increases with raising dose rate obviously when the absorbed dose are fixed.
