Ferroptosis mechanism and Alzheimer's disease

Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms.This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evolutionarily conserved across a diverse range of living organisms.Ferroptosis is a classic regulatory mode of cell death.Extensive studies of regulatory cell death in Alzheimer’s disease have yielded increasing evidence that fe rroptosis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and recent research advances in the role of ferro ptosis in Alzheimer’s disease.Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.

GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a Brazilian population

AIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS:We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC),100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG),and 150 controls (C).Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR.CYP2E1/Pst1 genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS:No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups.However,a significant difference between CG and C was observed,due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group.The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects,and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians,while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.

The radial correlation of atomic electrons in (e,2e) reaction

We perform a research of the influence of atomic electrons correlation to some characteristics of the (e,2e) process on helium. The Hilleraas type J-matrix approach was used for numerical calculations.

Functionalized selenium nanoparticles ameliorated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through synergistically triggering PKCδ/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting CYP 2E1

Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)have been demonstrated potential for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress.Functionalized SeNPs with lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility could bring better therapeutic activity and clinical application value.Herein,this work was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Pleurotus tuber-regium polysaccharide-protein complex funtionnalized SeNPs(PTR-SeNPs)against acetaminophen(APAP)-induced oxidative injure in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6J mouse liver.Further elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism,in particular their modulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway was also performed.The results showed that PTR-SeNPs could significantly ameliorate APAP-induced oxidative injury as evidenced by a range of biochemical analysis,histopathological examination and immunoblotting study.PTR-SeNPs could hosphorylate and activate PKCδ,depress Keap1,and increase nuclear accumulation of Nrf2,resulting in upregulation of GCLC,GCLM,HO-1 and NQO-1 expression.Besides,PTR-SeNPs suppressed the biotransformation of APAP to generate intracellular ROS through CYP 2E1 inhibition,restoring the mitochondrial morphology.Furthermore,the protective effect of PTR-SeNPs against APAP induced hepatotoxicity was weakened as Nrf2 was depleted in vivo,indicating the pivotal role of Nrf2 signaling pathway in PTR-SeNPs mediated hepatoprotective efficacy.Being a potential hepatic protectant,PTR-SeNPs could serve as a new source of selenium supplement for health-promoting and biomedical applications.

Formation of (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal by Plant Enzymes: A Review Suggests a Role in the Physiology of Plants

It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and gastric cancer in Changle,Fujian Province

AIM: Genetic polymorphism in enzymes of carcinogen metabolism has been found to have the influence on the susceptibility to cancer. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is considered to play an important role in the metabolic activation of procarcinogens such as N-nitrosoamines and low molecular weight organic compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CYP450 2E1 polymorphisms are associated with risks of gastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study in Changle county, Fujian Province, a high-risk region of gastric cancer in China. Ninety-one incident gastric cancer patients and ninety-four healthy controls were included in our study. Datas including demographic characteristics, diet intake, and alcohol and tobacco consumption of individuals in our study were completed by a standardized questionnaire.PCR-RFLP revealed three genotypes:heterozygote (C1/C2) and two homozygotes (C1/C1 and C2/C2) in CYP2E1. RESULTS: The frequency of variant genotypes (C1/C2 and C2/C2) in gastric cancer cases and controls was 36.3% and 24.5%, respectively. The rare homozygous C2/C2 genotype was found in 6 individuals in gastric cancer group(6.6%), whereas there was only one in the control group (1.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (two-tailed Fisher's exact test P=0.066). Individuals in gastric cancer group were more likely to carry genotype C1/C2 (odds ratio, OR=1.50) and C2/C2 (OR=7.34) than individuals in control group (chi(2) =4.597, for trend P=0.032). The frequencies of genotypes with the C2 allele (C1/C2 and C2/C2 genotypes) were compared with those of genotypes without C2 allele (C1/C1 genotype) among individuals in gastric cancer group and control group according to the pattern of gastric cancer risk factors. The results show that individuals who exposed to these gastric cancer risk factors and carry the C2 allele seemed to have a higher risk of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene may have some effect in the development of gastric cancer in Changle county, Fujian Province.

Promising application of a new ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement montage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a prospective cross-sectional study

Previous studies have shown that ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential recorded by the conventional“belly-tendon”montage does not accurately and completely reflect the action potential of the ulnar nerve dominating the abductor digiti minimi muscle due to the effects of far-field potentials of intrinsic hand muscles.A new method of ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement was developed in 2020,which adjusts the E2 electrode from the distal tendon of the abductor digitorum to the middle of the back of the proximal wrist.This new method may reduce the influence of the reference electrode and better reflect the actual ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential.In this prospective cross-sectional study,we included 64 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 64 age-and sex-matched controls who underwent conventional and novel ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement between April 2020 and May 2021 in Peking University Third Hospital.The compound muscle action potential waveforms recorded by the new montage were unimodal and more uniform than those recorded by traditional montage.In the controls,no significant difference in the compound muscle action potential waveforms was found between the traditional montage and new montage recordings.In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients presenting with abductor digiti minimi spontaneous activity and muscular atrophy,the amplitude of compound muscle action potential-pE2 was significantly lower than that of compound muscle action potential-dE2(P<0.01).Using the new method,damaged axons were more likely to exhibit more severe amplitude decreases than those measured with the traditional method,in particular for patients in early stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.In addition,the decline in compound muscle action potential amplitude measured by the new method was correlated with a decrease in Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores.These findings suggest that the new ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement montage reduces the effects of the reference electrode through altering the E2 electrode position,and that this method is more suitable for monitoring disease progression than the traditional montage.This method may be useful as a biomarker for longitudinal follow-up and clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

小鼠抗西方马脑炎病毒E2蛋白胞外区(E2ecto)单克隆抗体的制备

目的制备针对西方马脑炎病毒(WEEV)E2包膜糖蛋白胞外区(E2ecto)的小鼠特异性单克隆抗体(mAb)。方法构建表达WEEV E2ecto的原核表达质粒pET-28a-WEEV E2ecto,转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞后,IPTG诱导表达,主要为包涵体形式。包涵体纯化后,通过变性、复性、超滤等制备得到E2ecto蛋白;以QuickAntibody-Mouse5W为佐剂,将E2ecto蛋白肌肉免疫BALB/c小鼠,间隔21 d加强1次。免疫后35 d,取效价超过1×104的小鼠腹腔接种1次E2ecto蛋白,3 d后取小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合。通过有限稀释法筛选稳定分泌特异性mAb的杂交瘤细胞,接种小鼠腹腔后制备腹水;利用ELISA检测抗体亚型及腹水中抗体效价的水平;将真核表达质粒pCAGGS-WEEV-CE3E2E1转染BHK-21细胞,通过免疫荧光法(IFA)鉴定上述mAb的生物学活性;利用东方马脑炎病毒(EEEV)、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(VEEV)的E2ecto蛋白进行ELISA鉴定上述抗体的特异性。结果成功表达及复性获得了纯化的WEEV E2ecto蛋白;制备了3G6G10、3D7G2、3B9E8、3D5B7四株mAb,其亚型分别为IgG2c(κ)、IgM(κ)、IgM(κ)、IgG1(κ);3G6G10、3B9E8、3D7G2腹水抗体效价均为105,3D5B7达到107;该4株抗体与VEEV和EEEV等其他脑炎甲病毒无交叉反应。结论成功制备了4株特异性结合WEEVE2ecto的小鼠mAb。

Withaferin A inhibits ferroptosis and protects against intracerebral hemorrhage

Recent studies have indicated that suppressing oxidative stress and ferroptosis can considerably improve the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Withaferin A(WFA),a natural compound,exhibits a positive effect on a number of neurological diseases.However,the effects of WFA on oxidative stress and ferroptosis-mediated signaling pathways to ICH remain unknown.In this study,we investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism for WFA in the regulation of ICH-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis.We established a mouse model of ICH by injection of autologous tail artery blood into the caudate nucleus and an in vitro cell model of hemin-induced ICH.WFA was injected intracerebroventricularly at 0.1,1 or 5μg/kg once daily for 7 days,starting immediately after ICH operation.WFA markedly reduced brain tissue injury and iron deposition and improved neurological function in a dose-dependent manner 7 days after cerebral hemorrhage.Through in vitro experiments,cell viability test showed that WFA protected SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against hemin-induced cell injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in vitro and in vivo showed that WFA markedly decreased the level of malondialdehyde,an oxidative stress marker,and increased the activities of anti-oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase after ICH.Western blot assay,quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that WFA activated the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling axis,promoted translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to nucleus,and increased HO-1 expression.Silencing Nrf2 with siRNA completely reversed HO-1 expression,oxidative stress and protective effects of WFA.Furthermore,WFA reduced hemin-induced ferroptosis.However,after treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor,the neuroprotective effects of WFA against hemin-induced ferroptosis were weakened.MTT test results showed that WFA combined with ferrostatin-1 reduced hemin-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell injury.Our findings reveal that WFA treatment alleviated ICH injury-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,which may highlight a potential role of WFA for the treatment of ICH.

Polarization effect in(e,2e) reaction process for Ar(3s) in coplanar asymmetric geometry

The （e, 2e） triple differential cross sections （TDCSs） of Ar （3s） are calculated by using distorted-wave Born approx- imation under coplanar asymmetric geometry. The incident electron energy is 113.5 eV, and the scattering electron angle 01 is -15~. The ejected electron energy is set at 10 eV, 7.5 eV, 5 eV, and 2 eV, respectively. The polarization effects have been discussed and the polarization potential Vpol changing from a second-order to a fourth-order term has been analyzed. Our calculated TDCSs have been compared with reported experimental and theoretical results, and the calculated TDCSs of polarization potential up to the fourth order could give a good fit with experimental results in the binary region, but fail to predict the correct recoil-to-binary ratio in most cases.

Investigating the Genetic Bases of Growth Regulation by E2F3 in Dwarf Surf Clams Mulinia lateralis

Bivalve aquaculture plays a crucial role in the aquaculture industry due to the economic value of many bivalve species.Understanding the underlying genetic basis of bivalve growth regulation is essential for enhancing germplasm innovation and ensuring sustainable development of the industry.Though numerous candidate genes have been identified,their functional validation remains challenging.Fortunately,the dwarf surf clam(Mulinia lateralis)serves as a promising model organism for investigating genetic mechanisms underlying growth regulation in bivalves.The GWAS study in the Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)has pinpointed the E2F3 gene as a key regulator of growth-related traits.However,the specific role of E2F3 in bivalve growth remains unclear.This study aimed to further confirm the regulatory function of the E2F3 gene in the dwarf surf clam through RNA interference experiments.Our results revealed several genes are associated with individual growth and development,including CTS7,HSP70B2,and PGLYRP3,as well as genes involved in lipid metabolism such as FABP2 and FASN.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that E2F3 primarily modulates critical processes like amino acid and lipid metabolism.These findings suggest that E2F3 likely regulates growth in the dwarf surf clam by influencing amino acid and lipid metabolism.Overall,this study advances our understanding on the function of E2F3 gene in growth regulation in bivalves,providing valuable insights for future research in this field.

“3S2E”管理护理在心力衰竭患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨“3S2E”管理护理在心力衰竭患者护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年12月1日~2022年12月1日收治的154例心力衰竭患者为研究对象,采取随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各77例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施“3S2E”管理护理;比较两组干预前后负性情绪[采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、自我感受负担[采用自我感受负担量表(SPBS)]、生活质量[采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)]和不良事件发生率。结果:干预后,两组SAS、SDS、SPBS评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组GQOLI-74评分高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:将“3S2E”管理护理应用于心力衰竭患者中,不仅能有效缓解患者负性情绪,减轻自我感受负担,还能够提升其生活质量,减少不良事件的发生。

The role of antioxidants and pro-oxidants in colon cancer

This review focuses on the roles antioxidants and prooxidants in colorectal cancer(CRC).Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors play key roles in the incidence of sporadic CRC.If pro-oxidant factors play an etiological role in CRC it is reasonable to expect causal interconnections between the wellcharacterized risk factors for CRC,oxidative stress and genotoxicity.Cigarette smoking,a high dietary consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol intake are all associated with increased CRC risk.These risk factors are all pro-oxidant stressors and their connections to oxidative stress,the intestinal microbiome,intestinal microfold cells,cyclooxygenase-2 and CRCare detailed in this review.While a strong case can be made for pro-oxidant stressors in causing CRC,the role of food antioxidants in preventing CRC is less certain.It is clear that not every micronutrient with antioxidant activity can prevent CRC.It is plausible,however,that the optimal food antioxidants for preventing CRC have not yet been critically evaluated.Increasing evidence suggests that RRR-gamma-tocopherol(the primary dietary form of vitamin E)or other"non-alpha-tocopherol"forms of vitamin E(e.g.,tocotrienols)might be effective.Aspirin is an antioxidant and its consumption is linked to a decreased risk of CRC.

MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒多拷贝M2e蛋白单克隆抗体的制备

为制备H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)多拷贝M2e蛋白单克隆抗体,试验将纯化的3M2e重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠;取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,采用间接ELISA筛选出分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;将获得的杂交瘤细胞株腹腔注射BALB/c小鼠制备腹水;采用间接ELISA测定腹水效价,鼠源单克隆抗体亚类鉴定试剂盒检测单克隆抗体腹水,三株单克隆抗体重链亚型均为IgG1;Westernblot鉴定单克隆抗体的特异性;使用IFA鉴定3M2e蛋白在Sf9细胞的表达和检测H9N2亚型AIV在MDCK细胞的感染。结果显示:获得了3株分泌多拷贝M2e抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4C7-B11、4E10-A10和5A12-B5;获得腹水的效价均为1∶1000000;三株单克隆抗体重链亚型均为IgG1;Westernblot鉴定三株单克隆抗体均能与2M2e、3M2e和4M2e原核重组蛋白及在Sf9细胞表达的3M2e发生特异性反应;IFA鉴定结果也显示三株单克隆抗体均能检测3M2e蛋白在Sf9细胞的表达,并且能检测到H9N2亚型AIV在MDCK细胞上的感染,出现特异性的绿色荧光;三株单克隆抗体重链亚型均为IgG1。研究获得了H9N2亚型AIV多拷贝M2e单克隆抗体,可用于Westernblot和IFA鉴定,为靶向M2e蛋白H9N2亚型禽流感疫苗的研究提供特异性的检测工具。

CYP2E1稳定高表达肝细胞系的构建及其在药物性肝损伤活性筛选模型中的应用

药物性肝损伤是临床常见且严重的药物不良反应之一,对乙酰氨基酚是临床常用的解热镇痛药,是引起药物性肝损伤的常见因素.肝微粒体酶细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)在对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝细胞损伤中发挥了重要作用.由于体外培养的肝细胞系几乎不表达微粒体酶CYP2E1,采用CYP2E1-慢病毒转染人肝癌细胞系HepG2构建了稳定高表达CYP2E1基因的肝细胞系,利用该细胞系建立了对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝细胞损伤体外筛选模型,并对实验室从中药香附中提取得到24个天然产物进行了活性筛选,发现了8个具有潜在体外抗药物性肝损伤活性的天然化合物.本研究为药物性肝损伤提供了合适的体外筛选模型,活性筛选结果也为传统中药香附的研究与开发提供了理论依据.

甲状腺癌患者血清miR-302e、MYCBP2及B7-H3表达水平与临床分期和预后的相关性研究

目的甲状腺癌(TC)患者血清微小RNA-302e(miR-302e),MYC结合蛋白2(MYCBP2)及共刺激分子(B7-H3)表达水平与临床分期和预后的相关性研究。方法选取本院2018年7月至2020年7月期间接诊的138例TC患者作为疾病组,同期选取138例进行体检的健康者作为对照组。根据对患者随访3年的结果,将疾病组分为预后不良组(n=20)和预后良好组(n=118)。采用qRT-PCR法检测血清miR-302e、MYCBP2水平,ELISA法检测血清B7-H3水平;TargetScanHuman网站预测miR-302e与MYCBP2的靶向关系;运用ROC曲线分析血清miR-302e,MYCBP2,B7-H3对TC患者预后的预测价值。结果与对照组(1.05±0.23、1.03±0.22、28.46±4.18μg/L)相比,疾病组血清miR-302e(1.78±0.40),B7-H3(34.33±5.94μg/L)水平明显升高,血清MYCBP2(0.82±0.15)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(t=18.586,9.265,9.494,P<0.05);与临床分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者(1.65±0.37、0.90±0.15、32.68±3.29μg/L)相比,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者血清miR-302e(2.16±0.48),B7-H3(39.20±4.08μg/L)水平明显升高,血清MYCBP2(0.58±0.14)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(t=6.511,9.510,11.084,P<0.05);预后不良组临床分期Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期占比、淋巴结转移占比、血清miR-302e(2.16±0.45),B7-H3水平(43.26±6.85μg/L)显著高于预后良好组,血清MYCBP2(0.58±0.11)低于预后良好组(1.72±0.39、0.86±0.16、32.82±5.79μg/L),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.954,24.620,t=4.561,7.519,7.257,P<0.05);MYCBP2与miR-302e可能有靶向关系,且经Pearson相关性分析,MYCBP2与miR-302e呈负相关性(r=-0.513,P<0.001);血清miR-302e,MYCBP2,B7-H3、临床分期、淋巴结转移是TC患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05);血清miR-302e,MYCBP2,B7-H3联合预测TC患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.975,优于各自单独预测(Z_(联合vs miR-302e)=2.448、Z_(联合vs MYCBP2)=3.024、Z_(联合vs B7-H3)=2.133,P=0.014、0.003、0.033)。结论TC患者血清miR-302e,B7-H3水平明显升高,血清MYCBP2明显降低,与患者临床分期及预后密切相关,3项联合检测对患者预后有更高的预测价值。

脂肪酸类天然产物2E,4E-癸二烯酸对烟草根际微生物群落的影响

【目的】脂肪酸类化合物2E,4E-癸二烯酸(2E,4E-decadienoic acid,DDA)为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)Tpb55与棘孢木霉(Trichodermaasperellum)HG1共培养发酵产物,对疫霉具有特异性抑制作用。论文旨在评价DDA防治烟草疫霉(Phytophthoranicotianae)引起的烟草黑胫病的效果及其对根际土壤微生物群落的影响,为该类天然产物在植物疫霉病害防治上的应用提供依据。【方法】通过温室盆栽试验测定DDA对烟草黑胫病的防治效果,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测处理后根际土壤中烟草疫霉DNA拷贝数,利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序分析烟草根际土壤细菌、真菌和卵菌群落结构,基于冗余分析和Mantel检验研究土壤养分因子与微生物群落结构的相关性。【结果】与对照(0.5%DMSO)处理相比,1.25 g·L-1的DDA溶液灌根处理组烟草黑胫病病情指数和烟草根际烟草疫霉DNA拷贝数分别降低77.06%和84.35%,土壤pH由6.72增至6.82,电导率增加102.11%,有机质含量则降低13.05%。DDA灌根处理对烟草根际土壤真菌和细菌多样性和丰富度无显著影响,但卵菌的OTU水平、香农指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数显著增加,辛普森指数显著降低。主坐标分析结果显示,DDA处理显著影响烟草根际卵菌群落结构(r=0.667,P=0.028),对真菌(r=0.259,P=0.305)和细菌(r=0.593,P=0.098)则无显著影响。DDA处理组烟草根际土壤Phycicoccus、地杆菌属等革兰氏阳性细菌菌属的相对丰度显著增加,德沃斯氏菌属、鲍特氏菌属、假黄单胞菌属等革兰氏阴性细菌菌属丰度显著降低,曲霉属、Albifimbria、Arcopilus、树粉孢属等植物有益真菌菌属得到显著富集,疫霉属相对丰度显著下降、腐霉属丰度显著上升。Mantel检验结果表明,施用DDA引起的土壤理化性质变化对根际微生物群落无显著影响。【结论】2E,4E-癸二烯酸(DDA)作为一种新型天然脂肪酸化合物,能够有效防治烟草黑胫病、降低烟草根际黑胫病菌数量,并特异性调控烟草根际卵菌群落结构,具有防治作物卵菌病害的应用潜力。

“3S2E”护理管理模式在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用

目的:探讨“3S2E”护理管理模式在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年8月1日~2022年8月31日收治的80例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者为研究对象,根据入院顺序分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组行常规护理,观察组行“3S2E”护理管理模式,由8名责任护士实施对应护理措施。比较观察组干预前,干预14 d时责任护士临床护理质量;两组营养指标[包括血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)及血红蛋白(Hb)],吞咽功能等级。结果:干预14 d时,观察组责任护士临床护理质量评分高于干预前(P<0.05,P<0.01);干预14 d时,两组TP、ALB及Hb均高于干预前(P<0.01),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组吞咽功能等级优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:“3S2E”护理管理模式可提升临床护理质量,改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能水平,保证体内营养均衡。