Laser-induced voltage effects in Ca_3Co_4O_9 thin films on tilted LaAlO_3(001) substrates grown by chemical solution deposition

Laser-induced voltage effects in c-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 thin films have been studied with samples fabricated on 10°tilted LaAIO3 （001） substrates by a simple chemical solution deposition method. An open-circuit voltage with a rise time of about 10 ns and full width at half maximum of about 28 ns is detected when the film surface is irradiated by a 308-nm laser pulse with a duration of 25 ns. Besides, opemcircuit voltage signals are also observed when the film surface is irradiated separately by the laser pulses of 532 nm and 1064 nm. The results indicate that Ca3Co4O9 thin films have a great potential application in the wide range photodetctor from the ultraviolet to near infrared regions.

KINETICS OF LASER INDUCED PYROLYTIC DEPOSITION FROM Mn_2(CO)_1.

An optical transmission method was used in-situ to measure the rate of pyrolytic deposition from Mn_2(CO)_(10) induced by a CW CO_2 laser. The effect of the laser intensity, Mn_2(CO)_(10) vapor pressure and added gases (CO, O_2 and Ar) on the deposition rate has been examined.

Annealing effect of platinum-incorporated nanowires created by focused ion/electron-beam-induced deposition

Focused ion-beam-induced deposition （FIBID） and focused electron-beam-induced deposition （FEBID） are conve- nient and useful in nanodevice fabrication. Since the deposition is from the organometallic platinum precursor, the con- ductive lines directly written by focused ion-beam （FIB） and focused electron-beam （FEB） are carbon-rich materials. We discuss an alternative approach to enhancing the platinum content and improving the conductivity of the conductive leads produced by FIBID and FEBID, namely an annealing treatment. Annealing in pure oxygen at 500 ℃ for 30 min enhances the platinum content values from ~ 18% to 30% and ~ 50% to 90% of FIBID and FEBID, respectively. Moreover, we find that thin films will be formed in the FIBID and FEBID processes. The annealing treatment is helpful to avoid the current leakage caused by these thin films. A single electron transistor is fabricated by FEBID and the current-voltage curve shows the Coulomb blockade effect.

Fabrication of micro carbon pillar by laser-induced chemical vapor deposition

Argon ion laser was used as the induced light source and ethane(C2H4) was selected as the precursor gas,in the variety ranges of laser power from 0.5 W to 4.5 W and the pressure of the precursor gas from 225×133.3 Pa to 680×133.3 Pa,the experiments of laser induced chemical vapor deposition were proceeded for fabrication of micro carbon pillar.In the experiments,the influences of power of laser and pressure of work gas on the diameter and length of micro carbon pillar were investigated,the variety on averaged growth rate of carbon pillar with the laser irradiation time and moving speed of focus was discussed.Based on experiment data,the micro carbon pillar with an aspect ratio of over 500 was built through the method of moving the focus.

Experimental study on microdeposition of the copper thin film by femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer

The morphologies of the deposited dots on the 40 nm-thick copper film by the femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer that depend on the irradiated laser fluence have been studied, and the variations of orderliness of the diameter of deposited dots on the quartz substrate and forward ablated dot on the donor substrate with increasing pulse fluence have been obtained experimentally. The experimental results show that a thinner copper film would generate larger-sized ablated dot and deposited dot at the threshold fluence for transfer. By x-ray diffraction measurement, it is demonstrated that the crystal form of the transferred copper films is unaltered and the size of the crystallites is diminished.

Stress-induced leakage current characteristics of PMOS fabricated by a new multi-deposition multi-annealing technique with full gate last process

In the process of high-k films fabrication, a novel multi deposition multi annealing （MDMA） technique is introduced to replace simple post deposition annealing. The leakage current decreases with the increase of the post deposition annealing （PDA） times. The equivalent oxide thickness （EOT） decreases when the annealing time（s） change from 1 to 2. Furthermore, the characteristics of SILC （stress-induced leakage current） for an ultra-thin SiO2/HfO2 gate dielectric stack are studied systematically. The increase of the PDA time（s） from 1 to 2 can decrease the defect and defect generation rate in the HK layer. However, increasing the PDA times to 4 and 7 may introduce too much oxygen, therefore the type of oxygen vacancy changes.

Integrated interpretation of dual frequency induced polarization measurement based on wavelet analysis and metal factor methods

In mineral exploration, the apparent resistivity and apparent frequency （or apparent polarizability） parameters of induced polarization method are commonly utilized to describe the induced polarization anomaly. When the target geology structure is significantly complicated, these parameters would fail to reflect the nature of the anomaly source, and wrong conclusions may be obtained. A wavelet approach and a metal factor method were used to comprehensively interpret the induced polarization anomaly of complex geologic bodies in the Adi Bladia mine. Db5 wavelet basis was used to conduct two-scale decomposition and reconstruction, which effectively suppress the noise interference of greenschist facies regional metamorphism and magma intrusion, making energy concentrated and boundary problem unobservable. On the basis of that, the ore-induced anomaly was effectively extracted by the metal factor method.

Laser-assisted deposition of Cu bumps for microelectronic packaging

Cu bump was transferred using a focused laser pulse for microelectronic packaging.An Nd:YAG laser pulse (maximum energy of 500 mJ;wavelength of 1064 nm;fluences of 0.4-2.1 kJ/cm2) was irradiated on a sacrificial absorption layer with copper coating.The focused laser beam induced plasma between the semi-transparent donor slide and the sacrificial layer,causing a shock wave.The shock wave pressure pushed the Cu layer and transferred material to deposit a bump on substrate.A beam-shaper was used to produce uniform pressure at the interface to reduce fragmentation of the transferred material on the substrate.The calculated shock wave pressure with respect to laser fluence was 1-3 GPa.A Cu bump of diameter of 200 μm was successfully deposited at laser fluence of 0.6 kJ/cm 2.The pressure control at the sacrificial layer using a laser pulse was critical to produce a bump with less fragmentation.The technique can be applied to forming Cu bump for an interconnecting process in electronics.

Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film

The following article has been retracted due to the fact that the authors practise fraud. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry treats all unethical behavior seriously. This paper published in Vol. 4 No. 10 194-202, 2014 has been removed from this site. ? Title: Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film ? Authors: Golam Saklayen, Shahinul Islam, Ferdous Rahman, Abu Bakar

Study on Electrodeposition of Ho-Co Alloy in Dimethylsulfoxide

Co deposition of Ho with Co was studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic deposition at room temperature. The cyclic voltammogram shows that the codeposition of Ho with Co can be attributed to induced codeposition mechanism, for the codeposition potential is more negative than the deposition potential of Co but positive than that of Ho. For the potentiostatic deposition used in Ho Co alloys preparation, the results indicate that in the range of selected concentration the potential is the main factor determining the content of Ho in Ho Co alloys, while the composition of Ho 3+ and Co 2+ in electrolyte solution has less influence. According to the analysis of X ray diffraction, EDAX, and scanning electron microscopy, uniform, compact and amorphous films on Cu can be obtained at -1 8 V (vs.SCE) in 0 165 mol·L -1 Ho(NO 3) -0 135 mol·L -1 CoCl 2 DMSO solution.

Preliminary results of in situ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the first wall diagnostics on EAST

Post-mortem methods cannot fulfill the requirement of monitoring the lifetime of the plasma facing components （PFC） and measuring the tritium inventory for the safety evaluation. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is proposed as a promising method for the in situ study of fuel retention and impurity deposition in a tokamak. In this study, an in situ LIBS system was successfully established on EAST to investigate fuel retention and impurity deposition on the first wall without the need of removal tiles between plasma discharges. Spectral lines of D, H and impurities （Mo, Li, Si ） in laser-induced plasma were observed and identified within the wavelength range of 500-700 nm. Qualitative measurements such as thickness of the deposition layers, element depth profile and fuel retention on the wall are obtained by means of in situ LIBS. The results demonstrated the potential applications of LIBS for in situ characterization of fuel retention and co-deposition on the first wall of EAST.

Applications of Natural Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Defects in Quartz to Exploration in Sedimentary Basins

Quartz grains in contact with uranium-bearing minerals or fluids are characterized by natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects （e. g. , oxygen vacancy centers, silicon vacancy centers, and peroxy radicals）, which are amenable to study by electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） spectroscopy. These natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects, except for the oxygen vacancy centers, in quartz are concentrated in narrow bands penetrated by α particles： （1） in halos around U- and Th-bearing mineral inclusions and （2） in outer rims or along fractures. The second type of occurrence provides information about uranium mineralization or remobilization （i. e. , sources of uranium, timing of mineralization or remobilization, pathways of uranium-bearing fluids）. It can also be used to evaluate sedimentary basins for potential of uranium mineralization. In particular, the peroxy radicals are stable up to 800℃ and, therefore, are useful for evaluating metasedimentary rocks （e. g. , Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary sequences in the central zone of the North China craton）. EPR study of the Changcheng Series can focus on quartz from the sediment-basement unconformity and faults to determine the presence and types of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects, with which to identify and prioritize uranium anomalies. Other potential applications of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in quartz include uranium-bearing hydrocarbon deposits in sedimentary basins. For example, the Junggar, Ordos, and Tarim basins in northwestern China all contain important oil and natural gas fields and are well known for elevated uranium concentrations, including economic sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, systematic studies on the distribution of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in quartz from host sedimentary sequences are expected to provide information about the migration of oil and natural gas in those basins.

离子吸附型稀土矿床的诱导成矿学研究

诱导成矿学的核心理念是针对低品位矿石、尾矿和具有成矿潜力岩石中的关键金属资源,通过人工干预手段诱导目标金属元素活化和富集,在有限的时间尺度内形成具有经济价值的可利用资源。离子吸附型稀土矿床是全球稀土资源的主要来源之一,近年来为全球提供了80%以上的中、重稀土资源供给。该类矿床的形成主要受控于内生稀土初始富集和表生风化淋积成矿两个过程,而后者对于成矿极为关键。由于我国华南地区具有适宜形成离子吸附型稀土矿床的气候条件、大量出露的花岗质岩石及风化壳,因此对该地区开展人工诱导成矿技术研发将具有重要应用前景。通过分析离子吸附型稀土矿床形成的控制因素,预计可选择具有成矿潜力的花岗岩、含稀土风化壳和低品位矿床作为主要诱导成矿对象。通过调控地形地貌、生态、水文和风化壳物理化学条件等加速风化进程,促进稀土元素释放,引导稀土元素定向迁移,并在指定位置进行沉淀成矿,形成具有经济价值的富集稀土的矿体。特别是在该过程中可控制轻重稀土元素的分异,促使其形成富集重稀土的矿体,为解决全球重稀土资源紧缺和保障重稀土资源持续供给提供有效实施方案。因此,对离子吸附型矿床开展诱导成矿学研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,可作为诱导成矿学的重点研究方向之一。

Lithium-induced graphene layer containing Li_(3)P alloy phase to achieve ultra-stable electrode interface for lithium metal anode

Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite will lead to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability,which hinders the commercialization of lithium metal batteries.Herein,a novel modified lithium anode with reduced graphene oxide conductive network containing trace lithiophilic phosphorus(P-rGO/Cu)is prepared by electrospraying technique combined with heat treatment process.The rGO layer has a concave and undulating conductive structure,which can significantly improve the effective electrical contact between lithium metal and the current collector,speed up the kinetics of interfacial electron transport and reaction,and improve the resistance of the negative electrode to the internal stress caused by volume change of the lithium,which is advantageous for the stability of the SEI film.The extremely small and uniformly distributed red phosphorus element avoids the volume change caused by lithiation to the maximum extent.Lithiophilic two-phase compound Li_(3)P obtained by alloying P with Li can directionally induce the homogeneous nucleation and dense deposition of lithium metal,address the issue of lithium dendrites and extend the cycle life of the batteries.The obtained P-rGO/Cu exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98%at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2) for 400 cycles,and the capacity retention rate of the full cell matched with lithium iron phosphate(LFP)is 83%after 400 cycles at 1C.

湖相重力流沉积主控因素与分类方案研究进展

深水重力流沉积是当前全球油气的勘探热点。近三十年来,在湖相重力流的沉积特征、主控因素及沉积模式等方面均取得了丰硕成果。然而,由于陆相沉积盆地构造复杂、重力流类型发育多样,湖相重力流分类研究仍存在欠缺。本文通过系统梳理重力流发展历程与研究热点,总结了一套基于沉积成因和主控因素的湖相重力流沉积分类方案,并将湖相重力流的研究热点概括为以下3个方面:1)重力流主控因素研究:不同类型盆地的湖相重力流沉积特征和沉积模式差异性明显,主要受盆内因素和盆外因素控制,盆内因素主要包括盆地类型(如地形坡度)、沉降速率、水体密度等,盆外因素主要包括沉积物的成分和来源。2)“源-汇”系统下的重力流砂体分布:湖相重力流的形成演化和砂体分布样式通常受控于“源-渠-汇”系统,该系统能够将盆内因素与盆外因素很好地联系起来。3)湖相重力流分类:陆相湖盆相较海相盆地具有规模较小、水体较浅、构造活动强烈等特点,导致重力流沉积的控制因素与沉积特征多样、分类复杂。基于不同研究目的,可按沉积成因、发育位置或物源供给进行分类,但湖相重力流的分类方案尚未统一。本文综合考虑重力流成因机制与主控因素,将湖相重力流分为3大类7亚类,具体包括洪水型(缓坡富砂型、缓坡砂泥混合型、缓坡富泥型、陡坡富砂型、陡坡砂泥混合型)、滑塌型(挠曲滑塌型、断控滑塌型)以及洪水-滑塌共存型。目前,湖相重力流的研究成果已十分丰富,但在流体、流态转化和深水水道成因机制上仍存在很大进步空间,综合动力学和沉积学交叉领域探究湖相重力流的形成演化与成因机理研究已成为当前的研究热点和发展趋势。

基于电沉积富集-LIBS的水中Cd元素高灵敏稳定测量研究

针对水体痕量Cd元素的高灵敏稳定检测,基于Al片电沉积富集(ED)结合激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)检测的ED-LIBS水中Cd分析方法,实验研究了富集时间、富集电压、导电溶质KCl浓度以及电极表面砂纸打磨对Cd元素富集结果的影响。结果表明,经砂纸打磨Al片电沉积富集后,Cd元素富集稳定性得到提升,同时优化确定的富集电压、富集时间和KCl浓度分别为−2.4 V、1200 s和2 g/L。利用该方法,Cd元素检测限和相对标准偏差分别为0.0021 mg/L和3.30%,满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》指标检测需求,为水体中痕量Cd元素的高灵敏稳定分析提供了有力的检测手段。

激电效应对AMT正演的影响及其在砂岩型铀矿中的数值模拟

音频大地电磁测深法应用比较广泛,已成为固体矿产深部地球物理探测的主要方法之一,但在处理解释中,往往只考虑电磁效应,忽略了激电效应,这与实际地质情况不相符。本文在实现带激电效应的二维音频大地电磁有限元正演基础上,模拟了激电效应各参数对二维正演响应的影响大小及规律,同时对二连盆地砂岩型铀矿的地电模型进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:①基于Cole-Cole模型实现的带激电效应二维AMT正演,随着极化率、频率相关系数及时间常数取值的增加,主要降低二维正演视电阻率异常响应值,增大阻抗相位异常响应值,这对探测低阻目标体有利,探测高阻目标体影响较大;②激电效应中的零频电阻率和极化率对二维正演响应影响较大,频率相关系数与时间常数对正演的影响大小主要取决于极化率,当极化率较大时,二者对正演响应同样具有较大的影响;③在砂岩型铀矿中,当砂体中存在浸染状及含硫化物的岩性时,较大的激电效应会对频域电磁测深法探测目标砂体产生较大影响,因此在探测前需进行正演建模,了解激电效应的影响大小。

硅钢表面诱导共沉积钴铁软磁合金

针对硅钢的耐蚀性和软磁性能的问题,提出在硅钢表面诱导共沉积制备Co-Fe软磁合金镀层的工艺。采用SEM、XRD与VSM分析镀层微观形貌、相结构及软磁性能,并研究硫酸钴浓度、沉积电流密度、pH以及酒石酸钠浓度等工艺参数对镀层微观结构以及镀层元素含量的影响。结果表明:硫酸钴浓度20 g·L^(-1),酒石酸钠浓度45 g·L^(-1),pH=8,电流密度0.3 A·cm^(-2)为最优工艺参数,且镀层形貌致密,晶粒分布均匀;各个不同工艺参数下得到镀层的相结构均为Co7Fe3,且择优取向无显著差别;当钴含量达到65.11%时,饱和磁化强度达到209 emu·g^(-1)((A·m^(2))/kg),矫顽力低于4 Oe(1 Oe=79.6 A/m),镀层具有最优的软磁性能。在pH=5的酸性溶液中,钴铁合金镀层的腐蚀电位正移了0.012 V,自腐蚀电流密度降低为2.86μA·cm^(-2),具有更好的耐蚀性能。通过对硅钢表面诱导共沉积Co-Fe软磁合金进行研究,为今后的硅钢资源防护利用提供了新思路。

湖泊沉积的灾害事件记录与识别方法:研究进展与存在问题

湖泊沉积储存有丰富的信息,常被用于指示气候变化。地震、洪水、滑坡或崩塌等自然灾害事件通常会在湖泊沉积中形成特征性的湖泊沉积扰动,可以使用湖泊地质学方法对其进行分析与识别。本文回顾了湖泊沉积研究历程,对典型自然灾害湖泊沉积特征进行系统总结,着重梳理介绍湖泊沉积中自然灾害事件识别方法。其中综合分析法集成了现阶段湖泊事件沉积识别的多种分析手段:(1)根据沉积相与异常事件沉积(EID)之间的关系判定其内源或外源成因;(2)根据对触发因素的排除,确定最可能的触发因素;(3)根据现有的识别标准,验证最可能触发因素的正确性。是目前识别湖泊扰动成因最有效的分析手段。本文还对湖泊沉积灾害事件研究的优势与不足及制约因素进行讨论,湖泊沉积具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点有助于对灾害事件进行研究,但对湖泊典型自然灾害事件沉积识别标志的建立仍然是制约湖泊异常事件沉积研究的关键。

采动裂隙缩径后端抽采气流中煤岩颗粒沉积规律研究

井孔瓦斯抽采过程中抽采气流所携带的煤岩颗粒易在采动裂隙内沉积,严重降低了井孔瓦斯抽采流量,掌握裂隙内颗粒沉积特性是提高井孔瓦斯抽采流量的重要基础。开展了含缩径的裂隙内颗粒运移沉积实验,研究了抽采气流影响下颗粒在越过缩径后的颗粒沉积床演化规律,分析了抽采气速和缩径特征参数对采动裂隙缩径后端颗粒沉积规律和抽采局部阻力的影响。结果表明:裂隙缩径后端颗粒沉积床呈现2种演化规律;当颗粒沉积床沿气流方向呈“V”形分布时,颗粒沉积床沉积高度呈现先快速增大后缓慢减小的演化规律;当颗粒沉积床沿气流方向呈“?”形的颗粒沉积床时,沉积高度呈现先缓慢增大后缓慢减小的演化规律;此外,随着裂隙内颗粒床的发展,裂隙缩径后端的局部阻力变化可分为初期稳定阶段、快速发展阶段和最终稳定阶段;初期稳定阶段演化时间随抽采气速的增大或缩径比减小而缩短;快速发展阶段演化时间随抽采气速的增大或缩径比增大而缩短。