Laser-induced voltage effects in Ca_3Co_4O_9 thin films on tilted LaAlO_3(001) substrates grown by chemical solution deposition

Laser-induced voltage effects in c-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 thin films have been studied with samples fabricated on 10°tilted LaAIO3 （001） substrates by a simple chemical solution deposition method. An open-circuit voltage with a rise time of about 10 ns and full width at half maximum of about 28 ns is detected when the film surface is irradiated by a 308-nm laser pulse with a duration of 25 ns. Besides, opemcircuit voltage signals are also observed when the film surface is irradiated separately by the laser pulses of 532 nm and 1064 nm. The results indicate that Ca3Co4O9 thin films have a great potential application in the wide range photodetctor from the ultraviolet to near infrared regions.

KINETICS OF LASER INDUCED PYROLYTIC DEPOSITION FROM Mn_2(CO)_1.

An optical transmission method was used in-situ to measure the rate of pyrolytic deposition from Mn_2(CO)_(10) induced by a CW CO_2 laser. The effect of the laser intensity, Mn_2(CO)_(10) vapor pressure and added gases (CO, O_2 and Ar) on the deposition rate has been examined.

Annealing effect of platinum-incorporated nanowires created by focused ion/electron-beam-induced deposition

Focused ion-beam-induced deposition （FIBID） and focused electron-beam-induced deposition （FEBID） are conve- nient and useful in nanodevice fabrication. Since the deposition is from the organometallic platinum precursor, the con- ductive lines directly written by focused ion-beam （FIB） and focused electron-beam （FEB） are carbon-rich materials. We discuss an alternative approach to enhancing the platinum content and improving the conductivity of the conductive leads produced by FIBID and FEBID, namely an annealing treatment. Annealing in pure oxygen at 500 ℃ for 30 min enhances the platinum content values from ~ 18% to 30% and ~ 50% to 90% of FIBID and FEBID, respectively. Moreover, we find that thin films will be formed in the FIBID and FEBID processes. The annealing treatment is helpful to avoid the current leakage caused by these thin films. A single electron transistor is fabricated by FEBID and the current-voltage curve shows the Coulomb blockade effect.

Fabrication of micro carbon pillar by laser-induced chemical vapor deposition

Argon ion laser was used as the induced light source and ethane(C2H4) was selected as the precursor gas,in the variety ranges of laser power from 0.5 W to 4.5 W and the pressure of the precursor gas from 225×133.3 Pa to 680×133.3 Pa,the experiments of laser induced chemical vapor deposition were proceeded for fabrication of micro carbon pillar.In the experiments,the influences of power of laser and pressure of work gas on the diameter and length of micro carbon pillar were investigated,the variety on averaged growth rate of carbon pillar with the laser irradiation time and moving speed of focus was discussed.Based on experiment data,the micro carbon pillar with an aspect ratio of over 500 was built through the method of moving the focus.

Experimental study on microdeposition of the copper thin film by femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer

The morphologies of the deposited dots on the 40 nm-thick copper film by the femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer that depend on the irradiated laser fluence have been studied, and the variations of orderliness of the diameter of deposited dots on the quartz substrate and forward ablated dot on the donor substrate with increasing pulse fluence have been obtained experimentally. The experimental results show that a thinner copper film would generate larger-sized ablated dot and deposited dot at the threshold fluence for transfer. By x-ray diffraction measurement, it is demonstrated that the crystal form of the transferred copper films is unaltered and the size of the crystallites is diminished.

Stress-induced leakage current characteristics of PMOS fabricated by a new multi-deposition multi-annealing technique with full gate last process

In the process of high-k films fabrication, a novel multi deposition multi annealing （MDMA） technique is introduced to replace simple post deposition annealing. The leakage current decreases with the increase of the post deposition annealing （PDA） times. The equivalent oxide thickness （EOT） decreases when the annealing time（s） change from 1 to 2. Furthermore, the characteristics of SILC （stress-induced leakage current） for an ultra-thin SiO2/HfO2 gate dielectric stack are studied systematically. The increase of the PDA time（s） from 1 to 2 can decrease the defect and defect generation rate in the HK layer. However, increasing the PDA times to 4 and 7 may introduce too much oxygen, therefore the type of oxygen vacancy changes.

Integrated interpretation of dual frequency induced polarization measurement based on wavelet analysis and metal factor methods

In mineral exploration, the apparent resistivity and apparent frequency （or apparent polarizability） parameters of induced polarization method are commonly utilized to describe the induced polarization anomaly. When the target geology structure is significantly complicated, these parameters would fail to reflect the nature of the anomaly source, and wrong conclusions may be obtained. A wavelet approach and a metal factor method were used to comprehensively interpret the induced polarization anomaly of complex geologic bodies in the Adi Bladia mine. Db5 wavelet basis was used to conduct two-scale decomposition and reconstruction, which effectively suppress the noise interference of greenschist facies regional metamorphism and magma intrusion, making energy concentrated and boundary problem unobservable. On the basis of that, the ore-induced anomaly was effectively extracted by the metal factor method.

Laser-assisted deposition of Cu bumps for microelectronic packaging

Cu bump was transferred using a focused laser pulse for microelectronic packaging.An Nd:YAG laser pulse (maximum energy of 500 mJ;wavelength of 1064 nm;fluences of 0.4-2.1 kJ/cm2) was irradiated on a sacrificial absorption layer with copper coating.The focused laser beam induced plasma between the semi-transparent donor slide and the sacrificial layer,causing a shock wave.The shock wave pressure pushed the Cu layer and transferred material to deposit a bump on substrate.A beam-shaper was used to produce uniform pressure at the interface to reduce fragmentation of the transferred material on the substrate.The calculated shock wave pressure with respect to laser fluence was 1-3 GPa.A Cu bump of diameter of 200 μm was successfully deposited at laser fluence of 0.6 kJ/cm 2.The pressure control at the sacrificial layer using a laser pulse was critical to produce a bump with less fragmentation.The technique can be applied to forming Cu bump for an interconnecting process in electronics.

Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film

The following article has been retracted due to the fact that the authors practise fraud. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry treats all unethical behavior seriously. This paper published in Vol. 4 No. 10 194-202, 2014 has been removed from this site. ? Title: Investigation on the Effect of Film Thickness on the Surface Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of E-Beam Deposited Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Film ? Authors: Golam Saklayen, Shahinul Islam, Ferdous Rahman, Abu Bakar

Study on Electrodeposition of Ho-Co Alloy in Dimethylsulfoxide

Co deposition of Ho with Co was studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic deposition at room temperature. The cyclic voltammogram shows that the codeposition of Ho with Co can be attributed to induced codeposition mechanism, for the codeposition potential is more negative than the deposition potential of Co but positive than that of Ho. For the potentiostatic deposition used in Ho Co alloys preparation, the results indicate that in the range of selected concentration the potential is the main factor determining the content of Ho in Ho Co alloys, while the composition of Ho 3+ and Co 2+ in electrolyte solution has less influence. According to the analysis of X ray diffraction, EDAX, and scanning electron microscopy, uniform, compact and amorphous films on Cu can be obtained at -1 8 V (vs.SCE) in 0 165 mol·L -1 Ho(NO 3) -0 135 mol·L -1 CoCl 2 DMSO solution.

Preliminary results of in situ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the first wall diagnostics on EAST

Post-mortem methods cannot fulfill the requirement of monitoring the lifetime of the plasma facing components （PFC） and measuring the tritium inventory for the safety evaluation. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is proposed as a promising method for the in situ study of fuel retention and impurity deposition in a tokamak. In this study, an in situ LIBS system was successfully established on EAST to investigate fuel retention and impurity deposition on the first wall without the need of removal tiles between plasma discharges. Spectral lines of D, H and impurities （Mo, Li, Si ） in laser-induced plasma were observed and identified within the wavelength range of 500-700 nm. Qualitative measurements such as thickness of the deposition layers, element depth profile and fuel retention on the wall are obtained by means of in situ LIBS. The results demonstrated the potential applications of LIBS for in situ characterization of fuel retention and co-deposition on the first wall of EAST.

Applications of Natural Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Defects in Quartz to Exploration in Sedimentary Basins

Quartz grains in contact with uranium-bearing minerals or fluids are characterized by natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects （e. g. , oxygen vacancy centers, silicon vacancy centers, and peroxy radicals）, which are amenable to study by electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） spectroscopy. These natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects, except for the oxygen vacancy centers, in quartz are concentrated in narrow bands penetrated by α particles： （1） in halos around U- and Th-bearing mineral inclusions and （2） in outer rims or along fractures. The second type of occurrence provides information about uranium mineralization or remobilization （i. e. , sources of uranium, timing of mineralization or remobilization, pathways of uranium-bearing fluids）. It can also be used to evaluate sedimentary basins for potential of uranium mineralization. In particular, the peroxy radicals are stable up to 800℃ and, therefore, are useful for evaluating metasedimentary rocks （e. g. , Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary sequences in the central zone of the North China craton）. EPR study of the Changcheng Series can focus on quartz from the sediment-basement unconformity and faults to determine the presence and types of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects, with which to identify and prioritize uranium anomalies. Other potential applications of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in quartz include uranium-bearing hydrocarbon deposits in sedimentary basins. For example, the Junggar, Ordos, and Tarim basins in northwestern China all contain important oil and natural gas fields and are well known for elevated uranium concentrations, including economic sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, systematic studies on the distribution of natural radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in quartz from host sedimentary sequences are expected to provide information about the migration of oil and natural gas in those basins.

压水堆燃料棒污垢沉积层内的多物理场耦合

燃料棒表面污垢沉积(CRUD)层的形成一直是压水堆运行中的难题。硼物质在CRUD内的浓缩导致冷却剂饱和温度升高,进而影响热质传输过程,同时增加了堆芯功率偏移(CIPS)的风险。为深入理解CRUD内的传热传质特性,基于灯芯沸腾结构开发了一个二维污垢化学模型。该模型包括沸腾传热、毛细作用流动、组分输运、化学反应和辐照分解等多物理过程,能够合理预测CRUD内的温度、速度和浓度分布。研究结果表明:考虑硼酸挥发过程的情况下,燃料包壳表面温度的预测值更接近WALT实验数据;饱和温度与硼浓缩量密切相关,随着可溶硼在燃料包壳表面浓缩,饱和温度达到峰值619.32 K;CRUD中硼以可溶硼、沉淀硼和吸附硼3种不同形态存在,其中可溶硼占主导,为98.5275%;CRUD底部的pH值显著增加,在一定温度下LiBO2的析出量由pH值决定。本文还分析了厚度、孔隙率、烟囱密度和烟囱半径等污垢几何参数对硼浓缩量和沸腾传热过程的影响,结果可为燃料棒表面污垢多物理场耦合提供一种计算框架,为堆芯轴向功率偏移的预测提供技术支持。

Typhoon events recorded in coastal lagoon deposits,southeastern Hainan Island

Coastal lagoon deposits provide evidence for the magnitude and frequency of past tropical cyclones prior to instrumental records and historical documentation.In the present study,we attempt to analyze the sedimentary records containing typhoon information for the northern South China Sea region.For this purpose,sediment cores were collected from two coastal lagoons in the southeastern Hainan Island,and were analyzed in laboratory to derive the data sets about grain size,organic and inorganic carbon contents,and deposition rates.The grain size and organic-inorganic carbon data were used to formulate the proxies of typhoon events.The deposition rates,as calculated using the CRS 210 Pb method,are around 0.5 mm/a for both lagoons,on the basis of which an age model is established.Within the cores,sedimentary layers associated with 35 typhoon events have been identified.On such a basis,a 350 year history of local typhoon activities is reconstructed by incorporating the 210 Pb dating results,typhoon-induced sedimentation patterns and the historical documents.A comparison of the frequency of typhoon occurrence with the regional climate records indicates that the observed changes in tropical cyclone activity patterns,as revealed by the lagoon sedimentary records,may be related to El Ni？o,Pacific Decadal Oscillation（PDO）,North Atlantic Oscillation（NAO）,sunspot,and other potential climate drivers that affect the tropical cyclone variability.This study demonstrates that the sedimentary record of storms can be analyzed in combination with historical documents,to provide meaningful information on past storm activities and their long-term variability.

Wave-induced flow and its influence on ridge erosion and channel deposition in Lanshayang channel of radial sand ridges

Very limited modeling studies were available of the wave-induced current under the complex hydrodynamic conditions in the South Yellow Sea Radial Sand Ridge area（SYSRSR）. Partly it is due to the difficulties in estimating the influence of the waveinduced current in this area. In this study, a coupled 3-D storm-surge-wave model is built. In this model, the time-dependent varying Collins coefficient with the water level method（TCL） are used. The wave-flow environment in the Lanshayang Channel（LSYC） during the ＂Winnie＂ typhoon is successfully represented by this model. According to the modelling results, at a high water level（HWL）, the wave-induced current similar to the long-shore current will emerge in the shallow area of the ridges, and has two different motion trends correlated with the morphological characteristics of the ridges. The wave-induced current velocity could be as strong as 1 m/s, which is at the same magnitude as the tidal current. This result is verified by the bathymetric changes in the LSYC during the ＂Matsa＂ typhoon. Thus, the wave-induced current may be one of the driven force of the ridge erosion and channel deposition in the SYSRSR. These conclusions will help to further study the mechanism of the ridge erosion and channel deposition in the SYSRSR.

A Study of Electron Beam Induced Deposition and Nano Device Fabrication Using Liquid Cell TEM Technology

SiCx nano dots and nano wires with sizes from 60 nm to approximately 2μm were fabricated using liquid cell transmission electron microscope(TEM)technology.A SiCl_(4)in CH_(2)Cl_(2)solution was sealed between two pieces of Si_(3)N_(4)window grids in an in situ TEM liquid cell.Focused 200 keV electron beams were used to bombard the sealed precursors,which caused decomposition of the precursor materials,and deposition of the nano materials on the Si_(3)N_(4)window substrates.The size of nano dots increased with beam exposure time,following an approximately exponential relationship with the beam doses.Secondary electrons are attributed as the primary sources for the Si and C reduction.A nano device was formed from a deposited nano wire,with its electrical property characterized.

离子吸附型稀土矿床的诱导成矿学研究

诱导成矿学的核心理念是针对低品位矿石、尾矿和具有成矿潜力岩石中的关键金属资源,通过人工干预手段诱导目标金属元素活化和富集,在有限的时间尺度内形成具有经济价值的可利用资源。离子吸附型稀土矿床是全球稀土资源的主要来源之一,近年来为全球提供了80%以上的中、重稀土资源供给。该类矿床的形成主要受控于内生稀土初始富集和表生风化淋积成矿两个过程,而后者对于成矿极为关键。由于我国华南地区具有适宜形成离子吸附型稀土矿床的气候条件、大量出露的花岗质岩石及风化壳,因此对该地区开展人工诱导成矿技术研发将具有重要应用前景。通过分析离子吸附型稀土矿床形成的控制因素,预计可选择具有成矿潜力的花岗岩、含稀土风化壳和低品位矿床作为主要诱导成矿对象。通过调控地形地貌、生态、水文和风化壳物理化学条件等加速风化进程,促进稀土元素释放,引导稀土元素定向迁移,并在指定位置进行沉淀成矿,形成具有经济价值的富集稀土的矿体。特别是在该过程中可控制轻重稀土元素的分异,促使其形成富集重稀土的矿体,为解决全球重稀土资源紧缺和保障重稀土资源持续供给提供有效实施方案。因此,对离子吸附型矿床开展诱导成矿学研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,可作为诱导成矿学的重点研究方向之一。

湖相重力流沉积主控因素与分类方案研究进展

深水重力流沉积是当前全球油气的勘探热点。近三十年来,在湖相重力流的沉积特征、主控因素及沉积模式等方面均取得了丰硕成果。然而,由于陆相沉积盆地构造复杂、重力流类型发育多样,湖相重力流分类研究仍存在欠缺。本文通过系统梳理重力流发展历程与研究热点,总结了一套基于沉积成因和主控因素的湖相重力流沉积分类方案,并将湖相重力流的研究热点概括为以下3个方面:1)重力流主控因素研究:不同类型盆地的湖相重力流沉积特征和沉积模式差异性明显,主要受盆内因素和盆外因素控制,盆内因素主要包括盆地类型(如地形坡度)、沉降速率、水体密度等,盆外因素主要包括沉积物的成分和来源。2)“源-汇”系统下的重力流砂体分布:湖相重力流的形成演化和砂体分布样式通常受控于“源-渠-汇”系统,该系统能够将盆内因素与盆外因素很好地联系起来。3)湖相重力流分类:陆相湖盆相较海相盆地具有规模较小、水体较浅、构造活动强烈等特点,导致重力流沉积的控制因素与沉积特征多样、分类复杂。基于不同研究目的,可按沉积成因、发育位置或物源供给进行分类,但湖相重力流的分类方案尚未统一。本文综合考虑重力流成因机制与主控因素,将湖相重力流分为3大类7亚类,具体包括洪水型(缓坡富砂型、缓坡砂泥混合型、缓坡富泥型、陡坡富砂型、陡坡砂泥混合型)、滑塌型(挠曲滑塌型、断控滑塌型)以及洪水-滑塌共存型。目前,湖相重力流的研究成果已十分丰富,但在流体、流态转化和深水水道成因机制上仍存在很大进步空间,综合动力学和沉积学交叉领域探究湖相重力流的形成演化与成因机理研究已成为当前的研究热点和发展趋势。

激电效应对AMT正演的影响及其在砂岩型铀矿中的数值模拟

音频大地电磁测深法应用比较广泛,已成为固体矿产深部地球物理探测的主要方法之一,但在处理解释中,往往只考虑电磁效应,忽略了激电效应,这与实际地质情况不相符。本文在实现带激电效应的二维音频大地电磁有限元正演基础上,模拟了激电效应各参数对二维正演响应的影响大小及规律,同时对二连盆地砂岩型铀矿的地电模型进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:①基于Cole-Cole模型实现的带激电效应二维AMT正演,随着极化率、频率相关系数及时间常数取值的增加,主要降低二维正演视电阻率异常响应值,增大阻抗相位异常响应值,这对探测低阻目标体有利,探测高阻目标体影响较大;②激电效应中的零频电阻率和极化率对二维正演响应影响较大,频率相关系数与时间常数对正演的影响大小主要取决于极化率,当极化率较大时,二者对正演响应同样具有较大的影响;③在砂岩型铀矿中,当砂体中存在浸染状及含硫化物的岩性时,较大的激电效应会对频域电磁测深法探测目标砂体产生较大影响,因此在探测前需进行正演建模,了解激电效应的影响大小。

Lithium-induced graphene layer containing Li_(3)P alloy phase to achieve ultra-stable electrode interface for lithium metal anode

Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite will lead to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability,which hinders the commercialization of lithium metal batteries.Herein,a novel modified lithium anode with reduced graphene oxide conductive network containing trace lithiophilic phosphorus(P-rGO/Cu)is prepared by electrospraying technique combined with heat treatment process.The rGO layer has a concave and undulating conductive structure,which can significantly improve the effective electrical contact between lithium metal and the current collector,speed up the kinetics of interfacial electron transport and reaction,and improve the resistance of the negative electrode to the internal stress caused by volume change of the lithium,which is advantageous for the stability of the SEI film.The extremely small and uniformly distributed red phosphorus element avoids the volume change caused by lithiation to the maximum extent.Lithiophilic two-phase compound Li_(3)P obtained by alloying P with Li can directionally induce the homogeneous nucleation and dense deposition of lithium metal,address the issue of lithium dendrites and extend the cycle life of the batteries.The obtained P-rGO/Cu exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98%at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2) for 400 cycles,and the capacity retention rate of the full cell matched with lithium iron phosphate(LFP)is 83%after 400 cycles at 1C.