Assessing Suitability of Irrigation Scheduling Decision Support Systems for Lowland Rice Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa—A Review

Irrigation in lowland rice production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is mainly based on traditional surface irrigation methods with continuous flooding practices. This irrigation method ends up using a lot more water that would have otherwise been used to open more land and be used in other water-requiring sectors. Various studies suggest Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) as an alternative practice for water management that reduces water use without significantly affecting yield. However, this practice has not been well adopted by the farmers despite its significant benefits of reduced total water use. Improving the adoption of AWD using irrigation Decision Support Systems (DSSs) helps the farmer on two fronts;to know “how much water to apply” and “when to irrigate”, which is very critical in maximizing productivity. This paper reviews the applicability of DSSs using AWD in lowland rice production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Agricultural Support Policy and Farmers' Income in China

This paper reviewed the main components and contents of agricultural support policy system in China. By using the fundamental definition and measuring method from OECD,the research studied the relation between agricultural support level and farmers' income from 2003 to 2012. The aim of the paper is to discuss the effect of agricultural support policy on farmers' income,and provide policy suggestions for the policy makers.

The Changes of Fiscal Agriculture-Supporting Expenditure and Farmers' Income Based on Grey Correlation Theory

According to the relevant data of China Statistical Yearbook and Chinese Rural Statistical Yearbook in the year of 2009,the changes of grey correlation degree of farmers' net income,various items of incomes,national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure and various items of expenditures,farmers' net income and various items of fiscal agriculture-supporting expenditure in the Eighth Five-Year Plan,Ninth Five-Year Plan and Tenth Five-Year Plan by using grey correlation degree and the by choosing seven indicators covering income from wage and salary,income from household business,transfer income and property income,agricultural production-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure,expenses of three items of agricultural technology and the fee of rural relief.The results show that the grey correlation degree of each time period and household net income shows the downward trend;from overall perspective,the grey correlation degree of national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure and agricultural production-supporting expenditure shows the descending trend;the grey correlation degree of fiscal agricultural supporting expenditure and the expenditure of three items of agricultural technology and fee of rural relief show the upward trend;the influence of agricultural production-supporting expenditure on farmers' income shows downward trend;the influence of agricultural basic construction on farmers' income shows upward trend;the fee of rural relief play an active role in the promoting the farmers' income increase;the role played by fee of rural relief in promoting farmers' income increase should be further increased;the increase of farmers' income shows great reliance on agricultural science and technology.In the end,the relevant suggestions on establishing stable increase mechanism of fiscal agricultural support and insisting on the dynamic adjustment of the structure of fiscal agricultural supporting capital are put forward.

Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations

On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.

Rural E-commerce and New Model of Rural Development in China:A Comparative Study of "Taobao Village" in Jiangsu Province

With the development of electronic commerce,there is a special phenomenon in rural areas of China that a lot of farmers in these areas depend on opening shops on Taobao online for a living. The products are made from the village workshop,and farmers become fullyfledged network businessmen. Electronic business platform mode of " Taobao Village" is the result of integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries. In this study,we take two kinds of typical Taobao villages( Dongfeng Village and Yanxia Village) as sample areas,and conduct comparative analysis of this new rural business model based on field survey data,case studies and theoretical research. We also probe into the problems in the development of Taobao villages,and set forth the recommendations for the new rural business model.

Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

Present Situation and Problems of Application of New Media in Rural E-commerce : A Case Study of Anhui Province

The application of new media technology in rural areas of China provides more convenient conditions for agricultural products publicity,transaction information dissemination and user feedback.In particular,e-commerce platform based on Internet technology provides more convenient sales channels for characteristic agricultural products.Through the research on the application of new media technology in rural areas of Anhui Province,this paper explores the actual effect of new media technology on the development of rural e-commerce.The questionnaire survey is used to understand the development status of new media in rural areas of China.They are:the development of"Internet government affairs"has begun to take shape;the official account of WeChat has shortened the time and space between the production and consumption of agricultural products.Live interaction gives full play to the powerful role of fan economy;digital media has not been widely used.Through the form of on-the-spot visits,this paper expounds the application effect of new media in the agricultural field of Anhui Province from three perspectives of the government,agricultural enterprises and farmers.It analyzes the problems existing in the application of new media in rural e-commerce in Anhui Province.They are:the new media market is still full of problems;The infrastructure construction of rural e-commerce is relatively poor;Farmers lack the guidance of professional talents;farmers' acceptance and learning ability is poor.The paper puts forward suggestions for the development status and problems of new media in rural areas of Anhui Province.They are:the provincial government should continue to promote the new media market order;all e-commerce enterprises should actively undertake social responsibility;rural e-commerce entrepreneurs should actively promote professional operation;farmers should actively change their views on new media.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Empirical Analysis on Effect of Agricultural Financial Investment on Increase of Farmers' Income

On the basis of economic data from 1978 to 2006,the co-integration theory is applied to discuss the relation between agricultural financial investment and farmers' income.The statistic AR model is obtained.Then,it makes pulse response analysis in combination with principle of pulse response analysis.The regression results show that support in agricultural production,various agricultural operating expenses and three types of costs for agricultural science and technology are favorable to farmers' income,while expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief costs hinder increase of farmers' income.The results of pulse response analysis indicate that the change in support of agricultural production and various agricultural operating expenses have positive impact on farmers' net income,and the impact is greater and greater from the second year;the response of expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief cost is positive in the beginning and starts to fluctuate from the third year;the pulse response of three types of costs for agricultural science and technology is negative,lasts about five periods,and then turns to positive impact.Finally,combining characteristics of China's financial support for agriculture,it concludes that the scale,proportion and structure of financial support for agriculture are quite improper.

基于乡村振兴的高素质农民培育政策支持体系研究

在全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略的过程中,目前农村地区发展还面临许多挑战。其中,高素质农民培育是乡村人才振兴的重要抓手,能够最大限度地推动农村经济的发展,显著提升农民的收入水平,然而在具体培育过程中还存在政府资金投入不足、培育内容与生产生活脱节、农民培训管理机制不健全等问题和制约因素。只有解决好这些问题,才能最大限度地推动高素质农民培育工作。基于此,在阐述高素质农民培育的内涵和重要意义、分析高素质农民培育过程中存在的问题及原因的基础上,系统提出了相应的政策支持体系建设对策,以期为促进高素质农民培育工作提供重要参考。

“三农”领域高校智库建设现状及发展路径探析

“三农”领域高校智库在“三农”问题分析、决策拟定及政策工具弥补纠正等方面发挥着重要作用。为促进中国“三农”领域学术研究与智库研究有效对接,分析相关高校智库建设现状,总结其发展行为、运行机制、成果水平等方面及特点。研究发现,中国“三农”领域的高校智库建设主要依托一批专业化的研究团队和学术机构,在“三农”领域智库中数量占比最高且呈现快速增长趋势,并表现出强烈的地域性特征,在推动农业产业高质量发展方面发挥重要作用;但面临着服务乡村振兴的激励有限、协同合作能力有限、农业生产活动复杂性与农村调查公益性、成果实效水平不高和政策转化力度不够、资源及资金投入缺乏多元化与灵活性等困境。针对此,提出发挥涉农学科优势、推动成果评价制度改革、营造良好生态体系、畅通资政服务渠道、打造政产学研联盟共同体、构建“旋转门”机制、与新农村发展研究院协同建设等对策建议,以期对“三农”领域高校智库体系的建设与转型升级有所裨益,更好地满足新时期全面推进乡村振兴战略的智力需求。

乡村振兴背景下电商助农产学研用协同创新机制研究

聚焦产学研用协同创新联盟,构建电商平台、学研机构和农户三方协同创新的演化博弈模型,结合系统动力学对系统初始策略与外部变量进行仿真分析。研究结果表明,电商助农产学研用联盟中各参与主体终将选择协同创新和提供优质农产品;政府补贴可以促使协同创新系统演化至稳定状态;适当提高违约罚金可引导各主体参与协同创新;学研机构可以通过增强自身研发成果转化能力,以提高电商平台和自身参与协同创新的积极性。基于此,提出各方参与协同创新的策略建议,以期为提高电商助农产学研用协同创新效率、促进协同创新可持续发展提供理论指导和决策参考。

直播带货助农模式在乡村振兴中的应用探究

数字乡村建设背景下,当前直播带货助农已经成为推动三农发展的新举措、新方式。直播带货助农模式有助于转为主动营销形式,巩固脱贫攻坚成果,传递绿色生态理念,实现乡村振兴战略目标。因此,应认知直播带货助农的内涵和优势,通过保障农产品质量,树立品牌形象、注重直播过程管理,提升运营能力、完善助农供应链,加强信息化建设、规范直播带货行业,构建监督机制、培养网络直播人才,提高直播质量等策略,规范直播带货助农模式,拓展农副产品的营销路径。

检察机关支持农村集体经济起诉制度探究

中国式检察机关支持起诉制度对于保障农村集体经济组织及其成员权益具有重要意义。仅具备框架性的法律依据,是导致农村集体经济领域支持起诉制度适用不足、效果不彰的根源。应从顶层设计完善民事诉讼法,明确支持起诉制度中检察机关的诉讼地位,细化诉讼规则。具体路径为:(1)明确支持起诉中检察机关定性限度;(2)完善支持起诉方式;(3)改变支持起诉启动模式;(4)支持起诉制度衔接相关法律,构建“诉前支持、诉中参与、诉后监督”的三阶递进民事支持体系。

社会帮扶对脱贫农民生计发展内生动力的影响机制——感知社会支持和知识吸收的中介作用

基于脱贫摘帽地区586份调查数据,从心理动力场理论视角研究社会帮扶对脱贫农民生计发展内生动力的影响,考察感知社会支持和知识吸收的中介作用,及其与主动性人格的中介效应。研究表明:社会帮扶对激发脱贫农民主动性人格、生计发展自我效能感有显著正向影响;在感知社会支持和知识吸收的中介作用下,主动性人格在社会帮扶与生计发展自我效能感之间的中介效应不显著,但感知社会支持与知识吸收在社会帮扶对主动性人格、生计发展自我效能感的影响中均起着完全中介作用,而且,感知社会支持和主动性人格、知识吸收和主动性人格在社会帮扶对生计发展自我效能感的影响中具有链式中介作用。研究结果进一步深化了社会帮扶与脱贫农民生计发展内生动力之间关系的认识,拓展了二者作用关系的边界条件,丰富了内生动力机制的理论研究,对增强脱贫群众生计发展内生动力具有重要启示意义。

水库移民后扶产业联农带农效果及优化路径研究——以Q省为例

基于Q省大中型水库移民后期扶持产业项目的调查发现,产业项目在一定程度上起到助农增收、带动就业等作用,但在联农带农方面仍面临着新型农业经营主体发育不足,联农带农水平较低,移民增值收益不显著,后扶产业持续发展能力弱和移民增收渠道不稳定等挑战。为了实现移民高质量发展,更好地发挥产业项目联农带农的效果,需从新型农业经营主体培育、产业深度融合以及产业可持续发展能力提升等方面入手。

乡村振兴战略下农村电商直播扶残助农实践研究

深入探讨乡村振兴战略下农村电商直播在扶残助农方面的实践,有助于突出其在推动乡村振兴、促进残疾人就业方面的重要性。问卷调研结果表明,农村电商直播不仅拓宽了农产品的销售渠道,提升了农民的收入,还为残疾人提供了新的就业机会,帮助其实现自我价值,研究结果为理解农村电商直播在扶残助农领域的现状提供了有价值的洞察,为未来相关政策的制定与实践探索提供了参考。

产业帮扶政策对低收入农户生计策略与收入的影响——以安徽省凤阳县为例

低收入农户提高生计能力与收入是中国减贫方案的核心要务。文章以安徽省凤阳县9镇18村342户农村低收入群体的入户调查数据,运用Probit模型模拟对低收入农户的生计策略选择,并根据其具体收入情况,解读产业帮扶政策对家庭收入的影响,以期对我国产业帮扶政策的实施提供有益借鉴。

Preliminary Study on Effects of the Model of Community-supported Agriculture(CSA) on Urban-rural Income Gap in China

The urban-rural income gap is widening,which has become a bottleneck restricting China＇s economic and social development.It is the current outstanding problems in the harmonious development of the society.Community Supported Agriculture（CSA） is one of the most important forms of sustainable agriculture and it has received the attention in recent years.This paper first introduces the rise and development of CSA in China,and discuss the impact of CSA on urban-rural income gap in China preliminarily in order to provide ideas for improving the farmers＇ income and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.