Price Masking Strategy of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Financing

E-commerce platform financing is a new service pattern of supply chain finance.However,this pattern may bring some new issues when considering the problem of cash flow shortage and financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.When enterprises use this service,they worry about the leakage of preferential wholesale price when applying the full loan amount and providing the true transaction information.Based on the model consisting of a supplier,a retailer and a cross-border e-commerce platform,the authors design a price masking strategy to prevent the retailer’s preferential wholesale price information from leakage.The authors analyze the profit of the retailer and the platform before and after adopting the price masking strategy.The authors find that the price masking strategy always benefits the retailer.Besides,the optimal profit of the retailer and the platform are both affected by the loan interest rate.Moreover,there exists a range of loan interest rates that can benefit both the retailer and the platform if the price masking strategy is adopted.The research emphasizes that platform can expand the total business volume by allowing retailers to use price masking strategy.In other words,there will be more and more retailers attracted by the strategy,which benefits the long-term growth of cross-border e-commerce platform financing.

Dynamic Pricing Model of E-Commerce Platforms Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology,its application field has gradually expanded.To further apply the deep reinforcement learning technology to the field of dynamic pricing,we build an intelligent dynamic pricing system,introduce the reinforcement learning technology related to dynamic pricing,and introduce existing research on the number of suppliers(single supplier and multiple suppliers),environmental models,and selection algorithms.A two-period dynamic pricing game model is designed to assess the optimal pricing strategy for e-commerce platforms under two market conditions and two consumer participation conditions.The first step is to analyze the pricing strategies of e-commerce platforms in mature markets,analyze the optimal pricing and profits of various enterprises under different strategy combinations,compare different market equilibriums and solve the Nash equilibrium.Then,assuming that all consumers are naive in the market,the pricing strategy of the duopoly e-commerce platform in emerging markets is analyzed.By comparing and analyzing the optimal pricing and total profit of each enterprise under different strategy combinations,the subgame refined Nash equilibrium is solved.Finally,assuming that the market includes all experienced consumers,the pricing strategy of the duopoly e-commerce platform in emerging markets is analyzed.

Settlement of Internal Cutthroat Competition Amid IT Group Companies:Away from “Prisoners’ Dilemma” of Price Wars

Cutthroat competition amid subsidiary companies of IT Group Company due to immanent characteristics of IT industry and grouping management mechanism infringes upon the collective profits. Two ways to avoid cutthroat competition of group company with game theory are studied： the assessment objective made by IT group company for subsidiary companies focuses on profits not revenue; the supervisory department of group company shall intensify law enforcement strength and give severe punishment against illegal depreciation of the subsidiary company.

抗战时期行政院经济会议、国家总动员会议的物价管制及其成效

全面抗战爆发后,国民政府先后建立了行政院经济会议、国家总动员会议,对审查协调、督导推动物价管制政策及其实施发挥了总揽全局的作用,并取得一定成效,但未能达到稳定物价的目的。经济会议、国家总动员会议的经济检察工作深陷权责不清、效率低下和苛扰民间的困境,未能有效抑制违反管制政策的行为。国民党战时集权政治结构和党内日益恶化的政治生态是制约物价管制成效的深层因素。

中国共产党对苏区“剪刀差”问题的阐释与应对

中国共产党进入农村开展革命斗争之后,面临着工农产品价格的“剪刀差”问题。中共一方面重视采取各种经济政策来解决苏区工业品价格上升、农产品价格下跌的问题;另一方面也注重阐释、宣传“剪刀差”现象的成因,并加强群众经济动员,降低“剪刀差”对苏区经济和农村革命的影响。总体而言,中共对于“剪刀差”问题的阐释与应对,受整体军事战争形势和根据地经济政策的影响,在三个不同阶段形成了不同的阐释与应对策略,部分地解决了革命所需的物资流通与群众动员问题,并在其中积累了处理农村工农产品价格“剪刀差”问题的经验。

生鲜农产品电商拼价销售影响小农生产经营的内在逻辑——基于陕西省A县甜瓜产业的考察

水果电商业态中的拼价销售模式在促进果品流通及提升水果消费总量方面发挥了关键作用,但该模式对小农生产经营所产生的负面效应同样值得关注。本文基于A县甜瓜产业的田野调研经验,剖析了水果电商拼价销售运营模式,并从农产品价格形成和品质控制两个维度考察生鲜水果电商拼价销售模式影响小农生产经营的内在逻辑。研究发现:一方面,从价格形成过程角度看,经过消费者比价购买、电商经营者拼价销售、供应链和代办压价收购以及果农被动受价等一系列“层层压价”环节,小农利润空间被严重压缩;另一方面,拼价电商销售模式放大了水果销售中的品控难题,电商经营者及供应链“拼价不拼质”的销售和收购策略诱发农户“重产轻质”的种植偏好,危害地域品牌发展,也进一步加剧小农的生产经营困境。鉴于水果电商拼价销售模式存在的现实问题,需要有针对性地采取应对措施维护水果电商市场秩序和保障农业生产者利益,强化农业产业的富民效应。

Comparative Analysis of the Effects of False Low-Price Marketing Strategy on Multiple Platforms

In order to make full use of the characteristics of commodity prices,merchants on e-commerce platforms have adopted the low-price marketing strategy.Regular promotional discounts can bring new vitality to the commodity sales market,but extreme discount marketing methods would lead to serious impacts on the sales of competing products,thus affecting the stable development of the online shopping market.The sales data of four electrical products using the false low-price marketing strategy on three e-commerce platforms(Taobao,JD,and Amazon)were used in this study.The sales data from different e-commerce platforms and different time periods were analyzed,and one-way ANOVA was used on the factors affecting the effect of marketing strategy.The results showed that there is a significant difference between the direct marketing of high-priced products and low-priced products on Taobao;the difference between the marketing effects of high-priced products and mid-priced products on JD and Amazon is significant.This analysis would help businesses formulate reasonable marketing strategies and promote the stable development of the online shopping market.

Pricing Decision of E-Commerce Supply Chains with Return and Online Review of Product Quality

The online review function helps consumers grasp more real product information and reduce the possibility of returning, but it may also damage firms’ reputations or profits. However, few studies considered the relationship between online reviews and consumer returns. Based on this, we develop an e-commerce supply chain(E-SC) game model consisting of a single manufacturer and a single e-platform, aiming to explore the relationship between consumer returns and online reviews and to analyze the impact on both the decision-making of E-SC members and their profits. We find that there is a negative relationship between consumer returns and online reviews of product quality, and consumer returns make the pricing decisions in the two scenarios of yes/no online reviews move toward two different directions. Only when the online review is positive and higher than a certain threshold will it have a positive impact on sales and E-SC members’ profits. Finally, we design a new “commission joint returns and quality improvement costs sharing” contract to optimize the decentralized model with online reviews, and we find that the higher the accuracy of product information, the less conducive the contract applied to E-SC.

乳业韧性增长下的新变化——2022年中国乳业市场回顾与分析

2022年,中国牛奶产量为3932万吨,同比增长6.8%;乳制品产量为3118万吨,同比增长2.0%。原奶产量充足,但生产量明显下降,乳业市场进入到短期的调整阶段。从消费变化来看,消费降级、消费平移、消费升级同时存在,乳品消费出现结构分化;从产品的变化看,低温鲜奶全面进入全方位的竞争阶段,将复刻常温乳品的发展路径;常温奶基础型产品增加较快,但价格竞争激烈;而中高端乳品的降价销售与价格恢复过程,品牌价值的作用明显;随着老龄化社会的到来,成人类奶粉成为市场的热点产品,越来越多的企业加入到这个品类的竞争中来;为挖掘市场新的增长点,乳品的关联类产品受到重视,比如雪糕、奶酒、奶酪等;从渠道变化看,线上渠道受到更多企业的重视,线下渠道也出现了新的业态,这些都推动着乳品企业的渠道变革。

2023年第二季度乳品行业市场分析

第二季度国内乳制品消费进入相对淡季,复苏缓慢,供需阶段性过剩,加剧了奶价的下滑,零售终端的价格战激烈,中小型乳品企业面临更加严峻的挑战。从上市乳品企业的业绩来看,整体营收增长出现疲态,业绩分化明显,大型企业增长依然稳健,但增速明显放缓;中小型乳品企业的营收和利润全面下滑,但有部分乳品企业通过坚守品牌价值、持续推广新品等方式,依然获得了较好的增长。奶酪品类缺乏新的消费场景,同质化竞争下,头部品牌也出现增长下滑。乳品行业的并购现象再次重现,行业进入到新的整合期。乳品企业新品频出,从调制乳到酸奶,从乳饮品到婴幼儿配方奶粉等,均呈现出功能化、场景化的特征。

光绪中期湖广盐斤加价与鄂省江防经费筹措研究

晚清时期,江防是抵御外侮的重要防线。中法战争期间,署湖广总督卞宝第主持建设鄂省江防,但困于经费支绌,几经周折后奏准在湘、鄂两省施行川、淮盐斤加价2文。然而,加价推行过程中,户部欲行干预与分利之举,两江总督左宗棠担心淮盐销售受阻而不欲淮盐加价,湘省因川盐、淮盐、粤盐竞争激烈也不愿推行加价。最终,经过多方协商,鄂省川、淮盐斤顺利加价,湘省则改为淮盐加价1文。湖广盐斤加价的收入甚为可观,为鄂省江防建设和善后提供了充足的财力保障。但是,战争危机解除后,江防经费余款及后续加价收入皆移为他用,极大地抑制了鄂省江防建设的后劲。这一个案表明盐斤加价是江防经费的重要来源,其艰难的运作过程及事后移挪他用的结果又折射出江防建设处于忽轻忽重的尴尬之境。

浅谈“价格战”下工程质量检测监管存在的问题及对策

论文就“价格战”产生的背景,及其在工程质量检测领域引起的危害进行了分析,指出了当前检测机构监管部门的难点、痛点和堵点,并提出了对应的监管措施。

药品价格下降成因及趋势分析

目的 :探讨药品价格下降的成因、幅度及后果。方法 :对我国近年来的社会经济状况、医药行业走势和国家对医药行业的宏观调控措施等因素进行分析。结果与结论 :药品价格下降是必然结果 。

连锁药店应对药品价格竞争的策略探讨

目的 :为连锁药店应对药品价格竞争提供参考思路。方法 :从经济学角度探讨药店竞争 ;分析平价药店与连锁药店各自的优、劣势。结果与结论 :连锁药店只有加强药学服务 ,不断发掘市场空白点 ,充分发挥自身优势 ,才能在竞争中立于不败之地。

对价格战问题的思考

价格战是企业的一种重要的营销手段。本文目的就是通过对价格战的成因及后果的分析,找出一套适用于价格战的竞争手段。通过分析价格战的各种成因,以及价格战对企业和顾客的影响,本文提出了面对价格战企业应采取发起价格战、避免价格战和对付价格战的三种不同策略。

基于博弈论的云制造服务平台价格战应对策略研究

在云制造模式下,制造服务提供方的恶意低价或有意降价行为,将导致云制造服务平台出现价格战。本文对云制造服务平台的服务价格、报价商家数目以及一段时期内的成交次数等数据进行分析,得出制造服务提供方和需求方达到一定规模后其制造服务的报价服从正态分布规律的结论。将博弈论引入云制造领域,构建了云制造服务平台实施惩罚与不惩罚策略下制造服务提供方与云制造服务平台的博弈模型,达到了子博弈完美纳什均衡。针对制造服务提供方有意的缓慢降价行为,增加其获取信息的条件限制,从而提高了信息获取的成本。研究结果表明,本文提出的两种价格战应对策略,能够有效抑制制造服务提供方的恶意低价和有意降价行为,保证了云制造服务平台的平稳运行。

企业“竞合”战略博弈分析

基于恶性竞争———价格战及竞争与合作的静态一次博弈和重复博弈的思考,通过对价格竞争博弈、合作竞争博弈及对产业集群竞争中的竞合分析,试图说明合作竞争是企业竞争战略的内在要求。

产品差别化、价格战与合谋

随着中国市场化改革的不断深入,价格战成为各行各业企业间不断上演的舞台剧。文章旨在从产品差别化与企业间合谋的相互关系出发,来分析企业频繁选择价格竞争而难以进行合谋的原因,即产品垂直差别水平的降低将使合谋难以维持,价格战容易爆发。因此,解决价格战的途径之一是中国企业应该加大自主创新的能力,提高产品垂直差别化程度。

企业如何才能摆脱价格战的恶性循环

价格竞争是目前企业最常用、也是最容易应用的一种竞争形式,但也经常使企业陷入价格战的恶性循环中。针对这一问题,介绍了四种帮助企业走出价格困境的方法:价值导向定价,突显产品优势;适度高价,激起消费者好奇心;分割定价,提升以往被忽略的利益点;等价策略,使消费者需求明确化。这四种策略之间的共同点是通过价格设置的变化来改变消费者的注意力,使消费者的注意力真正放到产品上,发掘各企业产品价值方面的真正差异,而不是在产品价格之间进行选择。