Mixed Integer Robust Programming Model for Multimodal Fresh Agricultural Products Terminal Distribution Network Design

The low efficiency and high cost of fresh agricultural product terminal distribution directly restrict the operation of the entire supply network.To reduce costs and optimize the distribution network,we construct a mixed integer programmingmodel that comprehensively considers tominimize fixed,transportation,fresh-keeping,time,carbon emissions,and performance incentive costs.We analyzed the performance of traditional rider distribution and robot distribution modes in detail.In addition,the uncertainty of the actual market demand poses a huge threat to the stability of the terminal distribution network.In order to resist uncertain interference,we further extend the model to a robust counterpart form.The results of the simulation show that the instability of random parameters will lead to an increase in the cost.Compared with the traditional rider distribution mode,the robot distribution mode can save 12.7%on logistics costs,and the distribution efficiency is higher.Our research can provide support for the design of planning schemes for transportation enterprise managers.

Fault location by one-terminal measurement in distribution network

Presents the theory behind, the system design of the acquisition of parameters for and the experiment on the fault location by one terminal measurement in actual distribution network, and some of laws governing the on site acquisition of parameters and fault location established through experimental research on actual power distribution lines.

The Research of Terminal Distribution Network Path Optimization

This paper presents an optimization problem about terminal distribution network path, defining the research problem through its distribution operation process, next to the terminal distribution route optimization. To begin with, dynamic optimization algorithm is built, the first from the target distribution node distribution vehicle, and goods to N customers are delivered, in the most appropriate distribution route to the minimum distribution distance and optimizing the terminal distribution path. Two parts to build and example areincluding algorithm.

Wireless Distributed Monitoring Terminal Used for On-Line Application

A wireless distributed monitoring terminal was designed with embedded Linux used on the basis of ARM board, and an application program was developed for data collection, processing and transmission. Data were collected from the surrounding environment and transmitted to a server via WLAN in the form of Extensible Markup Language (XML) stream, so the terminal had good flexibility to be compatible with different sensors, network devices and information systems from multiple manufacturers.

The charge state distribution of B, C, Si, Ni, Cu and Au ions on 5 MV pelletron accelerator

Stripper gas and terminal potential play a key role for the charge state distribution in a tandem pelletron accelerator. The knowledge of this distribution is important for experiments performed on tandem accelerators. The charge state distribution of B, C, Si, Ni, Cu and Au beams is measured by using Ar as stripper gas, and terminal potential is varied from 0.3 to 3.0 MV on 5UDH-2 tandem pelletron accelerator installed at the National Centre for Physics, Islamabad. The individual charge state is measured after the switching magnet at 15° in high-energy portion. It is observed that the higher charge states are stable in the range of lower and middle atomic masses of periodic table, whereas higher atomic mass(Au) shows beam current instability in higher charge states. For carbon,the charge distribution at 1.7 MV terminal potential by varying stripper gas pressure is also studied, which resulted in decreased overall transmission with good current value for higher charge states.

Electronic transmission of three-terminal pyrene molecular bridge

This paper investigates theoretically the electronic transmission spectra of the three terminal pyrene molecular bridge and the quantum current distribution on each bond by the tight-binding model based on nonequilibrium Green＇s function and the quantum current density approach, in which one π molecular orbital is taken into account per carbon atom when the energy levels and HOMO-LUMO gap are obtained. The transmission spectra show that the electronic transmission of the three terminal pyrene molecular bridge depends obviously on the incident electronic energy and the pyrene eigenenergy. The symmetrical and oscillation properties of the transmission spectra are illustrated. A novel plus-minus energy switching function is found. The quantum current distribution shows that the loop currents inside the pyrene are induced, and some bond currents are much larger than the input and the output currents. The reasons why the loop currents and the larger bond currents are induced are the phase difference of the atomic orbits and the degeneracy of the molecular orbits. The calculations illustrate that the quantum current distributions are in good agreement with Kirchhoff quantum current conservation law.

A platform for communicating construction material information between e-commerce systems

E-commerce systems for construction material procurement are becoming increasingly important in Hong Kong. These E-commerce systems are non-interoperable and create problems for the buyers who use these systems to purchase construction materials. This paper presents the mobile agent-based approach and Web services-based approach for enabling interoperation of these systems in the E-Union environment.

Novel Radiation-Adjustable Heating Terminal Based on Flat Heat Pipe Combined with Air Source Heat Pump

The electrification of building heating is an effective way to meet the global carbon target. As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely used in areas lacking central heating. However, as a major component of space heating, heating terminals might not fit well with ASHP in order to achieve both intermittency and comfort. Therefore, this study proposes a novel radiation-adjustable heating terminal combined with an ASHP to achieve electrification, intermittency, and better thermal comfort. Radiant terminals currently suffer from three major problems: limited maximum heating capacity, inability to freely adapt, and difficulty with combining them with ASHPs. These problems were solved by improving the structural design of the novel terminal (Improvement A–E). Results showed that the maximum heating capacity increased by 23.6% and radiation heat transfer ratio from 10.1% to 30.9% was provided for users with the novel terminal. Further, new flat heat pipe (FHP) design improved stability (compressor oil return), intermittency (refrigerant thermal inertia), and safety (refrigerant leakage risk) by reducing the length of exposed refrigerant pipes. Furthermore, a new phased operation strategy was proposed for the novel terminal, and the adjustability of the terminal was improved. The results can be used as reference information for decarbonizing buildings by electrifying heating terminals.

Study on the Self-supporting Logistics Mode based on B2C E-commerce Enterprises

Taking B2C E-commerce enterprises as the center, it can be divided into a set of logistics activities upstream supply chain logistics producer to B2C e-commerce enterprises, and the B2C e-commerce enterprise logistics to client consumer, and the paper focuses on the study of self-supporting logistics for the E-commerce enterprise. According to the development status of current B2C electronic commerce enterprise in our country and logistics, the paper study B2C electric business enterprise how to correctly choose the logistics mode and how to promote the business logistics operation level.

Three-dimensional impact angle constrained distributed cooperative guidance law for anti-ship missiles

This paper investigates the problem of distributed cooperative guidance law design for multiple anti-ship missiles in the three-dimensional(3-D)space hitting simultaneously the same target with considering the desired terminal impact angle constraint.To address this issue,the problem formulation including 3-D nonlinear mathematical model description,and communication topology are built firstly.Then the consensus variable is constructed using the available information and can reach consensus under the proposed acceleration command along the line-of-sight(LOS)which satisfies the impact time constraint.However,the normal accelerations are designed to guarantee the convergence of the LOS angular rate.Furthermore,consider the terminal impact angle constraints,a nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM)control is introduced,and a finite time convergent control law of normal acceleration is proposed.The convergence of the proposed guidance law is proved by using the second Lyapunov stability method,and numerical simulations are also conducted to verify its effectiveness.The results indicate that the proposed cooperative guidance law can regulate the impact time error and impact angle error in finite time if the connecting time of the communication topology is longer than the required convergent time.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and peptidergic terminals in the nasal mucosa of rats

Objective To further investigate the mechanism of nasal secretion closely related to the innervation patterns in nasal mucosa with emphasis on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive fibers and peptidergic terminals in nasal mucosa as well as trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells. Methods Histochemical demonstration of AChE positive fibers, immunohistochemical study of the distribution patterns of multiple peptidergic terminals, double labelling of AChE and substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) mRNA in situ hybridization were carried out in nasal mucosa and trigeminal ganglion (TG) in rats. Results AChE positive terminals were mainly distributed in the mid to posterior one third of septal nasal mucosa, with greater staining density on the walls of small vessels and glands. There were fewer such terminals in turbinate mucosa. Tachykinins ergic terminals, including substance P(SP) , neurokinin A (NKA) , neurokinin B(NKB) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) ergic terminals, had an extensive localizations in nasal mucosa, involving the following areas: between epithelial cells, submucosa, the walls of small vessels, glands and venous sinusoids in both septal and turbinate nasal mucosa. Septal mucosa had the greater density. There were overlaps in the distribution of these peptidergic terminals. There were also vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) , neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) ergic terminals in nasal mucosa. But no neurotensin (NT) and somatostatin (SOM) ergic terminals were found. In situ hybridization revealed SOMmRNA expression in TG cells. AChE and nine neuropeptides existed in the cytoplasms of TG cells. Besides, AChE and SP could exist simultaneously in cytoplasms of TG cells. Conclusions AChE positive (corresponding to parasympathetic nerves) and peptidergic terminals have different distribution patterns in the nasal mucosa of rats, although an overlap does exist, indicative of their different physiological effects on the regulation of nasal secretion and other functions; AChE and multiple neuropeptides in the cytoplasm of TG cells might play a role in modulating the nasal secretion in response to stimuli in the nasal mucosa.

Urban End Distribution Optimization Under E-Commerce Environment

With the rapid development of e-commerce, urban end distribution plays more and more important role in e-commerce logistics. The collection and delivery points(CDPs), between online retailers and customers,provide a way to improve the service quality of urban end distribution. But it will be more difficult to obtain an optimal solution of urban end delivery plan when many CDPs joint a complicated delivery network, since the solution space is always too large for many traditional heuristic algorithms to search. In this paper, a two-stage optimization method based on geographic information system(GIS) and improved cooperative particle swarm optimization(CPSO) is proposed. This method takes full advantage of powerful network analysis of GIS and strong global search of CPSO. A new cooperative learning mechanism, global sub-swarm, local sub-swarm and normal sub-swarm(GS-LS-NS), is used to improve the search mode of CPSO. Finally, several experiments are conducted to show the better performance of GIS-CPSO, compared with single PSO, GIS-CPSO and Arc GIS(software of GIS) separately. The conclusion of this research is much useful and applicable for logistics service providers.

基于限流电抗器电压的直流配电网单端量保护

直流配电网故障特性复杂,故障电流上升速度快且峰值大,快速、灵敏的故障识别与线路保护是保障直流配电网安全运行的关键技术之一。为此,针对增设限流电抗器的直流配电网,提出一种利用限流电抗器电压实现高灵敏故障识别的直流配电网单端量保护方案。首先,通过分析含限流电抗器的直流配电网故障特性,明确区内、区外故障时限流电抗器电压的特征差异。其次,研究限流电抗器对故障特性及直流保护的影响机制,提出虚拟补偿策略以增强故障识别的灵敏性。在此基础上,根据线路电压变化率设计保护启动判据,提出基于虚拟补偿的故障识别判据和故障选极判据,并给出完整的保护方案流程。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台进行大量的仿真测试,结果表明所提保护方案能够实现对直流故障的快速准确判断,无需通信支持,且对过渡电阻、噪声及负荷波动具有较强的耐受能力。

考虑负荷停电差异化的配电自动化终端混合优化配置方法

成本低且安装灵活的故障指示器(FI)常与具备远程遥控能力的馈线远程终端单元(FRTU)协同完成配电网的故障定位和隔离,以缩减负荷停电时间。在配电网各开关位置或分支线路上,有选择性地部署配电自动化终端的FRTU和FI,可减少故障停电损失费用。为此,提出了考虑各供电负荷停电差异化的FRTU和FI的混合优化配置新方法。首先,根据待分析负荷、故障点、上级110 kV/35 kV变电站以及联络开关的相对位置,考虑FRTU和FI协同作用下的故障定位、故障隔离和供电恢复全过程,建立基于FRTU和FI混合配置方案的各供电负荷差异化停电时间关系式。然后,构建了以FRTU和FI的全生命周期成本费用和故障停电损失费用之和最小为目标的混合优化配置数学模型,并完成优化求解。最后,在CSG 53节点测试系统上验证了所提方法的有效性。

不确定需求下物流配送网点选址多目标优化及仿真

物流配送需求的不确定性导致物流配送成本波动,增加了物流企业配送管理的难度,加剧了“最后一公里”末端配送不畅。以降低末端物流配送成本和缩短配送时间为优化目标,考虑快递包裹数量不确定情况下末端配送的运力水平和配送覆盖区域人口密度因素,提出了一种基于“0-1”整数规划模型的多重目标优化策略,建立了物流配送中心的动态选址模型,并用Anylogic进行了仿真验证。研究结果表明,在配送包裹数量短期大幅度波动的情况下,末端配送运力水平、网点位置和服务能力需要有差别调整才能达到降本增效的目的。

基于限流电抗器电压的柔性直流配电线路单端量保护新方法

柔性直流配电技术的理论研究已经步入成熟阶段,其线路保护方法的不完备成为制约该技术发展的重要因素,尤其是以快速动作为优势的单端量保护,耐高阻能力弱、所需采样率高等问题仍待解决。为解决上述问题,文中通过分析单极对称接线系统发生金属性双极短路故障和经过渡电阻故障时限流电抗器电压特征,利用限流电抗器电压及其负变化率积聚和构造保护判据,据此提出了一种基于限流电抗器电压的柔性直流配电线路单端量保护新方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能在0.5 ms内可靠识别区内故障,且耐受过渡电阻(20Ω)和噪声影响,所需采样率要求低,具有工程实用意义。

采用电流增量关联度的柔直配电线路双端量保护

针对有效提升多端柔性直流配电线路双端量保护动作速度以及抗干扰能力的问题,提出一种基于故障电流增量关联度比较的直流线路双端量快速保护方法。该方法利用直流线路两侧故障电流增量的变化特性,利用灰色T型关联度算法对故障电流增量的变化态势实测数据求解关联度,分别对正负极线路首末端电流增量序列的灰色T型关联度进行比较,实现线路故障的快速切除。通过在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建±10 kV多端柔性直流配电系统进行算例仿真分析,结果表明该保护方法可以准确判别区内外故障,保护实现流程原理简单,动作快速可靠,具有良好的适用性。

无线光通信中雨滴末速度对散射光频谱的影响研究

为了探究大气扰动对无线光通信(WOC)系统性能的影响,采用了Mie散射模型深入分析了雨中散射光的衰减情况。求解了雨滴末速度起伏的相关函数,随后应用维纳-辛钦定理计算出散射光的功率谱,并创造性地提出了将Marshall-Palmer分布与多种雨滴末速度模型相结合的方法,以此揭示雨滴末速度对散射光频谱的具体影响。仿真结果表明:在相同的雨滴末速度分布条件下,随着降雨率的增加,4种雨滴末速度模型的散射光频谱的衰减也随之增大,但频谱的形状基本保持不变;532 nm波长的信号光衰减约比1550 nm波长的信号光大1 dB。

基于模糊结构元的新零售末端配送网络优化研究

新零售模式下,高时效性的物流末端配送对提高顾客满意度具有重要作用,而对末端配送中心位置和数量的确定,是优化末端配送网络的关键。首先,综合考虑影响配送中心位置与数量的模糊因素,构建以配送时间最少、配送中心覆盖范围最大以及系统成本最低为目标的模糊多目标规划模型;其次,采用结构元加权序准则法求解模型,生成三角模糊数简化求解过程;最后,以算例检验方法的有效性。结果表明,所提出的模型能够将模糊因素融入模糊决策过程中,且结构元加权序准则法有助于决策者灵活调整方案和决策,从而对新零售末端配送网络布局进行优化。

海上风电多端柔性直流输电及其功率流控制

相比目前已有的工程而言,未来的海上风电场容量将更大,且离岸距离也更远,而基于电压源换流器的多端直流输电系统可以经济有效地联接广域分布的海上风电场,大规模地传输波动的风能至各陆地电网。以大型海上风电场送出为研究对象,提出一种结合电压源换流器和电池储能的多端柔性直流输电系统,给出系统的功率流控制方法,实现网侧换流器的功率分配及功率平滑输出。最后,基于RTDS硬件在环实验平台构建一个四端直流输电测试系统,并用实验验证所提多端柔性直流输电系统功率流的控制效果。