Technology and Infrastructure Considerations for E-Commerce in Chinese Agriculture

Information technology （IT） was one of the most intensively studied and extensively applied technologies in the 20th century and its research and application will be even more accelerated in the 21st century. The impact of IT is more farreaching than any one may have had imagined, encompassing all facets and sectors of society. Economically, e-commerce generated more than $1.5 trillion in the US in 2004 and is projected to be 30, 15 and 2.6% of the total manufacturing, whole sales and retail sales in the US in 2006 respectively. IT research in agriculture has so far been particularly applied to such fields as precision farming and bioinformatics and in extension and farming practices. As such, its potential application in agricultural e-commerce has only begun to be explored. The United States Department of Agriculture has identified four different functions that e-commerce firms perform in the agricultural sector. They are： （1） information distribution, （2） input supply, （3） commodity trading floor, and （4） logistics/supply chain management. Unlike other industrial products, agricultural products are much more diverse and difficult to process and handle. For instance, fruits and vegetables are perishable and have to reach the market and the hands of consumers within a short period of time. One of the problems for IT applications in agriculture is the lack of standard measures in characteristics and quality of perishable produce and processing foods. Standards are pre-requisites for effective IT application and e-commerce. According to the Global Commerce Initiative, standards bring scalability, portability and affordability to the business process. Standards speed up the supply chain and reduce errors and protect technology investments and ensure system to system interaction and interoperability. Because the complexity of issues involved in standardization, the process of standardization must involve the input and discussion from all segments of the society. Being the largest agricultural country in the world and one of the most active trading partners in the international market, China must also be involved in determining the standards for both domestic and international trades. These measures are the necessary foundations for e-commerce in agriculture. In this paper, we provide a review of the technological development of standardization and coding that are prerequisites for IT application in e-commerce. This understanding is important for professionals in China to promote e- commerce in agriculture. Finally, we propose that a national committee to be formed in China, which includes IT experts from private sectors, academic professionals and governmental officials. This committee should consider the progress being made elsewhere in the world, the unique properties of Chinese commodities and appropriate business models to determine a set of standard measures that are transportable and communicable digitally in the world market for China＇s e- commerce in agriculture.

Empirical Research on E-commerce to Increase the Scale of Agricultural Products Trade: Taking Guangxi Hezhou Zhengfeng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. as an Example

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.The periodicity of agricultural product output and prices,the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers,and the inherent characteristics of small scale,high cost,and low profit have caused slow sales,which greatly hurt the enthusiasm of farmers to develop production and endanger social stability.Constructing an informationized and commercialized trading platform and an information sharing platform through e-commerce and establishing related systems and supervision mechanisms will help to promote the rapid growth of agricultural product sales.Research has shown that in the field of agricultural circulation,e-commerce has a significant effect on increasing the scale of agricultural trade.

Paths for Upgrade and Transformation of E-commerce of China's Fresh Agricultural Products Based on Whole Industry Supply Chain

China's e-commerce market scale of fresh agricultural products has reached 1000 billion yuan,and the prospect is bright.However,in the face of such problems as quality control,storage and distribution,and consumption habits,the fresh product e-commerce has great difficulty in development.Internet generates large data,and data are the resources and the core of the Internet and the foundation for survival and development of Internet.This paper analyzed the current situation of the development of fresh agricultural products,and discussed the plight of fresh product e-commerce in scale,profit,non-standard,and network environment.On the basis of the whole industry supply chain,it came up with paths for upgrade and transformation of the fresh product e-commerce with the big data as the core in the context of Internet environment.

Willingness of Agricultural Workers to Conduct E-commerce of Agricultural Products Based on GEM Model

At present,the development of e-commerce is slow for agricultural products in China. Taking agricultural workers as the research object,this paper analyzed factors influencing the implementation of e-commerce of agricultural products. Besides,from the enterprise status,market conditions,and groundings,with the aid of the GEM( Groundings-Enterprises-Markets) model,it evaluated the factors influencing the development of e-commerce of agricultural products. Then,using SPSS software,it analyzed factors and came up with improvement recommendations. The results show that 59% of the respondents are willing to conduct e-commerce,and the status of the enterprises,market conditions and groundings are main factors influencing the implementation of e-commerce of agricultural products. Therefore,it is required to increase industrial concentration,promote cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises( SMEs),and strengthen infrastructure construction,so as to promote the development of e-commerce of agricultural products.

A Study on the Countermeasures of Modern Agricultural Development from a Perspective of E-commerce——A Case of Suzhou,China

Based on the fact that e-commerce promotes the development of modern agriculture,the paper summarizes the present situation of agri-cultural e-commerce through related materials.Taking Suzhou city as an example,the paper analyzes the features of modern agriculture.And themodern agriculture is characterized with apparent industrialization and scaled requirements,the branded and particular agriculture has more advan-tages,leisure agriculture is the very special one.In order to upgrade the degree of agricultural industrialization of Suzhou,promote the communica-tion of agricultural information and sales of products and lower the risks of agricultural production,the e-commerce countermeasures of modern agri-culture have been put forward.Firstly,strengthen the network construction of agricultural information.Secondly,carry out the agricultural e-com-merce business by B2B model.Thirdly,construct the e-commerce platform of leisure agriculture.Fourthly,construct the e-commerce platform ofmodern agriculture.Fifthly,perfect the logistics distribution network of agricultural products of Suzhou.The last point is to accelerate the e-com-merce training of farmers and the introduction of talents.

Development of Rural E-commerce from the Perspective of Agricultural New Kinetic Energy Cultivation:Based on Survey on the "E-commerce Entering Villages and Households" Project of Jurong City

Taking the implementation of the"e-commerce entering villages and households"project in Jurong City as an example,a survey plan is formulated,and questionnaires are designed.Through questionnaires,a large number of agricultural households are visited,and the data are collected and collated;and using interviews and field trips,the help of e-commerce for agricultural products sales is understood.Then,the analysis on the entire survey is summarized.Finally,the survey is researched,and it is found that the current rural e-commerce lacks professional talents and the product distribution system is not perfect.For existing problems,corresponding solutions are put forward.

A Study on the Application Model of B2B E-Commerce in the Agricultural Sector

There are two main application models of B2B e-commerce, which are best suitable for agricultural sector. One is the e-market intermediation model (EMIM), and the other is the Integrative content center model (ICCM). Based on the analysis of these two models in application field of agriculture, a conclusion is drawn that these two models will be the main application ones of agricultural e-commerce at present, while ICCM will be a transition from local e-commerce to integrative e-commerce. The future development of agricultural e-commerce will follow the direction of integrative e-commerce which is based on the supply chain model on the E-Hubs. And a new framework of integrative e-commerce is presented as a conclusion at last.

A Study on Establishing a Cross-border E-commerce Logistics System for Agricultural Products in Sichuan Province in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce,especially since Chengdu was listed as an Integrated Pilot Zone for Cross-Border E-Commerce in 2016,has led to a rising trade value of agricultural products in the metropolis.This upward trend is also attributed to the China-Europe Railway Express and the Chengdu International Aviation Hub Integrated Functional Area,two infrastructure systems that have opened more international logistics channels for agricultural products in Sichuan province.However,the development of cross-border logistics has failed to respond to the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce for agricultural products.This problem has given rise to longer delivery cycles,higher costs,and reduced product quality,hindering the development of cross-border e-commerce for agricultural products.Currently,most research efforts are focused on selecting a logistics mode which has created an urgency is to establish a logistics system.To that end,we must utilize the opportunities and preferential policies brought about by the Belt and Road Initiative to advance the establishment of a cross-border logistics system for agricultural products,which will create more channels for selling Sichuan’s agricultural products overseas.This article analyzes the current situation of the cross-border logistics system for agricultural products produced by the province and studies the potential relationships between a logistics system and cross-border trade of agricultural products.It seeks to build a logistics system that meets the demands of cross-border transactions using economic theories focused on cross-border e-commerce and logistics.Such a logistic system will help shorten long delivery cycles,cut delivery costs,and guarantee the quality of agricultural products.Also,it can contribute to the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products and solve problems in developing the agricultural products logistics system of Sichuan province.

Assumption of E-commerce Platform of Agricultural Products Based on F2C2B Mode

This paper proposes the assumption of E-commerce platform of the agricultural products based on the F2C2B mode. The whole e-commerce model is guided by the idea of the supply chain management from the perspective of the modern system, and the e-commerce integration model from customer to supplier is implemented, and the whole is optimized. E-commerce to cloud computing as the basic environment, the construction of public cloud services and private cloud resources, based on public cloud to the SaaS way to provide services to customers, focus on business search and business collaboration, make full use of the lnternet, modern communications technology to provide the real- service. The development of agricultural economy, no longer depends only on the number of some traditional agricultural resources, but also depends on the modern technology, information access and use. Through the development of basic network technology, by virtue of some modern electronic information technology and some other means that can improve the intelligence of agricultural use of the information resources, the proposed model provides the new methodology of the solution.

Financing Decisions Analysis of E-commerce Supply Chain Finance for Fresh Agricultural Products in China

The supply chain finance(SCF)solutions are becoming increasingly diversified with the continuous perfection of the economic system.However,financing for small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs)is still a difficult issue waiting to be solved by enterprises and the government in China.SCF solutions based on e-commerce platforms have developed rapidly in China that provide an alternative for SMEs when few studies have been conducted on e-commerce SCF solutions which focus on fresh agricultural products.Therefore,this research focuses on the SCF solutions applicable to e-commerce enterprises of fresh agricultural products.

The Analysis on theUse and Boost of E-commerce in the Process of Urbanization

The development of e-commerce in agriculture is our weak link in the e-commerce system, the formation of agricultural industrialization and modernization of agriculture development incentives did not play its due role. Improvement of agricultural e-commerce model is to provide a more direct way of agricultural e-commerce operations performance. Based on this, this paper analyzes the status quo of e-commerce development of agricultural markets, and it is to explore the complete path of agricultural development of electronic commerce.

The Upward Issue of Agricultural Products Based on Farmer Cooperatives in the Context of Internet

In recent years,the development of rural e-commerce has been rapid but not balanced,and the upward scale of agricultural products is much smaller than the downward scale of industrial products.In the upward process of agricultural products,there are different models of e-commerce with farmers as the main body or cooperatives as the main body.Comparatively speaking,the difficulties in developing e-commerce for agricultural products with farmers as the main body are more prominent,while the development of e-commerce in agricultural products with cooperatives as the main body has more significant advantages.At present,there are still urgent problems to be solved,such as insufficient cold chain logistics facilities,insufficient scale and strength of cooperatives,and lack of systematic planning of local government's support policies for agricultural products.However,generally speaking,the upward trend for agricultural products based on cooperatives will be the mainstream of the development of agricultural electronic commerce in the future.

Systems research helping to meet the needs and managing the trade-offs of a changing world

Facing the challenges of an increasing world population, a changing climate and ever depleting resources, agricultural intensification （Keating et al. 2010） is one of the few options for meeting the demand of food security. It is necessary to apply a dynamic and systematic approach to effectively man- age the complex agri-eco production and green processing systems. Indeed, farming systems approach for appropriate technology development and simulation modeling is a result of adopting the system thinking by the agricultural research community （Norman et al. 1995）.

Development of Agricultural Product Logistics in Tianjin in the Context of the Coordinated Development Strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Since February 26,2014,Chinese president Xi Jinping of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China listened to the report on the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and delivered an important speech,and officially raised the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as a major national strategy,the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has entered the"fast lane".Guided by accelerating the construction of agricultural product supply areas,agricultural high-tech industry demonstration areas,and agricultural product logistics center areas,Tianjin seizes the opportunity of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,brings into full play to the advantages of Tianjin s three-dimensional transportation network,perfect market system,high-quality port services,rapid growth of cold chain and e-commerce,to promote the faster and better development of Tianjin s agriculture.In addition,focusing on comprehensively improving Tianjin s regional agricultural product logistics service capabilities,Tianjin is establishing a distribution center for agricultural products,an e-commerce center,and a high-end agricultural product distribution center serving the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,to promote the construction of Tianjin agricultural product logistics center.

Challenges and Countermeasures of Hunan Agricultural Electronic Commerce from the Angle of Internet： A Theoretical Review

Hunan is a major agricultural province. Hunan＇ s agricultural construction and agricultural e-commerce platform has made some achievements, but there are still many problems to be solved. In this paper, analysis and comparative analysis of the data, combined with the current level of application of information network in Hunan rural and agricultural development of the electronic commerce, analyzes the development trend of Hunan agricultural e-commerce. We analyzed the development of electronic commerce in Hunan agricultural situation and existing problems, propose solutions studied. This paper analyzes the current situation, market situation of agriculture and agricultural production present situation of e-commerce, e-commerce on the positive role to resolve Hunan agriculture, agricultural electronic commerce in Hunan Province in infrastructure, transport facilities, training, development model, agricultural products the existence of some standard terms, information service system, e-commerce laws and regulations and the other issues, and finally make recommendations.

发达国家推进农业与服务业融合发展的主要形式、新趋势与启示

推动农业与服务业融合发展,已经成为壮大乡村产业和发展现代农业的重要内容。推动发达国家农业与服务业融合发展主要有“农业+旅游”“农业+会展”“农业+技术”“农业+金融”“农业+生产性服务”等传统融合形式,其主要发展趋势逐渐向技术跨学科融合和产业跨区域融合转变,如“农业+综合技术”的智能农业、“农业+城镇经济”多功能农业等。在此基础上,探讨了中国在学习借鉴发达国家农业与服务业融合发展经验时,要立足“大国小农”基本国情农情,克服发展瓶颈和拓展发展空间,发挥好现代服务业的引领带动作用,既要遵循发达国家农业与服务业融合发展的普遍趋势,也要兼顾中国产业发展的各自特色,以实现农业与现代服务业高质量融合和农民收入稳步提高。

乡村振兴背景下直播助农存在的问题及对策研究

在信息技术不断发展的新媒体时代,移动互联网发展更加多元化,短视频平台开拓直播带货板块,打造人人都可以是主播的实时分享的网络环境,为农产品销售带来新的发展机遇。基于此,该文以直播助农为主题详细分析直播助农过程中存在的不足,主要包括物流配送能力低、农产品直播管理制度缺失、农产品品牌化程度低,依据此从物流、直播管理制度和品牌化建设提出一些建议。

科技助农着力提升农业科技创新能力水平

在当前经济社会发展的关键时期,深入实施人才强市战略显得尤为重要,这不仅关乎城市的长远发展,也是实现乡村振兴战略的重要支撑。为此,必须着力破除束缚人才发展的体制机制障碍,为人才的自由流动和创新创造提供更为广阔的空间。通过建立培养体系、完善评价机制、健全保障措施等措施,组建一支高素质的农村专业人才队伍,培养一批有文化、懂技术、善经营、会管理的新型人才,让人才“上山下乡”,从而为乡村振兴提供助力。

地方文化融入现代包装设计研究——以恩施州核桃湾村助农产品为例

为了拓宽恩施州核桃湾村农产品的销售渠道,把更多原生态的富硒农产品带入到消费者的视野中,引导绿色生态的生活方式,笔者团队通过访谈、调研、设计、验证等科学的设计流程,将地方文化融入核桃湾村农产品包装设计中。在包装的材料选择上,选择可降解、可再生、可回收、轻量化的环保材料,为市场差异化竞争,为建立环境友好型社会奉献一份力量。让设计赋能乡村振兴,用好的设计能推动文化传承,创造经济效益,提升艺术审美,促进可持续发展。

农村留守老人农业生产现状分析——基于江西调查数据

依据江西农村留守老人抽样调查数据,分析了江西省农村留守老人农业生产现状,结果表明:在农业生产环境不佳、劳动力雇佣困难、政府支持和农村社区帮扶不足的情况下,60.9%的被访留守老人承担着农业生产和家务劳动的双重负担,部分人还同时承担着照料孙辈的重任;农村留守老人自身素质和外部支持的不足,制约着农业生产的发展,甚至影响农产品的持续供给。研究的目的在于,引起政府和社会的关注,以减轻农村留守老人的劳动负担、提高他们的福利水平、促进农业持续发展。