EDOSE进行调强剂量验证结果的评估

目的使用EDOSE剂量验证系统基于加速器电子射野影像系统(EPID)对静态调强放疗(IMRT)计划剂量验证结果的评估。方法分析不同射野下EDOSE对EPID成像板剂量响应均匀性的修正;不同大小射野gamma通过率;比较EDOSE反推计算的相关参数与计划系统的差异。结果修正后EPID不同射野均匀区域图像灰度值的均匀性较好;?(3mm/3%)分析不同射野的通过率均在理想范围。计划系统和EDOSE剂量验证系统分别计算危及器官的体积并比较,仅右肺存在统计学差异;计划系统和EDOSE剂量验证系统反推计算DVH比较,部分结果存在统计学差异。结论 EDOSE与计划系统具有契合度较高的计算和分析结果。

SRS MapCHECK与EDOSE在立体定向放疗计划剂量验证中的对比

目的:使用SRS MapCHECK和EDOSE对立体定向放疗(SRT)计划进行剂量验证,并比较它们的验证结果。方法:首先比较两种系统在不同方野(2 cm×2 cm、4 cm×4 cm、6 cm×6 cm、10 cm×10 cm)的γ通过率(3%/3 mm),然后选择29例SRT计划,分析两种系统在不同γ标准下的绝对剂量通过率,最后分析EDOSE建立的4种不同物理模型对SRT计划剂量验证的影响。结果:SRS MapCHECK在所有方野和29例SRT计划的绝对剂量γ通过率均高于EDOSE,两者的验证结果有统计学差异(P<0.05);SRS MapCHECK及EDOSE在29例SRT计划的γ通过率(2%/2 mm)分别是为98.60%±2.14%和96.53%±2.41%。基于EDOSE的不同物理模型验证结果有统计学差异,平均γ通过率(2%/2 mm)偏差为1.8%~5.1%。结论:SRS MapCHECK和EDOSE系统均满足SRT计划剂量验证的要求,且SRS MapCHECK的剂量验证通过率优于EDOSE;不同的EDOSE物理模型对SRT计划剂量验证有影响。

基于Edose系统的鼻咽癌调强放疗三维剂量验证

目的:探讨Edose系统在鼻咽癌调强放疗三维剂量验证中的应用。方法:随机选取17例鼻咽癌患者的调强放疗计划,将计划传输至Edose系统中,使用Edose系统在CT中重建三维剂量分布并将剂量计算结果标记为R,Edose系统实测剂量标记为E,并计算绝对百分剂量偏差D%。统计各计划的计划靶区(planning target volume,PTV)和危及器官的R和E,并分析Gamma通过率。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:各PTV的D%都在2%以内。危及器官的D%较PTV的差异大,最大的为小体积的晶体,为(12.47±7.43)%,其次是眼球,为(10.29±7.74)%,其余各危及器官的D%均在5%以内。3%/3 mm、3%/2 mm和2%/2 mm的Gamma通过率分别为(99.20±0.63)%、(98.61±0.86)%和(96.39±1.89)%,均符合临床要求。结论:仅依靠Edose系统的Gamma通过率比较有时并不能完全反映治疗计划是否符合临床治疗的要求,需要全面评估基于三维影像解剖结构的剂量误差对临床计划执行的影响,从而为临床放疗计划的三维剂量验证提供依据。

EDose软件在锥筒计划剂量验证中的应用

通过使用软件Varian公司的Trilogy加速器自带的EPID配合EDose软件和德国IBA公司的RAROR Chamber以及与其配套的DOSE1剂量仪和RW-3固体水分别对12例锥筒计划进行绝对剂量验证,记录并分析使用EDose软件时在不同标准下绝对剂量γ通过率和使用电离室时的点剂量验证结果。发现采用γ(3%/3 mm)、(3%/2 mm)、(2%/2 mm)标准时,EDose软件验证的绝对剂量γ通过率分别为(99.59%±0.33%)、(96.96%±1.27%)、(95.48%±1.37%),等中心处绝对剂量偏差为0.27%±1.02%;电离室测量的等中心处绝对剂量偏差为-0.03%±1.20%,最大偏差是-1.82%。两种验证方法的验证结果均满足临床治疗的要求且无统计学差异。结果表明基于电子射野影像系统(EPID)的EDose软件可以用于锥筒计划的剂量验证,而且可以提供二维剂量分布,操作更加方便,同时可以节约科室成本。

EDOSE在线剂量验证系统在宫颈癌患者容积旋转调强放射治疗三维剂量验证中的应用

目的探讨EDOSE在线剂量验证系统在宫颈癌患者容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)三维剂量验证中的应用效果。方法随机选取2021年1—12月深圳市人民医院放疗科收治的20例宫颈癌术后患者,为其设计VMAT计划,并利用EDOSE在线剂量验证系统进行计划验证,分析所有患者计划验证的3%/3 mm和3%/2 mmγ通过率,比较放射治疗计划系统(TPS)计算剂量与EDOSE系统重建剂量的计划靶区D_(98)、D_(2)(Dx表示x%靶区体积所受到的照射剂量)以及危及器官小肠、膀胱、直肠、股骨头和骨髓V_(40)、V_(30)、V_(20)、V_(10)(Vx表示接受x Gy剂量照射的危及器官的体积百分比)等剂量学参数。结果20例患者计划验证的3%/3 mmγ通过率为(97.82±0.81)%,3%/2 mmγ通过率为(96.25±1.20)%。患者计划靶区D_(98),TPS计算值与EDOSE测量值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者计划靶区D_(2),TPS计算值与EDOSE测量值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但偏差均小于3%,此差异临床可接受。关于小肠V_(40)、V_(30)、V_(20)、V_(10),直肠V_(40)、V_(30),右股骨头V_(20)、V_(10),左股骨头V_(20)、V_(10),以及骨髓V_(10),TPS计算值与EDOSE测量值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);关于膀胱V_(40)、V_(30),右股骨头V_(40)、V_(30),左股骨头V_(40)、V_(30),以及骨髓V_(40)、V_(30)、V_(20),TPS计算值与EDOSE测量值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将EDOSE在线剂量验证系统应用于宫颈癌患者VMAT三维剂量验证中可有效评估靶区和危及器官的TPS计算剂量和实际测量剂量三维剂量学参数误差,为验证计划提供更多的评价参数指标,提高放射治疗剂量验证的准确性。

FLNL:Fuzzy entropy and lion neural learner for EDoS attack mitigation in cloud computing

Cloud computing is a technology that allows the end-users to access the network through a shared area of resources.As the demand for the cloud computing increases,vulnerabilities in the service provision also increase.EDoS is one of the attacks that take over the provider,financially affecting the various organizations which use the cloud data.This paper utilizes fuzzy entropy and lion neural learner(FLNL)for the classification of cloud users to mitigate EDoS attacks in the cloud.This technique includes a training phase,which creates a log file using various parameters and then transforms the features into database considering certain key features.There are two important stages in this classification approach:feature selection and classification.Here,the fuzzy entropy function is utilized for feature selection which effectively selects useful features without information loss.The classification is performed using lion neural learner(LNL)which incorporates Lion algorithm(LA)into the neural network and uses Levenberg–Marquardt(LM)algorithm.The experimental results finalize that the proposed FLNL is effective with 89%precision,78%recall,and 83.13%of f-measure compared with the existing Na¨ıve Bayes(NB),Neural Network+Back Propagation(NN+BP),and Neural Network+Levenberg–Marquardt(NN+LM).

三种剂量验证系统在直肠癌容积旋转调强放疗计划中的验证结果比较

目的 比较和分析Delta4、EDose和Portal Dosimetry(PD)3种剂量验证系统在直肠癌容积旋转调强放疗(VMAT)计划中的剂量验证结果,为剂量验证选择合适的验证方法和评价标准。方法 回顾性选取在福建医科大学附属协和医院行VMAT放疗的直肠癌患者45例,依据治疗计划分别创建基于Delta4、EDose和PD系统的验证计划并进行剂量验证。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较3种剂量验证系统在3%/3 mm、3%/2 mm、2%/3 mm、2%/2 mm 4种γ评价标准下的绝对剂量的γ通过率。结果 在3%/3 mm的评价标准下,Delta4、EDose和PD系统的平均γ通过率分别为99.90%、98.34%和98.60%。在3%/3 mm、3%/2 mm、2%/3 mm的评价标准下,3种验证系统的平均γ通过率均>95%,满足临床要求。3种剂量验证系统在4种评价标准下的γ通过率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过进一步两两比较发现,Delta4系统的γ通过率高于EDose系统和PD系统,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);EDose系统和PD系统的γ通过率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Delta4系统的γ通过率优于EDose系统和PD系统,PD系统的γ通过率和EDose系统相近。Delta4系统、EDose系统和PD系统均可用于直肠癌VMAT计划的剂量验证中。由于EDose系统和PD系统在保证验证精度的同时,摆位简单、使用方便、验证效率高,在临床应用中可以优先考虑。Delta4系统严格的剂量验证γ评价标准可以采用2%/2 mm,EDose系统和PD系统严格的剂量验证γ评价标准可以采用3%/2 mm或2%/3 mm。

基于半导体探测器矩阵和电离室探测器矩阵两款设备同时进行放疗剂量学测量差异性研究

调强放射治疗作为治疗肿瘤疾病的手段之一,其计划的复杂性以及考虑到患者的实际治疗效果,需对患者进行治疗前的二维剂量验证。本文回顾性地选取了广西中医药大学第一附属医院放疗科的60例肿瘤病例,其中头部、胸部、腹部肿瘤各20例。用IBA公司的MatriXX二维电离室矩阵和Varian Trilogy加速器自带的aS1000 EPID电子射野系统进行计划的二维剂量验证,分析在2%/2mm、2%/3mm、3%/3mm、3%/5mm、5%/5mm的评判标准下的伽马通过率,探究两种矩阵测量结果的差异性和可靠性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。实验结果表明EPID的伽马通过率整体高于MatriXX,通过率随着评判标准的放宽而上升,两款设备在2%/2mm、2%/3mm、3%/3mm、3%/5mm、5%/5mm标准下的通过率进行t检验的结果p值均<0.01,具有显著的统计学差异性。经过分析得出结论:两款设备均满足临床的验证要求,可用于实际临床上的二维剂量验证,EPID的分辨率比MatriXX高,在用MatriXX验证计划时,推荐使用3%/3mm的评判标准,伽马通过率大于90%时则认为计划验证通过;在用EPID半导体矩阵验证计划时,推荐2%/2mm和3%/3mm的评判标准下,伽马通过率分别大于90%和96%时,认为计划通过。因此,临床上应根据计划的实际情况和具体要求选择合适的探测器以及评判标准。

葛根素对糖基化终产物干预eNOS活性及MDA生成的实验研究

目的研究葛根素对糖基化终产物(AGEs)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法采用同位素二步色谱法测定AGEs刺激及葛根素作用后人脐静脉内皮细胞eNOS活性,用微量荧光法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果AGEs刺激后eNOS活性降低,而细胞内过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)显著增高,葛根素500 mg/L组干预后eNOS活性显著恢复(P<0.01),相应地,MDA含量降低,但并不具有显著性。结论葛根素能抑制AGEs诱导的HUVECs-eNOS活性下降,但并不能显著降低相同条件下内皮细胞内MDA含量。

基于EPID的鼻咽癌容积旋转调强放疗计划的三维剂量验证的研究

目的利用基于电子射野影像装置(EPID)的EDose 5.0系统验证鼻咽癌(NPC)容积旋转调强放疗(VMAT)计划的三维剂量分布,探讨该系统用于鼻咽癌VMAT计划三维剂量验证的可行性。方法分别使用基于EPID的EDose 5.0、Delta^4和ArcCHECK三维剂量验证系统对随机选取的14例鼻咽癌VMAT计划进行验证测量,并在不同Gamma(γ)分析标准下,比较不同三维验证系统的验证通过率。结果当选取3%/3 mm标准时,基于EPID的EDose 5.0、Delta^4和ArcCHECK的γ平均通过率均大于95%,分别为(97.09±1.40)%、(96.24±1.52)%和(97.40±1.68)%,均满足计划验证要求;EDose 5.0与Delta^4和ArcCHECK验证通过率两两比较表明,当评价标准为3%/3 mm、3%/2 mm和2%/2 mm时,EDose 5.0与Delta^4和ArcCHECK的测量验证结果间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于EPID的EDose 5.0系统可以用于鼻咽癌VMAT计划的三维剂量验证。

计算机基础教学实验改革探讨

本文针对现在计算机实验引导性不足的现状,提出开发用于计算机基础教育CAI课件的设想.并建立了扩展DOS平台EDOS的模型,从功能、意义、制作方法上给出了一些论述.

挤压膨化食用菌粉制备及冲调工艺研究

以干平菇、香菇及其下脚料打粉作为原料,添加一定量的玉米淀粉混合,采用双螺杆挤压膨化机膨化,后将产物粉碎,生产出营养健康的食用菌冲调粉,从而提高食用菌利用率,积极响应新旧动能转换战略。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对食用菌粉的膨化、冲调工艺进行优化,食用菌粉挤压膨化最佳条件为:混合菌粉添加量30%,物料含水量15%,挤压膨化温度120℃;最佳冲调工艺为:粉碎程度90目菌粉、冲调加水量80mL(10g)、水温70～80℃、蔗糖添加量5%、糊精添加量3%,此条件下冲调效果较好,甜度适中,无结块,且具有食用菌香气,感官效果较好。

The Risk of Islet Cell and Insulin Autoantibodies and Their Predictive Strength as Markers of Type-1 Diabetes in a Cross-Section of Nigerian Population

Aim: We demonstrated the risk of developing islet autoantibodies-Insulin Autoanti-bodies (IAAs) and Islets cell Autoantibodies (ICAs)-in type-1 diabetic relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients compared to non-diabetic controls. We also aimed to determine the predictive strengths of both autoantibodies in the development of type-1 diabetes mellitus, and which of the two autoantibodies is a better predictive marker of type-1 diabetes mellitus among Nigerian adults. Methodology: A total number of four hundred and fifty five (455) subjects (211 (46%) males, and 244 (54%) females) aged between 35 - 76 years were recruited for the study. IAA and ICA levels were estimated using ELISA reagents from Biomerica Inc. Other parameters such as fasting blood sugar, urine glucose, and urine protein were assessed using standard biochemical techniques. Results: Relatives of type-1 diabetic patients and newly diagnosed type-1 diabetic patients were at greater risk (p < 0.05) of testing positive for more than one autoantibody (ICA and IAA) compared to non-diabetic controls. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better predictors or markers of type-1 diabetes mellitus compared to ICAs. Conclusion: The present study indicated a greater risk of autoim-mune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancrease of the type-1 relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients and suggests the need for periodic re-cruitment of individuals in the general population, siblings and relatives of type-1 diabetic patients for planned intervention trials. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better autoimmune markers of type-1 diabetes compared to ICAs.

也谈EDO内存与FPM内存

一、内存的分类 计算机中的内存有统一的引线标准,目前较流行的两种接口是:SIMM(单面直列式内存模式)和DIMM(双面直列式内存模式)。DIP(双列直插封装)接口模式在内存中已淘汰,DIMM是将成为未来主流的168和200线模式的内存。SIMM目前有30线、72线和专用内存条三种。其中30线已逐渐淘汰,72线的SIMM内存条目前是主流产品。

EDO DRAM IS41C16256原理及其应用

IS41C16256是ISSI(IntegratedsiliconsolutionsInc)公司生产的高性能CMOS动态随机存储器 ,它采用EDO快速页面方式访问数据 ,适用于高带宽图形处理、数字信号处理和高性能计算机及其外围电路。本文介绍了它的特点、引脚功能、工作原理及典型应用。

Bond-distorted Orbitals and Their Application to Benzene

The present paper covers a kind of localized orbitals, namely bond-distorted or-bitals in the valence bond calculation. Test calculation on benzene is reported. The results indicate that Dewar structures are important in the description of benzene.

Research on the Development of Rural Commodity Economy in the Edo Period

The rural commodity economy in the Edo period developed by leaps and bounds under the influence of institution,policy,technology and other factors. From the mid 17 th century,the specific area of cash crops gradually took shape in Japan and the largescale cultivation of cash crops greatly promoted the development of rural handicrafts,thereby creating the conditions for the initiation of the capitalist relations of production. The development of rural commodity economy not only changed the traditional mode of operation and production of Japanese farmers,but also accelerated the class differentiation,shook and disintegrated the economic foundation and class basis of Bakuhan society,and created the preconditions for the later Meiji Restoration.

抗干扰GPS天线

EDO公司推出一种七单元抗干扰GPS天线，这种天线可供军用航空和船用平台使用。据报道，这种称作N79—3系列无源天线可对L1和L2扩展频段提供相当好的增益和辐射方向图覆盖，该天线有六个辅助天线振子。在出现干扰或人为干扰时，它可连续接收GPS信号。

Assessment of Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases among Leprosy Patients Settlement at Ossiomo-Ogan Rehabilitation Center, Edo State, Nigeria

Background/Aim: Quality of life is reduced in people living with leprosy as a result of its impact on human activities. Lipid profile means pattern of lipids in the blood, which is routinely done to assess cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases among the leprosy patients settlement at Ossiomo-Ogan, Edo state. Method: Blood samples were collected from a total number of one hundred and eight (108) (57 leprosy patients and 51 controls) subjects. The lipid profiles of the participants were determined using standard methods. Results: Significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL in leprosy patients compared with the healthy controls were obtained. There is significant positive correlation between artherogenic index and levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.663;p < 0.001);triglyceride (r = 0.901;p < 0.001);HDL (r = 0.284;p = 0.003);and LDL (r = 0.626;p < 0.001) in leprosy patients. However, all the control subjects and 54 (94.7%) of the leprosy patients had low cardiovascular disease risk, while 3 (2.8%) indicated moderate CVD risk. None of the participants had high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: In this study, lipid profile levels of leprosy patients significantly increased despite moderate level of BMI. This study also showed significant positive correlation between the anthrogenic index of plasma and all the lipid profile. Many of the leprosy patients are not conscious of their diet which was tilted towards heavy carbohydrate and fatty meals. None of the participants is at high risk of cardiovascular diseases but the risk may increase with further elevation of the lipid profiles. Efforts should be made by all stakeholders to improve on the awareness of leprosy disease and encourage the sufferers to live decent lives.