Building well-developed ion-conductive highways is highly desirable for anion exchange membranes(AEMs).Grafting side chain is a highly effective approach for constructing a well-defined phaseseparated morphological st...Building well-developed ion-conductive highways is highly desirable for anion exchange membranes(AEMs).Grafting side chain is a highly effective approach for constructing a well-defined phaseseparated morphological structure and forming unblocked ion pathways in AEMs for fast ion transport.Fluorination of side chains can further enhance phase separation due to the superhydrophobic nature of fluorine groups.However,their electronic effect on the alkaline stability of side chains and membranes is rarely reported.Here,fluorine-containing and fluorine-free side chains are introduced into the polyaromatic backbone in proper configuration to investigate the impact of the fluorine terminal group on the stability of the side chains and membrane properties.The poly(binaphthyl-co-p-terphenyl piperidinium)AEM(QBNp TP)has the highest molecular weight and most dimensional stability due to its favorable backbone arrangement among ortho-and meta-terphenyl based AEMs.Importantly,by introducing both a fluorinated piperidinium side chain and a hexane chain into the p-terphenyl-based backbone,the prepared AEM(QBNp TP-QFC)presents an enhanced conductivity(150.6 m S cm^(-1))and a constrained swelling at 80℃.The electronic effect of fluorinated side chains is contemplated by experiments and simulations.The results demonstrate that the presence of strong electro-withdrawing fluorine groups weakens the electronic cloud of adjacent C atoms,increasing OH^(-)attack on the C atom and improving the stability of piperidinium cations.Hence QBNp TP-QFC possesses a robust alkaline stability at 80℃(95.3%conductivity retention after testing in 2 M Na OH for 2160 h).An excellent peak power density of 1.44 W cm^(-2)and a remarkable durability at 80℃(4.5%voltage loss after 100 h)can be observed.展开更多
“Bahasa jiwa bangasa”goes a Malay proverb,dubbing language the soul of a nation.Language and cultural exchange serve not only as a bridge for closer friendship between peoples around the world but also as a driver t...“Bahasa jiwa bangasa”goes a Malay proverb,dubbing language the soul of a nation.Language and cultural exchange serve not only as a bridge for closer friendship between peoples around the world but also as a driver to promote broader and deeper international cooperation in various fields.Mutual understanding of language and culture is a prerequisite for people-to-people connectivity.展开更多
Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation metho...Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this region.The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones.The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule.We employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation methods.From May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were conducted.In each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize crop.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)exchange.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were measured.The results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting trend.Notably,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize plants.Consequently,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utilization efficiency,irrespective of the irrigation method.Notably,drip irrigation displayed superior light use efficiency compared with flood irrigation.The final yield results corroborated these findings,indicating that drip irrigation yielded higher harvest index and overall yield than flood irrigation.The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of optimal irrigation methods commonly used in the Hetao Irrigation District.This research also serves as a reference for future irrigation studies that consider measurements of both carbon emissions and yield simultaneously.展开更多
目的为评价CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷高嵌体应用于根管治疗后牙缺损病例的临床效果。方法选择42例根管治疗后牙,应用高嵌体的牙体预备方式,采用CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM修复系统和IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷,即刻完成修复...目的为评价CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷高嵌体应用于根管治疗后牙缺损病例的临床效果。方法选择42例根管治疗后牙,应用高嵌体的牙体预备方式,采用CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM修复系统和IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷,即刻完成修复体并粘接;修复1年后复查,参照改良修正后的美国公众健康服务标准(US Public Health Service Criteria,USPHS),在修复体边缘染色、边缘继发龋、修复体边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、修复体邻接关系、患者满意度8个方面进行评价。结果修复体边缘染色C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;边缘继发龋C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;修复体邻接关系欠佳C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;在边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、患者满意方面表现优秀,成功率均为100%。结论椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.maxCAD高嵌体修复体在短期内可取得良好的修复效果。展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078272&22278340)。
文摘Building well-developed ion-conductive highways is highly desirable for anion exchange membranes(AEMs).Grafting side chain is a highly effective approach for constructing a well-defined phaseseparated morphological structure and forming unblocked ion pathways in AEMs for fast ion transport.Fluorination of side chains can further enhance phase separation due to the superhydrophobic nature of fluorine groups.However,their electronic effect on the alkaline stability of side chains and membranes is rarely reported.Here,fluorine-containing and fluorine-free side chains are introduced into the polyaromatic backbone in proper configuration to investigate the impact of the fluorine terminal group on the stability of the side chains and membrane properties.The poly(binaphthyl-co-p-terphenyl piperidinium)AEM(QBNp TP)has the highest molecular weight and most dimensional stability due to its favorable backbone arrangement among ortho-and meta-terphenyl based AEMs.Importantly,by introducing both a fluorinated piperidinium side chain and a hexane chain into the p-terphenyl-based backbone,the prepared AEM(QBNp TP-QFC)presents an enhanced conductivity(150.6 m S cm^(-1))and a constrained swelling at 80℃.The electronic effect of fluorinated side chains is contemplated by experiments and simulations.The results demonstrate that the presence of strong electro-withdrawing fluorine groups weakens the electronic cloud of adjacent C atoms,increasing OH^(-)attack on the C atom and improving the stability of piperidinium cations.Hence QBNp TP-QFC possesses a robust alkaline stability at 80℃(95.3%conductivity retention after testing in 2 M Na OH for 2160 h).An excellent peak power density of 1.44 W cm^(-2)and a remarkable durability at 80℃(4.5%voltage loss after 100 h)can be observed.
文摘“Bahasa jiwa bangasa”goes a Malay proverb,dubbing language the soul of a nation.Language and cultural exchange serve not only as a bridge for closer friendship between peoples around the world but also as a driver to promote broader and deeper international cooperation in various fields.Mutual understanding of language and culture is a prerequisite for people-to-people connectivity.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation Youth Branch(ZR2023QC157)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51979233)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2022KW-47,2022NY-220)the Heze University Doctoral Research Fund(XY21BS24,XY22BS17).
文摘Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this region.The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones.The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule.We employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation methods.From May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were conducted.In each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize crop.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)exchange.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were measured.The results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting trend.Notably,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize plants.Consequently,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utilization efficiency,irrespective of the irrigation method.Notably,drip irrigation displayed superior light use efficiency compared with flood irrigation.The final yield results corroborated these findings,indicating that drip irrigation yielded higher harvest index and overall yield than flood irrigation.The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of optimal irrigation methods commonly used in the Hetao Irrigation District.This research also serves as a reference for future irrigation studies that consider measurements of both carbon emissions and yield simultaneously.
文摘目的为评价CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷高嵌体应用于根管治疗后牙缺损病例的临床效果。方法选择42例根管治疗后牙,应用高嵌体的牙体预备方式,采用CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM修复系统和IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷,即刻完成修复体并粘接;修复1年后复查,参照改良修正后的美国公众健康服务标准(US Public Health Service Criteria,USPHS),在修复体边缘染色、边缘继发龋、修复体边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、修复体邻接关系、患者满意度8个方面进行评价。结果修复体边缘染色C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;边缘继发龋C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;修复体邻接关系欠佳C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;在边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、患者满意方面表现优秀,成功率均为100%。结论椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.maxCAD高嵌体修复体在短期内可取得良好的修复效果。