Eagles Are Hovering at the Cradle of Love Songs

In the late autumn of 2007,the Southwest Branch of China Airlines sent offone A319 airbus,named B6238,to cross over Mt.Gongkya (7556 meters above sea level) and safely land at the Kangding Airport - which is acknowledged as the world's second highest airport.The success of the experimental flight ends the history of unavailabil- ity of civil airline flights in Garze Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.It also marks the closure of the final preparation phase and readiness to move to the next stage-l...

Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of nestling Bald Eagles in coastal and inland Virginia

Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland population.Methods:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg toxicity.We analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone DMA-80.Results:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and reservoirs.Samples collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal counterparts.Moreover,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.

Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Birds of Prey and Owls in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Inland wetlands in Abu Dhabi Emirate are wintering and stopover sites for migratory birds of prey. We conducted long-term regular monitoring surveys in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve (AWWR) from January 1995 to December 2022. Both diurnal and occasionally nocturnal surveys were undertaken to record the migratory raptors and owls in the Wetland Reserve. During the study, a total of 1282 regular monitoring visits were undertaken and 27 species of diurnal raptors and owls representing five families and three orders were detected. These represent 57% of the total species of birds of prey recorded in the UAE. Overall, 63% of all the species that we observed were Accipitriformes followed by 26% Falconiformes and 11% Strigiformes. We found that changes in mean daily temperature have a positive effect on raptor species diversity and abundance in the Wetland Reserve. The species encounter rate was higher in low temperature as compared to high temperature and overall regression equation was statistically significant F (4, 1126) = 8.49), p = 0.00). However, the numbers of raptors did not vary significantly across the years (p = 0.51). Western Marsh-harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) were recorded to be the most abundant species in the wetland reserve followed by Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). However, the encounter rate of globally threatened Greater Spotted Eagle was detected to have significantly decreased since 2016. Moreover, 63% of the species detected were uncommon and rarely recorded such as 1) Saker Falcon 2) Lanner Falcon 3) Long-eared Owl & Merlin, which were the rare records from the wetland reserve. Furthermore, 27 years of regular monitoring in the wetland have yielded diverse diurnal raptors and owl fauna (H) = 0.83, (E) = 1.43 (Shannon Diversity Index). The results demonstrate that long-term monitoring surveys in arid environments are essential to determine the trends in the raptor populations and to document rare and globally important species.

多级压裂水平井周期性注气吞吐提高页岩油气藏采收率——以北美Eagle Ford非常规油气藏为例

在溶解气驱开发方式下,采用多级水力压裂水平井衰竭式开发页岩油气藏一次采油的采收率预测仅为5%~10%,因而如何提高采收率是一个不得不面对的棘手问题。近年来,对多级压裂水平井通过周期性注气吞吐来提高页岩油气藏采收率在北美Eagle Ford非常规油气藏的先导试验和大规模现场应用均取得了显著成效。为了加快中国非常规油气资源的高效开发利用,在调研相关文献的基础上,结合北美已有的成功经验,从作用机理、数值模拟和现场试验等多个方面对注气吞吐提高页岩油气藏采收率技术进行了论述,进而提出了有针对性的建议。研究结果表明:①大规模周期性注气吞吐作业能有效延长油井生命周期,提高页岩油气藏的采收程度,提高幅度是衰竭式的30%~70%;②对于溶解气油比低的油藏,注气吞吐提高采收率的机理是注入的气体扩散到压裂油藏中与剩余原油接触且溶解,使其体积膨胀,降低了原油黏度和表面张力,提高了原油的流动性,对于初始溶解气油比高的挥发油藏和凝析气藏,油相组分蒸发到注入的气体中是更重要的增油机理,而对于凝析气藏,在井筒附近的凝析油气化提高产量则是主要的增油机理;③上述增油机理决定了只有注入大量气体才能取得明显的效果,注入的天然气为甲烷含量90%的干气,北美注气吞吐大规模应用得益于比CO_(2)还便宜的低价天然气;(4)由于国内天然气价格较高,可以考虑采用CO_(2)吞吐,使用CO_(2)能减少温室气体的排放量,如其捕捉、存储和管输等问题能够得以解决,注CO_(2)吞吐应是国内首选。

泥岩微观组构对有机质赋存形式和孔隙发育的影响研究:以白垩系Eagle Ford页岩为例

以美国Texas州白垩系Eagle Ford页岩为研究对象,采用氩离子抛光场发射扫描电镜技术,并结合X射线能谱分析,对位于生油窗的原始岩心样品和位于生气窗的柱状模拟样品开展镜下有机质赋存形式和孔隙发育、演化特征研究。结果表明,Eagle Ford页岩样品在镜下的不同微区可以划分出硅质黏土质条带、钙质有孔虫化石和富颗石藻透镜体3种典型组构类型,并且不同类型组构中有机质赋存形式和孔隙发育、演化特征存在显著差异。其中,硅质黏土质条带中富集大量无定形干酪根和少量结构型干酪根,无定形干酪根在生油窗由于结构内部滞留了大量吸附油基本不发育孔隙,到了生气窗伴随吸附油裂解开始形成丰富的纳米级海绵状孔隙,而结构型干酪根由于异常低的生烃潜力,基本不发育孔隙;有孔虫化石腔室内部赋存的有机质代表早期充注的运移沥青,在生油窗发育大量气泡状孔隙和丰富的纳米级海绵状孔隙,但在生气窗纳米级孔隙发生相互融合,则开始以发育微米级孔隙为主;富颗石藻透镜体中赋存的有机质可能代表相对后期充注的运移沥青,在生油窗发育丰富的纳米级海绵状孔隙,并未见气泡状孔,且在生气窗由于异常高的有机质转化率,原矿物粒间孔重新暴露,有机质几乎被消耗殆尽。该研究结果不仅证实了泥岩中有机质孔隙的发育、演化特征受有机质类型和成熟度的双重控制,同时也为从泥岩微观组构、有机质赋存形式和有机孔发育非均质性三者之间的内在联系反演地下富有机质泥岩的生—排—滞留烃过程并揭示高过成熟阶段有机质孔隙的发育载体和保存机理提供了重要研究思路。

An Improved Bald Eagle Search Algorithm with Cauchy Mutation and Adaptive Weight Factor for Engineering Optimization

The Bald Eagle Search algorithm(BES)is an emerging meta-heuristic algorithm.The algorithm simulates the hunting behavior of eagles,and obtains an optimal solution through three stages,namely selection stage,search stage and swooping stage.However,BES tends to drop-in local optimization and the maximum value of search space needs to be improved.To fill this research gap,we propose an improved bald eagle algorithm(CABES)that integrates Cauchy mutation and adaptive optimization to improve the performance of BES from local optima.Firstly,CABES introduces the Cauchy mutation strategy to adjust the step size of the selection stage,to select a better search range.Secondly,in the search stage,CABES updates the search position update formula by an adaptive weight factor to further promote the local optimization capability of BES.To verify the performance of CABES,the benchmark function of CEC2017 is used to simulate the algorithm.The findings of the tests are compared to those of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(PSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)and Archimedes Algorithm(AOA).The experimental results show that CABES can provide good exploration and development capabilities,and it has strong competitiveness in testing algorithms.Finally,CABES is applied to four constrained engineering problems and a groundwater engineeringmodel,which further verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of CABES in practical engineering problems.

法欧安诺TN Eagle乏燃料外包装容器获准在美使用

【法国欧安诺公司网站2023年11月28日报道】法国欧安诺公司(Orano)2023年11月28日宣布,TN Eagle外包装容器已获得美国核管会(NRC)许可,能够用于乏燃料运输。这为欧安诺继续在美国拓展乏燃料运输业务奠定了基础。

Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report of a Bilateral Elongated Styloid Process

Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.

美国致密油开发现状及启示

美国页岩气勘探开发目前已进入快速发展阶段,同时也带动了页岩地层内致密油的开发。文中所指的致密油,是指以吸附或游离状态赋存于渗透率极低的暗色页岩、泥质粉砂岩和砂岩夹层系统中的自生自储、连续分布的石油聚集。目前,美国致密油的开发集中在Bakken,Eagle Ford和Barnett页岩区带内。其中Bakken致密油资源量为230×108t,可采资源量为5.9×108t,待发现资源量为3.7×108t油及相近数量的伴生气,2000年至今累计产油约2800×104t;Eagle Ford致密油赋存于区带北部,年产油约20×104t;Barnett待发现石油平均资源量为1400×104t,待发现致密油资源量为480×104t,其北区主要产油、南区主要产气,目前拥有8000余口生产井,截至2009年底,"致密油带"累计产油量达770×104t。我国广泛发育富有机质页岩,致密油的勘探潜力较大。

美国Eagle Ford页岩气开发对我国页岩气勘探开发的启示

据估计,我国的页岩气可采储量高达20万亿～36万亿m3,虽然我国页岩气储量评估处于初级阶段,但仍然可以肯定我国是页岩气资源丰富的国家之一,如果都能开发,按当前的天然气年产量计算,可以开发200多年。目前国内外多家企业聚焦中国,逐鹿页岩气,页岩气有望成为我国常规能源替代品,页岩气的勘探开发必将对我国乃至世界能源格局产生重大影响。但是由于页岩气储层致密,渗透率低至纳达西级,若不采取特殊的增产措施难以实现商业开发。美国是目前唯一实现页岩气商业开采的国家,技术和商业模式都相当成熟,中海石油斥资10多亿美元收购了美国页岩气主产区Eagle Ford 33.3%的股份,该地区页岩气地质储量高达6 000亿m3,开发前景广阔。为提升我国页岩气总体水平,笔者率领技术专家深入考察了美国Eagle Ford页岩气项目,增进了对水平钻井与分段压裂等关键技术的了解,同时分析了相应扶持政策,对中国页岩气的勘探开发具有重要的参考价值。

北美Eagle Ford深层页岩气藏开发特征及启示

我国四川盆地埋深3500 m以浅五峰组—龙马溪组超压页岩气已实现规模效益开发,目前正在探索埋深3500~4500 m深层页岩气有效开发技术。Eagle Ford为北美新兴深层页岩油气藏,与国内中深层开发区和深层探索区具备一定对比性,其开发技术政策及学习曲线可供参考借鉴。依托页岩气云数据智慧平台对2009—2019年Eagle Ford页岩油气藏干气产区6223口水平井的钻井、压裂、生产和成本参数进行系统分析。研究显示,Eagle Ford干气产区中深层开发效果大幅优于深层。目前中深层气井平均测深6013 m,水平段长2558 m,钻井周期25.3 d,平均段间距50.0 m,加砂强度3.81 t/m,用液强度24.2 m^(3)/m,百米段长最终可采储量(EUR)为677×10^(4)m^(3),单井钻压成本617万美元,百米水平段长压裂成本13.4万美元;深层气井平均测深6394 m,水平段长2423 m,钻井周期33.3 d,平均段间距50.0 m,加砂强度4.03 t/m,用液强度26.9 m^(3)/m,百米段长EUR为520×10^(4)m^(3),单井钻压成本697万美元,百米水平段长压裂成本16.1万美元。Eagle Ford干气产区工程组织施工效率高,水平井建井周期主要为100~150 d,目前建井周期100 d;不同水平段长对应单位钻压成本产气量呈三角形分布,中深层气井合理水平段长2300 m,深层气井合理水平段长1600 m。我国中深层成熟开发区应探索合理水平段长实现效益最大化,深层探索区初期应适当控制水平段长。

二三维联动的GIS系统体系结构构建技术

结合2维GIS的空间分析功能和3维GIS成熟的可视化技术,提出一个基于VREagle组件的二三维联动方式的GIS系统体系结构,实现了在数据层面和可视化层面上的系统二三维联动操作。通过某港区的应用系统项目开发中的实践证明,此体系结构能够为GIS系统提供逼真的3维交互界面,并辅助GIS空间分析功能的3维可视化效果。

Ether à go-go钾通道与恶性肿瘤

离子通道与恶性肿瘤的研究相关性日益受到重视,其中以钾通道的研究最为深入.Etheràgo-go钾通道(Eagl)由于在体内局限性分布、具有癌基因的特性以及在多种临床肿瘤组织中高频率表达的特点,已经成为前景乐观的恶性肿瘤诊治的靶点.本文综述Eagl钾通道与细胞周期和增殖的关系、致癌性及其致癌机制、在恶性肿瘤中的表达及其意义、分子成像技术检测活体内Eagl以及Eagl作为治疗靶点的实验研究进展.

关于CTL与EAGLE两种规划扩展目标表示语言的语义比较

在不确定的智能规划领域中,CTL和EAGLE是两种重要的扩展目标表示语言.虽然与CTL相比EAGLE具有可以表示规划意图和失败处理机制的特点,但是有关严格比较这两种目标表示语言语义的研究工作还不多.文章在规划的执行结构这一语义层次上对这两种语言做了严格的比较,证明了对于许多包括原来曾被认为无法用CTL表示的EAGLE规划目标而言,都存在着一个与之语义等价的CTL规划目标,并且进一步分析了这两种语言在表示规划目标和指导规划求解这两个层次上的优缺点.

茎突舌骨综合征23例诊治分析

目的:探讨茎突舌骨综合征的诊断和治疗特点。方法:对经手术治疗的23例茎突舌骨综合征的临床资料进行回顾性研究,探讨其临床症状、年龄、性别、茎突长度、临床检查等在该病中的特点,比较口咽径路和颈外径路手术治疗的价值。结果:(1)口咽部疼痛和异物感是该病的主要症状,占83%(19/23),其次为头痛、舌痛和耳部不适,占43%(10/23)。(2)女性发病多于男性。50～59岁和30～39岁为好发年龄,分别占43%(10/23)和30%(7/23)。(3)切除之茎突中91%(21/23)长度大于3cm,9%(2/23)的茎突短于3cm,但形态异常。(4)57%(13/23)的过长茎突可从口咽部触及。(5)通过颈外径路手术治疗能够安全、彻底地切除各种类型的病变茎突。结论:茎突舌骨综合征是头颈部疼痛的原因之一,完整的病史、仔细的茎突触诊以及影像学检查有助于该病的诊断。经颈外径路行茎突截除术是治疗该病的有效方法。

一种新的经口入路茎突截短术——扁桃体上极切开复位术

茎突综合征也称Eagle综合征，是因茎突过长或其方位、形态异常刺激邻近血管神经而引起的咽部异物感、咽痛或反射性耳痛、头颈部痛和涎液增多等症状的总称。常规治疗茎突综合征是经口内径路切除扁桃体后行茎突截短术。我院于2008年10月-2011年10月收治茎突综合征14例，其中5例采用“经口入路茎突截短术——扁桃体上极切开复位术”（以下简称“新方法”）的方法，现报道如下。

茎突综合征42例诊治分析

茎突综合征又称茎突过长征或Eagle综合征。茎突综合征由于茎突过长、方位异常可引起叫部异物感、咽痛、吞咽痛、头颈痛等症状，但由于症状的不明确性和多症状并存常导致误诊及漏诊而耽搁治疗[1]。其临床诊断主要根据病史、体征和辅助检查综合判断。本文回顾性分析我院近年来收治的茎突综合征患者的临床资料，从而为其明确诊断提供帮助，现报道如下。