Catalytic graphitization of Mo-B-doped polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fibers

A novel carbon fiber pretreatment was proposed.Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fibers were first anodized in H3PO4 electrolyte to achieve an active surface,and then coated with Mo-B catalysts by immersed the carbon fibers in a uniformly dispersed Mo-B sol.The as-treated carbon fibers were then graphitized at 2 400 ℃ for 2 h.The structural changes were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy(HRTEM).The results show that much better graphitization can be achieved in the presence of Mo-B,with an interlayer spacing(d002) of 0.335 8 nm and a crystalline size(Lc) of 28 nm.

DSC Study on the Polyacrylonitrile Precursors for Carbon Fibers

Different polyacrylonitrile （PAN） precursor fibers that displayed various thermal properties were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Results showed that some commercial PAN precursor fibers displayed double separated peaks and these fibers were of high quality because of their process stability during their conversion to carbon fibers of high performance. Some fabrication processes, such as spinning, drawing, could not apparently change the DSC features of a PAN precursor fiber. It was concluded that the thermal properties of a PAN precursor fiber was mainly determined from its comonomer content type and compositions.

Oxadiazole-Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber as Selective Adsorbent for Mercury Ion

A new oxadiazole-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber(PANAOF)was successfully fabricated by immobilizing the organic molecule 2-chloromethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole on aminated fiber(PANAF).The fibers were characterized completely by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.Compared with PANAF,PANAOF showed a higher adsorption capability for Hg^2+ions in aqueous solutions.The functionalized fiber PANAOF exhibited a highly selective adsorption for Hg^2+when coexisting with other metal ions viz.Pb^2+,Cd^2+,Cu^2+,Zn^2+,Ni^2+,Co^2+,Cr^3+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+.The PANAOF presented the best adsorption capacity for Hg^2+at pH 5.Moreover,the adsorption experimental data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm.Notably,the PANAOF almost retained its original adsorption capacity(112 mg/g)after five cycles,indicating its excellent reusability in practical applications.

Polyacrylonitrile/Graphene-Based Coaxial Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors have huge potential applications in the field of wearable electronic devices,such as flexible displays,flexible biosensors and implantable multimedia devices,due to their high-power density,fast charge-discharge rates,long cycling life,and relatively simple configuration.In this paper,we demonstrated hierarchically porous and continuous reduced graphene oxide-polyacrylonitrile@polyacrylonitrile(rGO-PAN@PAN)coaxial fibers with certain strength,excellent electrochemical performance through coaxial wet spinning and thermal reduction.Coaxial fibers are carbonized at high temperature and have a graded porous structure with a conductivity of 1703 S/m.The areal specific capacitance of the supercapacitor assembled by polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid(PVA/H_(2)SO_(4))gel electrolyte is 11.56 mF/cm^(2),and its energy density reaches 0.21 mW·h/cm3,showing good electrochemical performance.Graphene-based coaxial fibers prepared by wet spinning have a great prospect of application in electronic devices due to their excellent properties.

Phase and Structural Transformation of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber during Two-Stage Thermal Stabilization

The influence of two-stage isothermal treatment on the change in the linear dimensions of the fiber, the average sizes of the coherent scattering regions, the texture and phase composition of the polyacrylonitrile fiber in the process of isothermal thermal stabilization is considered by the methods of dilatometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that preliminary short-term heat treatment at a lower temperature affects the process of structural transformations of the polyacrylonitrile fiber material and the formation of a new highly dispersed phase of the thermally stabilized fiber.

Structural Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile Fibers in Stabilization and Carbonization

The effect of structural evolution polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on mechanical properties was investigated in stabilization and carbonization. PAN spun fibers were stabilized in a convection oven with a constant tension for various times at 250℃. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel fraction results suggested that intra and intermolecular stabilization reactions occurred simultaneously. X-ray diffractograms revealed a disruption of crystalline structure and an appearance of pre-graphitic structure of PAN fibers due to stabilization. These structural changes by stabilization resulted in the significant decrease of tensile properties of fibers. In Raman spectra with heat treated fibers from 400℃ up to 1200℃, the intensity ratio of the D to G bands (ID/IG) decreased as heat treatment temperature increased, indicating an increase of basal plane of graphitic layer of heat treated fibers. Tensile strength of heat treated fibers at 1200℃ was found to be as high as 2.2 GPa.

Comparison of Structure and Properties among Various PAN Fibers for Carbon Fibers

To find out the high-quality polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, some differences are sought by comparing domestic PAN fibers with the foreign ones. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, elemental analyzer, tensile-testing machine and high-temperature differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to characterize the individual microstructure, chemical structure, elemental content, mechanical properties and thermal properties. It is found that high-quality PAN fibers have high density, lower titre, higher or adequate tensile strength, and they also have better conglomeration structure, smaller crystal dimension with dispersive distribution, less microvoids and flaws.

Surface State of Carbon Fibers Modified by Electrochemical Oxidation

Surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was modified by electrochemical oxidation. The modification effect on carbon fibers surface was explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that on the modified surface of carbon fibers, the carbon contents decreased by 9.7% and the oxygen and nitrogen contents increased by 53.8% and 7.5 times, respectively. The surface roughness and the hydroxyl and carbonyl contents also increased. The surface orientation index was reduced by 1.5% which decreased tensile strength of carbon fibers by 8.1%, and the microcrystalline dimension also decreased which increased the active sites of carbon fiber surface by 78%. The physical and chemical properties of carbon fibers surface were modified through the electrochemical oxidative method, which improved the cohesiveness between the fibers and resin matrix and increased the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composite (CFRP) over 20%.

Comparative Study on Preparing Carbon Fibers Based on PAN Precursors with Different Comonomers

Two different PAN precursors with various comonomers were wet-spun. The properties and structurul changes of PAN precursors and their evolution during preoxidation and carbonization process were characterized by the use of DSC , FTIR and traditional parameters, e g, tensile strength. It is demonstrated that acrylamide（ AAM ） is very effective to make the DSC peak be separated compared to methyl acrylate （ MA ）. As a result, carbon fibers developed from AAM-contained precursors have a better tenacity compared to those developed from MAcontained ones.

Effects of Pre-oxidation Conditions on Adsorption Performance of Activated Carbon Fibers

In order to investigate the effects of pre-oxidation conditions on adsorption performance of activated carbon fibers （ ACFs ）, electrospun polyacrylonitrile （ PAN ） fiber webs were adopted as precursors for preparing ACFs. Firstly, the webs were stabilized under different pre-oxidation conditions; secondly, the pre-oxidative fibers were chemically activated by high temperature treatment in nitrogen. Pre-oxidation temperature, heating rate, and treatment time are the main factors on affecting the adsorption performance of the ACFs. Scanning electron microscope （ SEM）, differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） were used to characterize the structure and property of the pre-oxldatlve fibers, and the dynamic benzene adsorption capacity of benzene of ACFs was measured. The results indicate that the moderate pre-oxidation condition is necessary to prepare the ACFs with better adsorption capacity, and the optimal oxidation conditions are to increase from room temperature to 230 ~C with a heating rate of 0.75 ~C ~ min -1 held at the peak temperature for 30min.

DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF FIBERS Part 4:Fracture Behaviour of PET and PAN Fibers in Tension

The dynamic observation of the fracture processes of PET(polyethylene terephthalate)andPAN(polyacrylonitrile)fibers in tension was carried out under a scanning electron microscope.Thestepwisc micrographs taken revealed the features of crack initiation and crack growth and of thefailure of the fibers.The fracture behaviour of PET fibers in tension is characterized by theoccurence of shear bands,which initiate a crack whose development leads to the final failure of afiber.For tensile PAN fibers,a high concentration of cracks are initiate in the skin of a fiber,andthen a few or one of them develop themselves by way of pulse and lead to the final failure of the fi-ber.

A STUDY OF THE IMPOVEMENT OF TENACITY OF POLYACRYLONITRILE PREOXIDED FIBRE BY USING CUPROUS SALT

Polyacrylonitrile preoxided fibre PANOF is an intermediate in carbon fibre preparation. Thequality of PANOF is closely related to the property and structure of carbon fibre. In this paper, thermal mechanical analysis(TMA), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), swell-ing differential scanning calorimetry(SDSC)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)wereused to study the increase in tenacity of PANOF from the precursor treated with cuprous salt It has been discovered that the cuprous salt reacts strongly with the uncyclized CN of PANOF,resulting in an increase in the tenacity of PANOF by 30%. The results shwo that the cause of thistenacity improvement is the formation of coordinated complex. Cu^+is the central ion, and PANOFthe ligand. It is due to the coordinate bond that the network structure is formed from uncyclizedCN of PANOF. Therefore the tenacity of PANOF is remarkably increased.

Research on the Dynamic Performance of Polyacrylonitrile Muscles

The dynamic property of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) muscles was tested. The test results can help us to master PAN muscles' mechanical and chemical behaviors, which are indispensable for us to build dynamic model for the artificial muscle. Furthermore, here we provide an important experimental way to study gel muscles.

Review:Processing and Applications of Polyacrylonitrile Derived Carbon Materials

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) is a well-known polymer with features of great stability, outstanding physical and chemical resistance. Owing to its high carbon yield and stable performance, PAN has been widely used as a carbonizable precursor for preparing carbon materials with inherent N dopant through an oxidative stabilization and a following carbonization process. The structures and compositions of PAN precursors would further influence the formation of the resulting carbon materials. Hence, it is crucial to develop efficient processing methods to prepare PAN-based precursors with suitable morphologies and compositions. The obtained carbon materials with large surface area and good electric conductivity could be employed in a variety of fields such as structural materials, energy storage and conversion as well as adsorption and separation.

Sn-Zn合金包覆PAN基碳纤维/聚六氟丙烯有机光纤材料的制备

采用Sn-Zn合金包覆聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维,以聚六氟丙烯为载体制备塑料光纤(POF)皮层材料,并将POF皮层材料与聚苯乙烯光纤芯材进行匹配,研究了材料在力学性能、传输损耗性、光场强度方面的变化。结果表明:Sn-Zn合金表面包覆PAN基碳纤维与聚六氟丙烯结合紧密,作为POF皮层材料的效果良好,在最常见的650 nm波长、100 m内,传输低于100 Mb/s速率数据信息的能力符合要求,光信号基本环绕着光纤芯材传播,没有过多的光信号因为皮层材质的缘故而散失,表明该皮层材料与聚苯乙烯光纤芯材的匹配性较高。

聚丙烯腈纤维调控水泥基充填材料凝结硬化与力学性能研究

利用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维调控水泥基充填材料,对水泥基充填材料的凝结硬化时间、抗压强度、黏结强度、抗弯强度和抗拉强度进行了分析,研究了不同纤维掺量(0.5%、1%、1.5%)和不同长径比(100、200、300)的聚丙烯腈纤维对水泥基充填材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:当PAN纤维掺量为1.5%时,较CM组(不掺PAN纤维)的初凝和终凝时间分别降低了11.1%和5.7%;PAN纤维水泥基充填材料的抗压强度随着PAN纤维含量增加而降低。与CM组相比,当PAN纤维体积含量为0.5%、1.0%和1.5%时,抗压强度分别下降了13.0%、3.7%和7.4%;纤维掺量为1%、长径比为200的水泥基充填材料的抗弯强度较CM组增加了78.6%,增幅最大。水泥基充填材料的黏结强度和抗弯强度先增加,然后随着PAN体积掺量和长径比增加而降低;随着PAN纤维掺入,水泥基充填材料的抗拉强度有所提高,与CM组相比,PAN纤维水泥基充填材料的抗拉强度提高了36.4%~418.2%。

聚丙烯腈纤维与氨纶混纺织物的快速定量方法

为解决手工拆分法和65%硫氰酸钾法定量分析聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维与氨纶混纺织物时耗时耗力、存在操作隐患的不足,以三氯乙酸/三氯甲烷为试剂,建立了一种用于PAN纤维与氨纶混纺织物快速定量分析的方法,探讨了该方法的质量变化修正系数、溶解时间,验证了该方法的准确性,并与手工拆分法进行了对比。结果表明:三氯乙酸/三氯甲烷法较佳的分析条件为将混纺织物放入三氯乙酸/三氯甲烷溶剂(质量比11)中充分浸润后,置于20℃水浴振荡器中振荡15 min;该方法溶解PAN纤维几乎无损伤,对PAN纤维的质量变化修正系数为1.00;采用该方法对PAN纤维与氨纶混纺织物进行定量分析,实验结果准确性高,绝对偏差小于1.0%,且检测平均用时仅15 min,检测准确性和效率均优于手工拆分法,可实现PAN纤维与氨纶混纺织物的快速化、批量化定量,具有较高的应用和推广价值。

钢-聚丙烯腈纤维掺量对自密实混凝土流动性与力学性能的影响

为分析混杂纤维对自密实混凝土(SCC)工作性能和力学性能的影响,对不同养护龄期(7和28 d)、不同钢纤维(SF)掺量(0%、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%,体积分数)和聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)掺量(0%、0.04%、0.08%和0.12%,体积分数)的SCC进行坍落扩展度、J环坍落扩展度、V型漏斗通过时间、立方体抗压强度试验,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对SCC的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着纤维掺量增加,SCC的流动性和间隙通过性降低,抗离析性提升;单掺SF对SCC 7 d抗压强度的提高作用较单掺PAN显著;复掺纤维较单掺纤维对早期SCC抗压强度的提高作用更明显,且复掺纤维还能有效提升SCC的韧性与延性。

包载型聚丙烯腈/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维制备及其隔热性能

针对传统气凝胶纤维后处理操作复杂、加工不稳定等问题,且为有效集成纳米气凝胶与纳米纤维功能和结构优势,本文围绕新型气凝胶复合纳米纤维成形与结构调控的关键难题,利用溶液喷射同轴纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)与SiO_(2)气凝胶通过一步法制备PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维,研究了复合纳米纤维中SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度对纤维形态结构、稳定性、孔径分布、隔热性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维形态结构上呈三维卷曲状,SiO_(2)气凝胶的引入使纤维表面形成多孔褶皱型结构,且纤维表面的微孔、介孔含量随SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度的增加逐渐增多;该气凝胶复合纳米纤维具有优异的隔热性能,当SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度为6 mg/mL时,PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维在40℃的导热系数低至0.03738 W/(m·K),未来在服用保暖、工业隔热、军用热红外屏蔽等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

辐照聚丙烯腈纤维微观结构演变的同步辐射散射研究

预氧化是碳纤维制备过程中的关键步骤之一,在此过程中所产生的缺陷大部分将遗传至碳纤维中,所以聚丙烯腈(PAN)预氧化纤维的结构优化对提升碳纤维力学性能尤为重要。辐照是一种优化PAN预氧化纤维结构、有效改善PAN基碳纤维力学性能的改性方法。为探究高剂量电子束辐照PAN纤维在预氧化过程中微观结构的演变,本研究采用了同步辐射原位小角散射(SAXS)、广角散射(WAXS)对高剂量辐照及未辐照PAN纤维热处理过程进行表征,并结合差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TGA)和傅里变换叶红外光谱(FTIR)对PAN预氧化纤维进行表征分析。结果表明:高剂量(500 kGy)辐照促进了PAN纤维在热处理过程中的交联、环化反应,有效缓解了环化反应所引起的剧烈放热,降低了初始环化温度。同时,高剂量辐照对PAN纤维分子结构的破坏作用更加显著,高剂量辐照PAN纤维在热处理后的微孔横向尺寸(D)与取向角(B_(eq))分别降低至7.61 nm和8.58°,晶体层间距d_(002)减小至0.352 nm。综合来说,高剂量辐照使得PAN纤维微观结构在热处理后得到了改善,这有利于改善相应碳纤维的结构和性能。