Identification and Gene Mapping of Completely Dominant Earliness in Rice

The completely dominant earliness was identified in a genie male-sterile and early maturing indica line 6442S-7. F1 progenies from 6442S-7 crossed with thirteen various types of medium- or late-maturing varieties, shared the same heading date as 6442S-7. The segregation of heading date in the F2 and B1F1 populations showed that the earliness of 6442S-7 is mainly controlled by two dominant major genes. The local linkage map of one dominant earliness gene harbored in 6442S-7 was constructed with F2 population and four kinds of molecular marker techniques. The results showed that the gene was located between a RFLP marker C515 and a RAPD marker OPI 11.557 on the terminal region of short arm of rice chromosome 3, 10.9cM and 1.5cM from C515 and OPI11.557, respectively. The genetic distances from the target gene to two SSR markers, RM22 and RM231, and one AFLP marker, PT671, were 3.0, 6.7 and 12.4 cM, respectively. This gene, being identified and mapped first, is designated tentatively as Ef-cd(t). As a new genetic resource of completely dominant earliness, 6442S-7 has splendid future in rice improvement.

Isolation, Identification and Earliness Effect Analysis of Rice Dominant Earliness Gene Ef-cd

Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was isolated and its nearly isogenic lines were constructed by using early-maturing indica line 6442S-7 as the donor parent, and by using latematuring indica line Minghui 63 （MH63）, Shuhui 881 （SH881） and Shuhui 527 （SH527） as the recurrent parents （genetic background）, respectively. Further, it was found out that Ef-cd gene could generally advance rice to head 11-14 d earlier. So, it was considered that Ef-cd gene played an important role in rapid developing early-maturing and super high-yielding rice varieties.

Genetic Analysis of Earliness Traits in Short Season Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, date of first open boll （DFOB）, number of node first sympodial branch （NNFSB）, and harvested rate before frost （HRBF） as earliness traits of six parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 15 F2 progenies were investigated from 2005 to 2008. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Additive, dominance and epistasis effects were analyzed with ADAA （additive- dominance-epistasis） model. HRBF, DFF, and DFOB showed significant additive genetic variances. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.088 （HN, narrow sense） and 0.416 （HNE, environment interaction） for HRBF, to 0.103 （HN） and 0.524 （HNE） for DFF, and to 0.187 （HN） and 0.519 （H~） for DFOB. Dominance genetic effects for DFS, DFF, DFOB, and NNSFB were stronger than additive effects. Additive-by-additive epistatic effects for DFS, DFOB, and NNSFB were detected and affected by environment. Correlation analysis showed generally that HRBF had a significant negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with DFS, DFOB, and NNFSB; DFS had significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with DFF, DFOB, and NNFSB; significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also detected between DFF and DFOB, DFF and NNFSB, DFOB and NNFSB. The results showed that the lower the node to the first fruiting branch and the shorter the plant, the earlier was the onset of squaring, flowering, and boll opening, the higher was the harvest rate before frost. Heredity of earliness traits among parents and their hybrids were also detected and parents A1, A2, Bl, B2, and B3 could be used to improve earliness traits of short season cotton cultivars.

Scheduling problems on tardiness penalty and earliness award with simply linear processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date and simple linear processing times was considered. The objective is the total weighted tardiness penalty and earliness award. Some polynomial time solvable cases for this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm was provided and a branch and bound algorithm for general case of the problem was provided based on a rapid method for estimating the lower bound.

A dynamic programming algorithm for scheduling problems on earliness award and tardiness penalty with time-dependent processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date is considered. Job processing time is a linear decreasing function of its starting time. The objective function is to minimize the total weighted earliness award and tardiness penalty. Our aim is to find an optimal schedule so as to minimize the objective function. As the problem is NP-hard, some properties and polynomial time solvable cases of this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm for the general case of the problem is provided.

Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A,a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line

Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines （NILs） EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL（Hd1） and NIL（Hd4）. Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

Brief Analysis on the Earlier the Better in SL Learning

With the intense globalization and human migration,a worldwide attention to multiple languages,cultures and abilities to communicate effectively with people across languages and cultures has been aroused. Under such circumstance,the switch to an earlier start of second language introducing in school appears to be an international phenomenon. This paper just aims to make a discussion on the idea of the earlier the better in SL learning.

Analysis of the causative factors related to earlier emulsification of silicone oil

The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive case series undergone both SO injection and removal in our hospital, and 182 ones were eligible. Possible related independent factors included: macula status(on/off), concomitant phacoemulsification with the surgery of SO tamponading, concomitant status of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, combined surgery of retinotomy, time to have emulsification(<6 mo/≥6 mo after primary SO injection), route of SO injection(anterior/posterior), lens status(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic), anesthesia(local/general), brands and type of SO, with/without episcleral cryotherapy, with/without hypertension, with/without diabetes, with/without intraoperative use of triamcinolone acetonide. The study revealed that brand and type of SO was the significant factor related with earlier emulsification of SO. Further study was warranted to find out the underlying causes.

The First Discovery of the Earliest Devonian Conodont Zonal Fossil from the "Gavuu Member" in Mushgai Area of South Gobi,Mongolia

Conodont Caudicriodus woschimidti woschmidti has been found from a big outcrop (hill) of the Bayan-Kho-shuu Ruins Section which was previously assigned to the Silurian Gavuu Member of the Mandalovoo Formation. This is first time to find the lowermost Devonian conodont zonal fossil in Mongolia. The lower part of the Gavuu Member is Sil-urian. But the strata from where we collected samples M-9～M-12 definitely belong to Lower Devonian (lower Lochko-vian) rather than Lower Silurian. The Mandalovoo Formation should be named Mandalovoo Group, and its three mem-bers should be changed into three formations.

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the TP.Few microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the TP.The timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains controversial.In this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior TP.Our analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North China.Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 ka.This date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the TP.Taken together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

拟南芥EARLI1亚家族基因的研究进展

HyPRP家族EARLI1亚家族基因能够应答生物和非生物胁迫因素,是拟南芥防御体系的重要组成部分,它们在个体生长发育过程中也具有调控作用。文中分别介绍了有关AZI1、EARLI1、A T4G12490和AT4G12500等EARLI1亚家族基因功能的研究进展,阐述了它们在低温、盐、外源ABA和真菌病原体等环境和生物胁迫条件下的抗性特征。最后根据EARLI1亚家族基因的研究现状讨论和分析了它们在作物改良中的应用前景。

Is Earlier Really Better?——A Report of a Study Investigating the Effects of Earlier English Education in China

Although age has been considered to be a major factor determines success in learning asecond or foreign language by many scholars, we are unclear whether it is the learning contextor the biological capacity to learn that matters most. This study attempts to gain new insightsby investigating the effects of early English learning in China, a language learning contextoften marked by a lack of sufficient input in English. About 800 participants from twoschools in two geographic locations (Beijing and Tunxi) completed a survey, and took botha pre-test (September 2003) and a post-test (April 2004) with instruments developedspecifically for the study. The results obtained by a series of skill-specific, grade-specific,and school-specific two-way and three-way ANOVAs, and post-hoc contrasts indicate thatearly starters in Beijing outperformed late starters while there was hardly any advantage ofearly learning of English among school students in Anhui. This suggests that differences inteaching quality, and overall English environment, as well as possible the English exposureoutside urban and rural schools play a more significant role in learner success.

猴痘临床特征的早期识别及其对疫情防控的意义

近日,猴痘病毒(MPXV)新出现的亚分支Ⅰb引发了新一轮猴痘(Mpox)疫情。2024-08-14,Mpox再次被WHO列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)。Mpox病例的早发现、早诊断是阻断其在医院内传播的关键。本文将从Mpox的病原学特征、流行病学特征、临床特征、诊断标准、防控措施等方面进行综述,以期为Mpox的早期识别和科学防控提供参考。

Scatter Search Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Earliness/Tardiness Flowshop Scheduling with Uncertainty

Considering the imprecise nature of the data in real-world problems, the earliness/tardiness （E/T） fiowshop scheduling problem with uncertain processing time and distinct due windows is concerned in this paper. A fuzzy scheduling model is established and then transformed into a deterministic one by employing the method of maximizing the membership function of middle value. Moreover, an effective scatter search based particle swarm optimization （SSPSO） algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum of total earliness and tardiness penalties. The proposed SSPSO algorithm incorporates the scatter search （SS） algorithm into the frame of particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm and gives full play to their characteristics of fast convergence and high diversity. Besides, a differential evolution （DE） scheme is used to generate solutions in the SS. In addition, the dynamic update strategy and critical conditions are adopted to improve the performance of SSPSO. The simulation results indicate the superiority of SSPSO in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

First Discovery of the Earliest Angiospermous Megafossils in the World

The first discovery of the earliest angiospermous megafossils, so far in the world,was made by the authors from the Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation of Jixi Basin, eastern Heilongjiang Province,China.Among the angiospermous fossils there are 5 species belonging to 5 genera (including 4 gen.et sp.nov.) reported in this paper.Their microphyllous leaves with irregular venations show the characteristics of some primitive angiosperms whose age is mostly corresponding to the late Hauterivian-early Barremian, partly proved by the underlying conformably marine beds with the Valanginian-Hauterivian dinoflagellates revealed newly also by the authors.

糖尿病前期中西医结合早期诊断的国内外进展与挑战

糖尿病前期是一种表现为空腹血糖受损、糖耐量异常或两者的混合状态的疾病,属于中医“脾瘅”范畴。随着现代生活模式的改变,糖尿病前期的患病率不断升高,具有和糖尿病相当的预后风险,及时诊断并早期干预至关重要。本文从中医学和现代医学两个角度梳理了糖尿病前期的起源与定义,发现早在《素问》成书时,中医学便已对“脾瘅”形成了一定的认识。随着循证医学的发展和规范化临床研究的实施,我国逐步构建了具有中医特色的规范化糖尿病前期临床实践指南。在诊断方面,血糖检测指标类型和阈值、中医证候诊断、中西医结合诊断模型、疾病风险评分模型、生物标志物、可穿戴设备等多种无创中西医结合诊断方法不断完善,但多针对糖尿病患者的预防而非糖尿病前期的早期诊断和筛查;餐后1 h血糖可能是未来诊断糖尿病前期或糖尿病高危人群的新指标,但需进一步研究证实以推广使用。针对糖尿病前期中西医结合早期诊断面临的诊断标准的动态性、筛查流程的复杂性、临床症状的不典型性、疾病的低知晓性等挑战,未来需不断更新和完善诊断标准,融合数字化健康管理和可穿戴设备,充分发挥中医优势,构建针对糖尿病前期人群的基于中医宏观表征与组学微观数据相结合的疾病诊断模型,开发更简便、快捷的中西医结合筛查方法,实现糖尿病前期的“早筛查、早诊断、早干预、早康复”。

Simulated Annealing for Earliness/Tardiness Production Planning Model

To describe the earliness/tardiness production planning problems in the JIT environment, a nonlinear semi\|infinite programming model was proposed in \. Due to a nonconvex objective function and many infinite constraints, the model is difficult to be solved by traditional methods. In this paper, simulated annealing method combined with a heuristic is developed. Numerical results shows that the present approach is very efficient. Theoretically, the developed method is an attempt to solve a continuous domain problem by using simulated annealing.

Early identification of stroke through deep learning with multi-modal human speech and movement data

Early identification and treatment of stroke can greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.Although clinical tests such as the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale(CPSS)and the Face Arm Speech Test(FAST)are commonly used for stroke screening,accurate administration is dependent on specialized training.In this study,we proposed a novel multimodal deep learning approach,based on the FAST,for assessing suspected stroke patients exhibiting symptoms such as limb weakness,facial paresis,and speech disorders in acute settings.We collected a dataset comprising videos and audio recordings of emergency room patients performing designated limb movements,facial expressions,and speech tests based on the FAST.We compared the constructed deep learning model,which was designed to process multi-modal datasets,with six prior models that achieved good action classification performance,including the I3D,SlowFast,X3D,TPN,TimeSformer,and MViT.We found that the findings of our deep learning model had a higher clinical value compared with the other approaches.Moreover,the multi-modal model outperformed its single-module variants,highlighting the benefit of utilizing multiple types of patient data,such as action videos and speech audio.These results indicate that a multi-modal deep learning model combined with the FAST could greatly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of early stroke identification of stroke,thus providing a practical and powerful tool for assessing stroke patients in an emergency clinical setting.

Therapeutic potential of stem cells in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aneurysm rupture can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage,a condition with potentially severe consequences,such as disability and death.In the acute stage,early brain injury manifests as intracranial pressure elevation,global cerebral ischemia,acute hydrocephalus,and direct blood–brain contact due to aneurysm rupture.This may subsequently cause delayed cerebral infarction,often with cerebral vasospasm,significantly affecting patient outcomes.Chronic complications such as brain volume loss and chronic hydrocephalus can further impact outcomes.Investigating the mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injury is paramount for identifying effective treatments.Stem cell therapy,with its multipotent differentiation capacity and anti-inflammatory effects,has emerged as a promising approach for treating previously deemed incurable conditions.This review focuses on the potential application of stem cells in subarachnoid hemorrhage pathology and explores their role in neurogenesis and as a therapeutic intervention in preclinical and clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage studies.

Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls.Although these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.Furthermore,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics analysis.The study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for GDM.Predicting GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical relevance.Despite its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.