Study on Sonneratia apetala productivity in restored forests in Leizhou Peninsula, China

The exotic Sonneratia apetala in Leizhou Peninsula, has shown outstanding fast-growing ability in restored mangrove forests, at the middle and high tide intertidal zone, with year-round fresh water input from drainage. By setting plot and selecting standard tree, investigation and measurement on height growth, diameter growth, biomass, productivity, and so on, were made in a S. apetala plantation at age of six at Lanbei, Fucheng, Leizhou Peninsula in May 2001. The investigating results showed that the mean annual height growth of plantation was 2.03 m and mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) was 2.35 cm. There exists a significant correlation between the diameter at ground surface (DGS) and DBH. The average biomass of a single standard tree in dry weight was 95.647 kg/m2. A ratio of above-ground biomass to under-ground biomass was 1.60. The stand biomass of unit area was 22.955 kg/m2, singletree wood volume was 88.23 dm3, and the annual wood volume productivity (PA) of the same year was 0.407. The forest energy accumulation was 424.851 MJ/m2, with annual solar energy fixing rate of 40.68 ×10-7%. It is concluded that S. apetala species had characteristics of outstanding high biomass accumulation and could be used as coastal planting tree species in southern China.

SCISSORS DIFFERENCE AND ITS IMPACTS ON ECONOMIC VALUE OF CULTIVATED LAND IN CHINA

The problem of price scissors difference between industrial products and agricultural products is one of the important problems in China. It impacts not only the living standard improvement of farmers but also the economic value of cultivated land, furthermore results in the direct and indirect loss of cultivated land resources. China＇s cultivated land area has decreased dramatically in recent years. An important reason for the decrease is the relatively low cost of cultivated land occupancy, which results from the distortion of economic value of cultivated land due to the existence of scissors difference. This study firstly analyzed the dynamic change of scissors difference and calculated the absolute and relative magnitude of scissors difference from 1997 to 2002, then computed the economic value of cultivated land before and after scissors difference adjustment in 2002, and finally discussed the inverted scissors difference. Results suggest that the scissors difference has a remarkable impact on the economic value of cultivated land, and the adjustment of scissors difference even inverted scissors difference to the economic value of cultivated land is indisoensable.

Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China No.6,2019

State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 173 national standards and 3 national standards with amendment.

Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China No.7,2019

State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 374 national standards and 3 national standards with amendment.

Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China 2010 No.3(total No.158)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 163 national standards and 81 national reference materials.

Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China 2009 No.4 (total No.144)

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 314 national standards.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2010(2010 No.131)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 8 national measuring verification regulations in 2010 and publicize now.

Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 114 national standards and publicize now.……

Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China 2008 No.3(total No.116)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 121 national standards and 34 reference materials publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 NO.35

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 11 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China hasapproved the following 24 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards of P.R.China 2008 No.4(total No.117)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 3 national standards and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 No.22

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 10 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

nSrDNA Appraisal of High Yield Flocculant Compound Bacteria and Their Application Effect

High effect flocculant compound bacteria were screened out with the product bacteria of flocculant in soil. Their system appraising study shows that two were actionomyces and the other was microzyme among the three bacteria. According to nSrDNA, the three bacteria were marked at a molecule level and the system growth tree was established, ensuring the position of compound bacteria at the molecule level. The purificant which was made of the compound bacteria has spreading value because of its excellent clearing effect for organic and inorganic polluted water.

Ecological Security Assessment in County Area Based on P-S-R Model——A Case Study of Ningwu County,Shanxi Province

To further understand the status quo and change tendency of ecological security in county area, we took the example of Ningwu County, the headstream of Fenhe River, confronting serious eco-environment problem and considerable human impacts. Taking Ningwu as the study area and using variation coefficient method to determine the weights of the indices, we built ecological security pattern based on Pressure-State-Response （P-S-R） Model of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The ecological security status was evaluated by calculating eco-security index （ESI） with socio-economic statistical data of Ningwu during 2001 -2010. The results showed that the situation of eco-security had been improved from heavy alarm to relative safety during 2001 -2010. It reflected that the ecological economic system in Ningwu County tended to be relaxed constantly after experienced a sharp conflict between ecological environment and economic growth. The ecological safety awareness was growing, however, by force of the objective requirements of population growth and economic development, the situation of ecological security was still unstable.

China's 60 years of industrial transformation reviewed

In China, the real industrialization and modernization process started in 1949, when the Chinese people were emancipated from the yoke of the Kuomintang and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) was founded. However, the road of emancipation has been a bumpy one. In particular, the emancipation of the mind has often been full of twists and turns. The tremendous liberation of social productive forces originated in the emancipation of the mind, whose truth has been tested by economic development practices. In the past 60 years China has paid tremendous efforts and costs in pursuit of emancipation, and today it still needs to emancipate the mind anew. For 60 years, since the formation of P.R. C, the country has kept pursuing the emancipation of the mind while exploring ways of change in institution, strategy and policy. In the first 30 years China attempted to devise an idealistic approach of transition to the socialist planned economic system, which was characterized by continuous revolution and movement. In the second 30 years China explored a realistic approach of transition to the socialist market economic system, which is characterized by incremental reform and opening-up. For six decades industry has remained at the forefront of transformation. The emancipation of the mind and the realization of change aim to ultimately make China a strong nation with an affluent people. The purpose of the six-decade struggle in new China is to erase the stigma of "being poor and blank," secure a firm and strong foothold in the world, restore China's status as a world power and let the Chinese people enjoy the affluence and welfare of a well-off society. The central mission of this national revitalization is to realize industrialization. Therefore, industrialization has been the central theme of China's revitalization in the past 60 years. After 60 years of industrialization, hundreds of millions of Chinese people are now able to enjoy ever-increasing wealth from industrial civilization. However, still a larger proportion of China's 1.3 billion people are awaiting industrial civilization. In this sense, industrialization is not only the focus of China's socioeconomic development but also the world's largest livelihood mission. Industrial development is more of a means of enhancing people's livelihood than a means of regaining the title as a world power. This will become one of the distinctive characteristics of China's industrialization in the new stage.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.