BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)is of great significance to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients,but early diagnosis of CRC requires more sensitive techniques.Peripheral blood ...BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)is of great significance to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients,but early diagnosis of CRC requires more sensitive techniques.Peripheral blood UL16-binding protein 2(ULBP2)and human fibrinogen degradation products(DR-70)are the main indicators for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.AIM To assess ULBP2 and DR-70 potential for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CRC to provide a reference.METHODS This study involved 60 patients with early-stage CRC(CRC group),50 patients with benign colorectal tumors(benign group),and 50 healthy patients(control group)enrolled at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Jiangsu Province Official Hospital between January,2020 and January,2022.ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood were determined and differences among the three groups and early diagnostic values for CRC were determined.Patients with CRC were divided into the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups,and ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood and diagnostic values were compared.RESULTS ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the control and benign groups(P<0.05);however,no significant differences were observed between the benign and control groups(P>0.05).Among the 60 patients with CRC followed up for two years,two died(3.33%)and 15 exhibited tumor metastasis,progression,or recurrence(25.00%).ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted.Area under the curve,sensitivity,and specificity of serum ULBP2 with DR-70 for the early diagnosis of CRC were higher than those of the single serum indices(P<0.05)in both the good and poor prognosis groups.CONCLUSION ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly high in patients with early-stage CRC.They improved the diagnostic rate of early-stage CRC and predicted patient prognosis,thereby showing clinical application potential.展开更多
With the advancement of medical research in recent years and the frequent occurrence of different types of cancer, breast cancer has gradually attracted the public’s attention. The incidence of breast cancer is risin...With the advancement of medical research in recent years and the frequent occurrence of different types of cancer, breast cancer has gradually attracted the public’s attention. The incidence of breast cancer is rising, mainly affecting women with a high mortality rate. According to the clinical treatment effect, early diagnosis and early treatment can effectively control the mortality of breast cancer and improve patient’s quality of life. Ultrasound radiomics is an emerging field that can extract quantitative high-dimensional data from ultrasound images. Recently, ultrasound radiomics has been widely used in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This paper analyzed the research progress of ultrasound radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.展开更多
Renal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system,and the number of deaths continues to increase.The standardized management of the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer is challenging due to...Renal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system,and the number of deaths continues to increase.The standardized management of the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer is challenging due to the great differences in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer in different regions.The Renal Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Quality Control Center(NCQCC)identified a lack of authoritative quality control standards as an opportunity to utilize its multidisciplinary membership to improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.The Renal Cancer Expert Committee of the NCQCC aims to promote quality control and national standardization,uniformity,and normalization of renal cancer diagnosis and treatment,which ultimately improved the survival rate and quality of life of renal cancer patients.A panel of experts with renal cancer surgery,renal cancer medicine,medical imaging,pathology and radiotherapy were drawn together and determined the quality control standards for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.The Indices includes 20 items that cover all key areas in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer,such as standard diagnosis,surgery treatment,systemic treatment,and prognostic evaluation.展开更多
Esophageal cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally,primarily due to its highly aggressive nature and poor survival rates.According to the 2020 global cancer statistics,there were approximately ...Esophageal cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally,primarily due to its highly aggressive nature and poor survival rates.According to the 2020 global cancer statistics,there were approximately 604000 new cases of esophageal cancer,resulting in 544000 deaths.The 5-year survival rate hovers around a mere 15%-25%.Notably,distinct variations exist in the risk factors associated with the two primary histological types,influencing their worldwide incidence and distribution.Squamous cell carcinoma displays a high incidence in specific regions,such as certain areas in China,where it meets the cost-effect-iveness criteria for widespread endoscopy-based early diagnosis within the local population.Conversely,adenocarcinoma(EAC)represents the most common histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Europe and the United States.The role of early diagnosis in cases of EAC originating from Barrett's esophagus(BE)remains a subject of controversy.The effectiveness of early detection for EAC,particularly those arising from BE,continues to be a debated topic.The variations in how early-stage esophageal carcinoma is treated in different regions are largely due to the differing rates of early-stage cancer diagnoses.In areas with higher incidences,such as China and Japan,early diagnosis is more common,which has led to the advancement of endoscopic methods as definitive treatments.These techniques have demonstrated remarkable efficacy with minimal complications while preserving esophageal functionality.Early screening,prompt diagnosis,and timely treatment are key strategies that can significantly lower both the occurrence and death rates associated with esophageal cancer.展开更多
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most common malignancy worldwide.The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer continue to rise,which leads to a great burden on public health.Circular RN...Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most common malignancy worldwide.The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer continue to rise,which leads to a great burden on public health.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),a new class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),have been recognized as important oncogenes or suppressors in regulating cancer initiation and progression.In breast cancer,circRNAs have significant roles in tumorigenesis,recurrence and multidrug resistance that are mediated by various mechanisms.Therefore,circRNAs may serve as promising targets of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer management.This study reviews the most recent studies about the biosynthesis and characteristics of circRNAs in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation,as well as the value of circRNAs in clinical applications as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in breast cancer.Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs function could help transform basic research into clinical applications and facilitate the development of novel circRNA-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.展开更多
This editorial comments on the article by Qu et al in a recent edition of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,focusing on the importance of early diagnosis in managing esophageal cancer and strategies for achie...This editorial comments on the article by Qu et al in a recent edition of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,focusing on the importance of early diagnosis in managing esophageal cancer and strategies for achieving“early detection”.The five-year age-standardized net survival for esophageal cancer patients falls short of expectations.Early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical strategies for improving the treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer.While advancements in endoscopic technology have been significant,there seems to be an excessive emphasis on the latest high-end endoscopic devices and various endoscopic resection techniques.Therefore,it is imperative to redirect focus towards proactive early detection strategies for esophageal cancer,investigate the most cost-effective screening methods suitable for different regions,and persistently explore practical solutions to improve the five-year survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer.展开更多
Diagnosing early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a clinical challenge.Hence,studying novel imaging aspects that could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of malignant pancreatic precursor lesions is imperative.This art...Diagnosing early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a clinical challenge.Hence,studying novel imaging aspects that could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of malignant pancreatic precursor lesions is imperative.This article aims to un-derscore the promising role of emerging imaging aspects that may facilitate the earlier diagnosis of PC,thereby improving its management and prognosis.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of sequential early enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.Methods:A total of 139 gastric cancer patients,treated between October 2021 and October 2023,were ran...Objective:To analyze the effect of sequential early enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.Methods:A total of 139 gastric cancer patients,treated between October 2021 and October 2023,were randomly selected and divided into two groups:Group A(68 cases,receiving early enteral nutrition)and Group B(71 cases,receiving sequential early enteral nutrition),using computer randomization.The effects of the interventions on both groups were compared.Results:Seven days post-operation,the levels of nutritional indicators in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).Group B showed significantly better levels of inflammatory factors and immune factors compared to Group A seven days post-operation(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate in Group B was 4.23%,2 significantly lower than that in Group A,which was 16.18%(χ=5.477,P=0.019).Conclusion:The utilization of sequential early enteral nutrition in gastric cancer patients after surgery demonstrated notable improvements in nutritional status and inflammation markers,along with enhanced immunity,effectively reducing postoperative complications.展开更多
Esophageal cancer(EC)is particularly common in China.With the continuing progress of multi-disciplinary therapy including early screening,minimally invasive techniques,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the 5-year survival...Esophageal cancer(EC)is particularly common in China.With the continuing progress of multi-disciplinary therapy including early screening,minimally invasive techniques,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the 5-year survival of EC has been improved in China.However,there are considerable disparities in the diagnosis and treatment quality among different regions.The Esophageal Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Quality Control Center(NCQCC)considers a set of authoritative quality control standards as an opportunity to eliminate the disparities and improve the overall survival and quality of life of EC.To further promote the quality control for standardized diagnosis and treatment of EC,the National Cancer Center commissioned the Esophageal Cancer Quality Control Expert Committee to draft and formulate the Chinese Quality Control Indices for Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer(2022 edition).The Indices includes 21 items that cover all key areas in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer,such as medical oncology,radiation oncology,endoscopy,and pathology.展开更多
The early diagnosis of cancer is vital for effective treatment and improved prognosis. Tumor biomarkers, which can be used for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of cancer, have emerged as a top...The early diagnosis of cancer is vital for effective treatment and improved prognosis. Tumor biomarkers, which can be used for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of cancer, have emerged as a topic of intense research interest in recent years. Nucleic acid, as a type of tumor biomarker, contains vital genetic information, which is of great significance for the occurrence and development of cancer. Currently, living cell nucleic acid probes, which enable the in situ imaging and dynamic monitoring of nucleic acids, have become a rapidly developing field. This review focuses on living cell nucleic acid probes that can be used for the early diagnosis of tumors. We describe the fundamental design of the probe in terms of three units and focus on the roles of different nanomaterials in probe delivery.展开更多
As peer reviewers of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,our weekly routine involves immersing ourselves in the newly published issue,particularly focusing on the realm of colorectal cancer(CRC)research.We diligentl...As peer reviewers of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,our weekly routine involves immersing ourselves in the newly published issue,particularly focusing on the realm of colorectal cancer(CRC)research.We diligently sift through various contributions,ranging from comprehensive reviews to original articles and other scholarly works.Through meticulous examination,we discern the most notable papers,delving into each with careful scrutiny to distill their merits and shortcomings.Undoubtedly,this undertaking demands considerable time and effort.Yet,it stands as an indispensable pursuit,affording us a profound comprehension of the latest breakthroughs in CRC research.Moreover,these meticulously curated selections furnish readers with invaluable resources,serving as enduring references for the nuanced exploration of this dynamic field.展开更多
This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more th...This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more than 70% of breast cancer patients in most high-income countries are diagnosed in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, only 20%-50% patients in the majority of low- and middleincome countries are diagnosed in these earlier stages. Most studies in the developed world show an association between an advanced clinical stage of breast cancer and delays greater than three months between symptom discovery and treatment start. The evidence assembled in this review shows that the median of this interval is 30-48 d in high-income countries but 3-8 mo in low- and middle-income countries. The longest delays occur between the first medical consultation and the beginning of treatment, known as the provider interval. The little available evidence suggests that access barriers and quality deficiencies in cancer care are determinants of provider delay in low- and middle-income countries. Research on specific access barriers and deficiencies in quality of care for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is practically non-existentin these countries, where it is the most needed for the design of cost-effective public policies that strengthen health systems to tackle this expensive and deadly disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer presents a challenge with its low early diagnosis and treatment rates,leading to high metastasis and mortality rates.The median survival time for advanced pancreatic cancer is a mere 3 mon...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer presents a challenge with its low early diagnosis and treatment rates,leading to high metastasis and mortality rates.The median survival time for advanced pancreatic cancer is a mere 3 months.However,there's hope:small pancreatic cancers diagnosed at an early stage(T1)or those less than or equal to 1 cm in diameter boast an impressive 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%.This underscores the critical importance of early pancreatic cancer detection for significantly improving prognosis.CASE SUMMARY Pancreatic cancer,a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,poses challenges in both diagnosis and treatment due to its occult and atypical clinical symptoms.Clinically,patients with recurrent pancreatitis should be vigilant,as it may be indicative of pancreatic cancer,particularly in middle-aged and elderly patients.Here,we presented the case of a patient who experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis within a span of 2 months.During the initial episode of pancreatitis,routine imaging failed to identify the cause of pancreatic cancer.However,upon recurrence of acute pancreatitis,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)revealed a space-occupying lesion approximately 1 cm in size in the pancreatic body.Subsequent EUS coupled with fine-needle aspiration examination demonstrated atypical pancreatic gland epithelium.Ultimately,the patient underwent surgery and was diagnosed with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas(severe epithelial dysplasia,focal cancer).CONCLUSION We recommend EUS for patients with recurrent pancreatitis of unknown etiology to exclude early pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Screening of the general population for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer using an occult blood bead detector supplemented by fiberogastroscopy was able to detect 103 cases with early esophageal cancer and g...Screening of the general population for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer using an occult blood bead detector supplemented by fiberogastroscopy was able to detect 103 cases with early esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer at Yangzhong County where the incidence was high from Apr. 1986 to Feb. 1992. Among them, there were 47 cancers of esophagus and 56 cancers of gastric cardia through pathological verification.. They took 17.1% (103/604) of the correspouding esophageal and gastric cardia caucers. We thought that about 90% of early esophageal and gastric cardia cancers have symptoms. We should couduct screening for high risk group in the area where the incidence is high at regular intervals. Besides, it is also important to strengthen propaganda for cancer prevention and self-protection for population, to emphasize the diagnosis and recognition of early cancer for medical workers.展开更多
Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor worldwide.However,the survival rate of breast cancer patients in China is 8%lower compared to that in European and American countries.Insufficient screen-ing co...Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor worldwide.However,the survival rate of breast cancer patients in China is 8%lower compared to that in European and American countries.Insufficient screen-ing coverage and low rate of early detection are key problems.Therefore,it is imperative to develop a set of guidelines for breast cancer screening,early diagnosis,and treatment strategies suitable for Chinese women.The National Health Commission,the National Cancer Center,and the National Cancer Quality Control Center col-lectively organized a committee of specialists with multidisciplinary backgrounds in breast surgery,oncology,radiotherapy,diagnostic imaging,ultrasound,pathology,epidemiology,and health economics.The committee collectively published"China Breast Cancer Screening,Early Diagnosis and Treatment Specification",in which the committee outlined a set of strategies of breast cancer screening,early diagnosis,and treatment suitable for China’s national conditions.The strategies were formulated based on clinical experience in breast cancer preven-tion and treatment,characteristics of breast cancer patients in China,and socioeconomic conditions.The purpose of this article is to provide an interpretation of the above guidelines as a reference for breast cancer screening.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)symptoms are commonly confused with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH),particularly in the early stages due to similarities between symptoms,and in some instances,underdiagnoses.Clinical methods have...Prostate cancer(PCa)symptoms are commonly confused with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH),particularly in the early stages due to similarities between symptoms,and in some instances,underdiagnoses.Clinical methods have been utilized to diagnose PCa;however,at the full-blown stage,clinical methods usually present high risks of complicated side effects.Therefore,we proposed the use of support vector machine for early differential diagnosis of PCa(SVM-PCa-EDD).SVM was used to classify persons with and without PCa.We used the PCa dataset from the Kaggle Healthcare repository to develop and validate SVM model for classification.The PCa dataset consisted of 250 features and one class of features.Attributes considered in this study were age,body mass index(BMI),race,family history,obesity,trouble urinating,urine stream force,blood in semen,bone pain,and erectile dysfunction.The SVM-PCa-EDD was used for preprocessing the PCa dataset,specifically dealing with class imbalance,and for dimensionality reduction.After eliminating class imbalance,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of the logistic regression(LR)model trained with the downsampled dataset was 58.4%,whereas that of the AUC-ROC of LR trained with the class imbalance dataset was 54.3%.The SVM-PCa-EDD achieved 90%accuracy,80%sensitivity,and 80%specificity.The validation of SVM-PCa-EDD using random forest and LR showed that SVM-PCa-EDD performed better in early differential diagnosis of PCa.The proposed model can assist medical experts in early diagnosis of PCa,particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings and making further recommendations for PCa testing and treatment.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy,magnifying endoscopy(ME),and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy(ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS:From March 2010 to Jun...AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy,magnifying endoscopy(ME),and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy(ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2012,a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy(HD-WLE) in four different referentialhospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE,ME,and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS:Among the 3675 lesions found,1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis,1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,631 as low-grade neoplasia,and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%,99.1%,85.5%,97.9% and 97.1%,respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%,98.8%,83.3%,98.6% and 97.6%,respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%,98.6%,82.1%,99.0% and 97.8%,respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.展开更多
Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic princi...Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic principles2.2.1 Colorectal cancer diagnosis2.2.2 Appendix on colorectal cancer imaging staging and diagnosis2.3 Principles of pathological diagnosis2.4 Staging.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the status of diagnosis and treatment of primary breast cancer in Beijing,2008.Methods:All the patients who were diagnosed as primary breast cancer in Beijing in 2008 were enrolled in this s...Objective:To investigate the status of diagnosis and treatment of primary breast cancer in Beijing,2008.Methods:All the patients who were diagnosed as primary breast cancer in Beijing in 2008 were enrolled in this study.Information of these patients,including the features of tumors,clinical diagnosis and treatment was collected,and filled in the well-designed questionnaire forms by trained surveyors.The missing data were partly complemented through telephone interviews.Results:A total of 3473 Beijing citizens were diagnosed as primary breast cancer(25 patients with synchronal bilateral breast cancer) in Beijing,2008.Of them 82.09% were symptomatic.19.02% and 34.11% were diagnosed using fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) and core needle biopsy(CNB),respectively.15.92% received sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) and 24.27% received breast conserving surgery(BCS).Among 476 cases with Her-2 positive,only 96 received anti-Her-2 therapy.We found that the standardization level varied in hospitals of different grades,with higher level in Grade-III hospitals.Of note,some breast cancer patients received non-standard primary tumor therapy:65.63% of the patients with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) received axillary lymph node dissection and 36.88% received chemotherapy;25.89% of the patients underwent breast conserving surgery without margin status;12.10% of the patients received chemotherapy less than 4 cycles.Conclusion:Although most breast cancer patients received basic medical care,the mode of diagnosis and treatment should be improved and should be standardized in the future in Beijing.展开更多
Contents1. Overview2. Screening and diagnosis2.1 Risk factors for lung cancer2.1.1 Smoking and passive smoking2.1.2 Indoor pollution2.1.3 Indoor radon exposure2.1.4 Outdoor air pollution2.1.5 Occupational factors2.1.6...Contents1. Overview2. Screening and diagnosis2.1 Risk factors for lung cancer2.1.1 Smoking and passive smoking2.1.2 Indoor pollution2.1.3 Indoor radon exposure2.1.4 Outdoor air pollution2.1.5 Occupational factors2.1.6 Family history of lung cancer and genetic susceptibility2.1.7 Other factors.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)is of great significance to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients,but early diagnosis of CRC requires more sensitive techniques.Peripheral blood UL16-binding protein 2(ULBP2)and human fibrinogen degradation products(DR-70)are the main indicators for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.AIM To assess ULBP2 and DR-70 potential for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CRC to provide a reference.METHODS This study involved 60 patients with early-stage CRC(CRC group),50 patients with benign colorectal tumors(benign group),and 50 healthy patients(control group)enrolled at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Jiangsu Province Official Hospital between January,2020 and January,2022.ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood were determined and differences among the three groups and early diagnostic values for CRC were determined.Patients with CRC were divided into the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups,and ULBP2 and DR-70 levels in the blood and diagnostic values were compared.RESULTS ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the CRC group than in the control and benign groups(P<0.05);however,no significant differences were observed between the benign and control groups(P>0.05).Among the 60 patients with CRC followed up for two years,two died(3.33%)and 15 exhibited tumor metastasis,progression,or recurrence(25.00%).ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted.Area under the curve,sensitivity,and specificity of serum ULBP2 with DR-70 for the early diagnosis of CRC were higher than those of the single serum indices(P<0.05)in both the good and poor prognosis groups.CONCLUSION ULBP2 and DR-70 serum levels were significantly high in patients with early-stage CRC.They improved the diagnostic rate of early-stage CRC and predicted patient prognosis,thereby showing clinical application potential.
基金This paper is a science and technology project of Qingyang City,“Comparative Study of Different Parts of Daylily based on the Association of Composition,Antibacterial,and Antioxidant.”(No.:QY-STK-2022B-146)Research on the Effects of Carvacrol on Autophagy,Apoptosis and Invasion,and Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and its Mechanism(No.:2021B-279)Research Results of the Innovation Fund Project of Gansu Provincial Universities“Study on Antioxidant Activity of Stem and Leaf Extracts of Daylily.”(No.2022A-129)。
文摘With the advancement of medical research in recent years and the frequent occurrence of different types of cancer, breast cancer has gradually attracted the public’s attention. The incidence of breast cancer is rising, mainly affecting women with a high mortality rate. According to the clinical treatment effect, early diagnosis and early treatment can effectively control the mortality of breast cancer and improve patient’s quality of life. Ultrasound radiomics is an emerging field that can extract quantitative high-dimensional data from ultrasound images. Recently, ultrasound radiomics has been widely used in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This paper analyzed the research progress of ultrasound radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
基金supported by Peking University First Hospital Domestic Multicenter Clinical Research Special Fund-Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Business Fund(grant number:2022CR54)Peking University Medical Innovation Translation Special Fund(grant number:2022FY03)+2 种基金Peking University First Hospital Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund(grant number:2022CX02)2020 Capital Health Development Research Spe-cial Project(grant number:2020-2Z-40713)National Key Research and Development Program Scheme(grant number:2023YFC2415500)。
文摘Renal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system,and the number of deaths continues to increase.The standardized management of the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer is challenging due to the great differences in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer in different regions.The Renal Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Quality Control Center(NCQCC)identified a lack of authoritative quality control standards as an opportunity to utilize its multidisciplinary membership to improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.The Renal Cancer Expert Committee of the NCQCC aims to promote quality control and national standardization,uniformity,and normalization of renal cancer diagnosis and treatment,which ultimately improved the survival rate and quality of life of renal cancer patients.A panel of experts with renal cancer surgery,renal cancer medicine,medical imaging,pathology and radiotherapy were drawn together and determined the quality control standards for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.The Indices includes 20 items that cover all key areas in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer,such as standard diagnosis,surgery treatment,systemic treatment,and prognostic evaluation.
基金Supported by Shandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project,No.202203030713Clinical Research Funding of Shandong Medical Association-Qilu Specialization,No.YXH2022ZX02031Science and Technology Program of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University,No.YTFY2022KYQD06.
文摘Esophageal cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally,primarily due to its highly aggressive nature and poor survival rates.According to the 2020 global cancer statistics,there were approximately 604000 new cases of esophageal cancer,resulting in 544000 deaths.The 5-year survival rate hovers around a mere 15%-25%.Notably,distinct variations exist in the risk factors associated with the two primary histological types,influencing their worldwide incidence and distribution.Squamous cell carcinoma displays a high incidence in specific regions,such as certain areas in China,where it meets the cost-effect-iveness criteria for widespread endoscopy-based early diagnosis within the local population.Conversely,adenocarcinoma(EAC)represents the most common histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Europe and the United States.The role of early diagnosis in cases of EAC originating from Barrett's esophagus(BE)remains a subject of controversy.The effectiveness of early detection for EAC,particularly those arising from BE,continues to be a debated topic.The variations in how early-stage esophageal carcinoma is treated in different regions are largely due to the differing rates of early-stage cancer diagnoses.In areas with higher incidences,such as China and Japan,early diagnosis is more common,which has led to the advancement of endoscopic methods as definitive treatments.These techniques have demonstrated remarkable efficacy with minimal complications while preserving esophageal functionality.Early screening,prompt diagnosis,and timely treatment are key strategies that can significantly lower both the occurrence and death rates associated with esophageal cancer.
基金supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515220184).
文摘Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most common malignancy worldwide.The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer continue to rise,which leads to a great burden on public health.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),a new class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),have been recognized as important oncogenes or suppressors in regulating cancer initiation and progression.In breast cancer,circRNAs have significant roles in tumorigenesis,recurrence and multidrug resistance that are mediated by various mechanisms.Therefore,circRNAs may serve as promising targets of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer management.This study reviews the most recent studies about the biosynthesis and characteristics of circRNAs in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation,as well as the value of circRNAs in clinical applications as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in breast cancer.Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs function could help transform basic research into clinical applications and facilitate the development of novel circRNA-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
基金Supported by the Education and Teaching Reform Project,the First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University,No.CMER202305Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,Chongqing Medical University,No.W0138.
文摘This editorial comments on the article by Qu et al in a recent edition of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,focusing on the importance of early diagnosis in managing esophageal cancer and strategies for achieving“early detection”.The five-year age-standardized net survival for esophageal cancer patients falls short of expectations.Early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical strategies for improving the treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer.While advancements in endoscopic technology have been significant,there seems to be an excessive emphasis on the latest high-end endoscopic devices and various endoscopic resection techniques.Therefore,it is imperative to redirect focus towards proactive early detection strategies for esophageal cancer,investigate the most cost-effective screening methods suitable for different regions,and persistently explore practical solutions to improve the five-year survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer.
文摘Diagnosing early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a clinical challenge.Hence,studying novel imaging aspects that could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of malignant pancreatic precursor lesions is imperative.This article aims to un-derscore the promising role of emerging imaging aspects that may facilitate the earlier diagnosis of PC,thereby improving its management and prognosis.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of sequential early enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.Methods:A total of 139 gastric cancer patients,treated between October 2021 and October 2023,were randomly selected and divided into two groups:Group A(68 cases,receiving early enteral nutrition)and Group B(71 cases,receiving sequential early enteral nutrition),using computer randomization.The effects of the interventions on both groups were compared.Results:Seven days post-operation,the levels of nutritional indicators in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).Group B showed significantly better levels of inflammatory factors and immune factors compared to Group A seven days post-operation(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate in Group B was 4.23%,2 significantly lower than that in Group A,which was 16.18%(χ=5.477,P=0.019).Conclusion:The utilization of sequential early enteral nutrition in gastric cancer patients after surgery demonstrated notable improvements in nutritional status and inflammation markers,along with enhanced immunity,effectively reducing postoperative complications.
基金supported by the Special Program for Basic Re-source Survey of the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant number:2019FY101101)National Key R&D Program of China(grant num-ber:2021YFC2501000).
文摘Esophageal cancer(EC)is particularly common in China.With the continuing progress of multi-disciplinary therapy including early screening,minimally invasive techniques,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the 5-year survival of EC has been improved in China.However,there are considerable disparities in the diagnosis and treatment quality among different regions.The Esophageal Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Quality Control Center(NCQCC)considers a set of authoritative quality control standards as an opportunity to eliminate the disparities and improve the overall survival and quality of life of EC.To further promote the quality control for standardized diagnosis and treatment of EC,the National Cancer Center commissioned the Esophageal Cancer Quality Control Expert Committee to draft and formulate the Chinese Quality Control Indices for Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer(2022 edition).The Indices includes 21 items that cover all key areas in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer,such as medical oncology,radiation oncology,endoscopy,and pathology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52373161,51973217)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program (20200201330JC, 20200201075JC, JJKH20201029KJ)The First Hospital of Jilin University Cross Disciplinary Program (2022YYGFZJC002)。
文摘The early diagnosis of cancer is vital for effective treatment and improved prognosis. Tumor biomarkers, which can be used for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of cancer, have emerged as a topic of intense research interest in recent years. Nucleic acid, as a type of tumor biomarker, contains vital genetic information, which is of great significance for the occurrence and development of cancer. Currently, living cell nucleic acid probes, which enable the in situ imaging and dynamic monitoring of nucleic acids, have become a rapidly developing field. This review focuses on living cell nucleic acid probes that can be used for the early diagnosis of tumors. We describe the fundamental design of the probe in terms of three units and focus on the roles of different nanomaterials in probe delivery.
基金Supported by The Shandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project,No.202203030713The Science and Technology Program of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University,No.YTFY2022KYQD06。
文摘As peer reviewers of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,our weekly routine involves immersing ourselves in the newly published issue,particularly focusing on the realm of colorectal cancer(CRC)research.We diligently sift through various contributions,ranging from comprehensive reviews to original articles and other scholarly works.Through meticulous examination,we discern the most notable papers,delving into each with careful scrutiny to distill their merits and shortcomings.Undoubtedly,this undertaking demands considerable time and effort.Yet,it stands as an indispensable pursuit,affording us a profound comprehension of the latest breakthroughs in CRC research.Moreover,these meticulously curated selections furnish readers with invaluable resources,serving as enduring references for the nuanced exploration of this dynamic field.
文摘This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more than 70% of breast cancer patients in most high-income countries are diagnosed in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, only 20%-50% patients in the majority of low- and middleincome countries are diagnosed in these earlier stages. Most studies in the developed world show an association between an advanced clinical stage of breast cancer and delays greater than three months between symptom discovery and treatment start. The evidence assembled in this review shows that the median of this interval is 30-48 d in high-income countries but 3-8 mo in low- and middle-income countries. The longest delays occur between the first medical consultation and the beginning of treatment, known as the provider interval. The little available evidence suggests that access barriers and quality deficiencies in cancer care are determinants of provider delay in low- and middle-income countries. Research on specific access barriers and deficiencies in quality of care for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is practically non-existentin these countries, where it is the most needed for the design of cost-effective public policies that strengthen health systems to tackle this expensive and deadly disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer presents a challenge with its low early diagnosis and treatment rates,leading to high metastasis and mortality rates.The median survival time for advanced pancreatic cancer is a mere 3 months.However,there's hope:small pancreatic cancers diagnosed at an early stage(T1)or those less than or equal to 1 cm in diameter boast an impressive 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%.This underscores the critical importance of early pancreatic cancer detection for significantly improving prognosis.CASE SUMMARY Pancreatic cancer,a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,poses challenges in both diagnosis and treatment due to its occult and atypical clinical symptoms.Clinically,patients with recurrent pancreatitis should be vigilant,as it may be indicative of pancreatic cancer,particularly in middle-aged and elderly patients.Here,we presented the case of a patient who experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis within a span of 2 months.During the initial episode of pancreatitis,routine imaging failed to identify the cause of pancreatic cancer.However,upon recurrence of acute pancreatitis,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)revealed a space-occupying lesion approximately 1 cm in size in the pancreatic body.Subsequent EUS coupled with fine-needle aspiration examination demonstrated atypical pancreatic gland epithelium.Ultimately,the patient underwent surgery and was diagnosed with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas(severe epithelial dysplasia,focal cancer).CONCLUSION We recommend EUS for patients with recurrent pancreatitis of unknown etiology to exclude early pancreatic cancer.
文摘Screening of the general population for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer using an occult blood bead detector supplemented by fiberogastroscopy was able to detect 103 cases with early esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer at Yangzhong County where the incidence was high from Apr. 1986 to Feb. 1992. Among them, there were 47 cancers of esophagus and 56 cancers of gastric cardia through pathological verification.. They took 17.1% (103/604) of the correspouding esophageal and gastric cardia caucers. We thought that about 90% of early esophageal and gastric cardia cancers have symptoms. We should couduct screening for high risk group in the area where the incidence is high at regular intervals. Besides, it is also important to strengthen propaganda for cancer prevention and self-protection for population, to emphasize the diagnosis and recognition of early cancer for medical workers.
文摘Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor worldwide.However,the survival rate of breast cancer patients in China is 8%lower compared to that in European and American countries.Insufficient screen-ing coverage and low rate of early detection are key problems.Therefore,it is imperative to develop a set of guidelines for breast cancer screening,early diagnosis,and treatment strategies suitable for Chinese women.The National Health Commission,the National Cancer Center,and the National Cancer Quality Control Center col-lectively organized a committee of specialists with multidisciplinary backgrounds in breast surgery,oncology,radiotherapy,diagnostic imaging,ultrasound,pathology,epidemiology,and health economics.The committee collectively published"China Breast Cancer Screening,Early Diagnosis and Treatment Specification",in which the committee outlined a set of strategies of breast cancer screening,early diagnosis,and treatment suitable for China’s national conditions.The strategies were formulated based on clinical experience in breast cancer preven-tion and treatment,characteristics of breast cancer patients in China,and socioeconomic conditions.The purpose of this article is to provide an interpretation of the above guidelines as a reference for breast cancer screening.
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)symptoms are commonly confused with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH),particularly in the early stages due to similarities between symptoms,and in some instances,underdiagnoses.Clinical methods have been utilized to diagnose PCa;however,at the full-blown stage,clinical methods usually present high risks of complicated side effects.Therefore,we proposed the use of support vector machine for early differential diagnosis of PCa(SVM-PCa-EDD).SVM was used to classify persons with and without PCa.We used the PCa dataset from the Kaggle Healthcare repository to develop and validate SVM model for classification.The PCa dataset consisted of 250 features and one class of features.Attributes considered in this study were age,body mass index(BMI),race,family history,obesity,trouble urinating,urine stream force,blood in semen,bone pain,and erectile dysfunction.The SVM-PCa-EDD was used for preprocessing the PCa dataset,specifically dealing with class imbalance,and for dimensionality reduction.After eliminating class imbalance,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of the logistic regression(LR)model trained with the downsampled dataset was 58.4%,whereas that of the AUC-ROC of LR trained with the class imbalance dataset was 54.3%.The SVM-PCa-EDD achieved 90%accuracy,80%sensitivity,and 80%specificity.The validation of SVM-PCa-EDD using random forest and LR showed that SVM-PCa-EDD performed better in early differential diagnosis of PCa.The proposed model can assist medical experts in early diagnosis of PCa,particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings and making further recommendations for PCa testing and treatment.
基金Supported by Profession Specific Funded Projects in Standar-dization of Targeted Therapy and Cell Therapy and Applied Research of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Cancer from Chinese Ministry of Health,No.200902002
文摘AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy,magnifying endoscopy(ME),and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy(ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2012,a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy(HD-WLE) in four different referentialhospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE,ME,and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS:Among the 3675 lesions found,1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis,1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,631 as low-grade neoplasia,and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%,99.1%,85.5%,97.9% and 97.1%,respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%,98.8%,83.3%,98.6% and 97.6%,respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%,98.6%,82.1%,99.0% and 97.8%,respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.
文摘Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic principles2.2.1 Colorectal cancer diagnosis2.2.2 Appendix on colorectal cancer imaging staging and diagnosis2.3 Principles of pathological diagnosis2.4 Staging.
基金supported by the grant from Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. D09050703650902)
文摘Objective:To investigate the status of diagnosis and treatment of primary breast cancer in Beijing,2008.Methods:All the patients who were diagnosed as primary breast cancer in Beijing in 2008 were enrolled in this study.Information of these patients,including the features of tumors,clinical diagnosis and treatment was collected,and filled in the well-designed questionnaire forms by trained surveyors.The missing data were partly complemented through telephone interviews.Results:A total of 3473 Beijing citizens were diagnosed as primary breast cancer(25 patients with synchronal bilateral breast cancer) in Beijing,2008.Of them 82.09% were symptomatic.19.02% and 34.11% were diagnosed using fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) and core needle biopsy(CNB),respectively.15.92% received sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) and 24.27% received breast conserving surgery(BCS).Among 476 cases with Her-2 positive,only 96 received anti-Her-2 therapy.We found that the standardization level varied in hospitals of different grades,with higher level in Grade-III hospitals.Of note,some breast cancer patients received non-standard primary tumor therapy:65.63% of the patients with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) received axillary lymph node dissection and 36.88% received chemotherapy;25.89% of the patients underwent breast conserving surgery without margin status;12.10% of the patients received chemotherapy less than 4 cycles.Conclusion:Although most breast cancer patients received basic medical care,the mode of diagnosis and treatment should be improved and should be standardized in the future in Beijing.
文摘Contents1. Overview2. Screening and diagnosis2.1 Risk factors for lung cancer2.1.1 Smoking and passive smoking2.1.2 Indoor pollution2.1.3 Indoor radon exposure2.1.4 Outdoor air pollution2.1.5 Occupational factors2.1.6 Family history of lung cancer and genetic susceptibility2.1.7 Other factors.