Artificial intelligence as a noninvasive tool for pancreatic cancer prediction and diagnosis

Pancreatic cancer(PC)has a low incidence rate but a high mortality,with patients often in the advanced stage of the disease at the time of the first diagnosis.If detected,early neoplastic lesions are ideal for surgery,offering the best prognosis.Preneoplastic lesions of the pancreas include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and mucinous cystic neoplasms,with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms being the most commonly diagnosed.Our study focused on predicting PC by identifying early signs using noninvasive techniques and artificial intelligence(AI).A systematic English literature search was conducted on the PubMed electronic database and other sources.We obtained a total of 97 studies on the subject of pancreatic neoplasms.The final number of articles included in our study was 44,34 of which focused on the use of AI algorithms in the early diagnosis and prediction of pancreatic lesions.AI algorithms can facilitate diagnosis by analyzing massive amounts of data in a short period of time.Correlations can be made through AI algorithms by expanding image and electronic medical records databases,which can later be used as part of a screening program for the general population.AI-based screening models should involve a combination of biomarkers and medical and imaging data from different sources.This requires large numbers of resources,collaboration between medical practitioners,and investment in medical infrastructures.

Value of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in diagnosis of 124 early gastric neoplastic lesions

Objective To investigate the value of intervening part(IP)ratio under magnifying endoscopy with narrowband imaging(ME-NBI)in the diagnosis of early gastric neoplastic lesions.Methods From September 2012 to May 2015,a total of 124 patients with suspected superficial gastric neoplastic lesions under white light endoscope(WLI)were enrolled,87 male with mean age of(63.

Early surgical intervention for structural infantile spasms in two patients under 6 months old:a case report

Background:Infantile spasms(IS)are the most common childhood epileptic encephalopathy.Focal cortical dysplasia(FCD)and gray matter heterotopias(GH)are common structural causes of IS.The recommended first-line treatment for IS patients with structural causes is surgical intervention,according to the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE)commission guidelines.However,there is currently no consensus on appropriate timings of surgery.Case presentations:Two structural IS cases are presented here:one was caused by FCD,and the other by GH.Both patients exhibited recurrent seizures at the age of 2 months,had poor responses to various antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)and displayed severe mental and motor developmental retardation.Seizure types included focal seizures and spasms.Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal gray signal or suspicious FCD lesions that coincided with the origin of the focal seizures.The patients underwent lesion resection before the age of 6 months.Follow-up observation showed that seizures of both patients were completely controlled several days after the surgery.All AEDs were gradually reduced in dosage within 1 year,and the mental and motor development almost returned to normal.Conclusion:Early resection of lesions in structural IS patients has benefits of effectively controlling convulsions and improving developmental retardation.Infants at several months of age can well tolerate craniotomy,and their cognitive development is more likely to return to normal after early surgery.