Earthquake has a significant impact on operation safety of the high speed railway,and for Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia where it is earthquake-prone,it is necessary to establish an earthquake ear...Earthquake has a significant impact on operation safety of the high speed railway,and for Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia where it is earthquake-prone,it is necessary to establish an earthquake early warning system to strengthen its earthquake resistance.Based on the principle and technical characteristics of China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system and combining the actual situations of Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia,this paper describes how to implement China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system in Jakarta-Bandung HSR.It focuses on optimizations in environmental adaptation design and seismic network interface design,earthquake attenuation model parameter adjustment and terminal software interface adjustment,so as to make the system better suit the local situations,and meet operation requirements and guarantee safe operation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR.展开更多
There has been rapid development of high-speed railway lines, especially passenger-dedicated railway lines, in China. Trains are traveling at speeds exceeding 250 km per hour and they require highly smooth tracks to e...There has been rapid development of high-speed railway lines, especially passenger-dedicated railway lines, in China. Trains are traveling at speeds exceeding 250 km per hour and they require highly smooth tracks to ensure safety. However, there have been no in-depth studies on the early warning of the settlement of high-speed railway lines in China or abroad. Most methods use a simple model based on data processing and decision rules. The core issues of early warning lie in the science and rationality of decision rules. The present paper therefore investigates novel and critical indexes for the warning of settlement under high-speed railway lines according to existing norms and field data, and several essential indexes of deformation warning are suggested through theoretical and experimental analysis.展开更多
Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nation...Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.展开更多
AIM To assess the performance and clinical relevance of the Early Warning Scoring(EWS)system at the Intermediate Care Unit(IMCU).METHODS This cohort study used all the Vital PAC EWS(Vi EWS)scores collected during each...AIM To assess the performance and clinical relevance of the Early Warning Scoring(EWS)system at the Intermediate Care Unit(IMCU).METHODS This cohort study used all the Vital PAC EWS(Vi EWS)scores collected during each nursing shift from 2014through 2016 at the mixed surgical IMCU of an academic teaching hospital.Clinical deterioration defined as transfer to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)or mortality within 24 h was the primary outcome of interest.RESULTS A total of 9113 aggregated Vi EWS scores were obtained from 2113 admissions.The incidence of the combined outcome was 272(3.0%).The area under the curve of the Vi EWS was 0.72(CI:0.69-0.75).Using a threshold value of six,the sensitivity was 68%with a positive predictive value of 5%and a number needed to trigger(e.g.,false alarms)of 19%.CONCLUSION The Vi EWS at the IMCU has a discriminative performance that is considerably lower than at the hospital ward.The number of false alarms is high,which may result in alarm fatigue.Therefore,use of the Vi EWS in its current form at the IMCU should be reconsidered.展开更多
目的探讨改良早期预警评分(modified early warning score,MEWS)联合SBAR[现状(situation)、背景(background)、评估(assessment)、建议(recommendation)]沟通模式在高危新生儿中的应用效果,为临床提供一种有效评估患儿病情变化的沟通...目的探讨改良早期预警评分(modified early warning score,MEWS)联合SBAR[现状(situation)、背景(background)、评估(assessment)、建议(recommendation)]沟通模式在高危新生儿中的应用效果,为临床提供一种有效评估患儿病情变化的沟通方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2022年8月至9月入住本院新生儿科病房的高危新生儿270例作为研究对象。以8月入院的高危新生儿为对照组,9月入院的高危新生儿作为试验组,每组分别纳入135例患儿。对照组患儿按照常规护理实施病情观察,试验组患儿在对照组基础采用MEWS联合SBAR沟通模式实施病情观察。比较两组高危新生儿预警事件发生情况,护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致率,医生对护士工作的满意率。结果两组均完成研究。对照组中63.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,试验组中92.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.622,P<0.001)。试验组护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致性(Kappa系数=0.926)高于对照组(Kappa系数=0.641);试验组医生对护士在专科知识、抢救应急能力、掌握病情情况、及时观察病情变化、医护配合、工作积极性、沟通能力、心理素质方面的满意率均高于对照组(80.0%~95.0%v30.0%~55.0%),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论MEWS与SBAR沟通模式联合应用,有助于护士准确评估患儿病情变化,及时有效完成医护沟通,提高护士观察、沟通和处理能力,也提高了医生对护士工作的满意度。展开更多
特高压直流GIL运行可靠性取决于内绝缘设计的可靠性。此外,导电元件直流电流密度的取值、弹簧触头的定位设计、GIL各元件中的绝缘件与金具连接处的楔形气隙的处理以及母线中支撑件的结构设计细节,都会对产品运行可靠性产生重大影响,不...特高压直流GIL运行可靠性取决于内绝缘设计的可靠性。此外,导电元件直流电流密度的取值、弹簧触头的定位设计、GIL各元件中的绝缘件与金具连接处的楔形气隙的处理以及母线中支撑件的结构设计细节,都会对产品运行可靠性产生重大影响,不能忽视。对于运行环境十分严酷的UHV DC GIL为保证内绝缘工作可靠性和减少气体维护工作量,文中还提出了高气密性结构设计。为适应-50℃低温运行要求,产品选用了液化温度很低的N_(2)/SF_(6)混合气体,对两种气体的配比,压力特性和绝缘特性进行了讨论与计算。还有产品的局放、气体密度及微水含量的监视系统的可靠性设计,都会对产品运行可靠性产生直接影响。文中对上述问题的研究成果作了介绍,可供高压直流产品设计使用。对其中未解的新技术如基于冷镜露点测试原理、微机电技术制作的智能气体湿度和密度监测装置、高压直流复合绝缘套管伞面局放起始场强提出了研究方案。文中提出的诸多GIL运行可靠性设计要点,对于其他超/特高压直流气体绝缘电器可参考选用。展开更多
文摘Earthquake has a significant impact on operation safety of the high speed railway,and for Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia where it is earthquake-prone,it is necessary to establish an earthquake early warning system to strengthen its earthquake resistance.Based on the principle and technical characteristics of China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system and combining the actual situations of Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia,this paper describes how to implement China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system in Jakarta-Bandung HSR.It focuses on optimizations in environmental adaptation design and seismic network interface design,earthquake attenuation model parameter adjustment and terminal software interface adjustment,so as to make the system better suit the local situations,and meet operation requirements and guarantee safe operation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR.
文摘There has been rapid development of high-speed railway lines, especially passenger-dedicated railway lines, in China. Trains are traveling at speeds exceeding 250 km per hour and they require highly smooth tracks to ensure safety. However, there have been no in-depth studies on the early warning of the settlement of high-speed railway lines in China or abroad. Most methods use a simple model based on data processing and decision rules. The core issues of early warning lie in the science and rationality of decision rules. The present paper therefore investigates novel and critical indexes for the warning of settlement under high-speed railway lines according to existing norms and field data, and several essential indexes of deformation warning are suggested through theoretical and experimental analysis.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2014ZX09J14102-02A)Special Topic on Military Health Care(17bjz41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81170249 and 30700305).
文摘Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.
文摘AIM To assess the performance and clinical relevance of the Early Warning Scoring(EWS)system at the Intermediate Care Unit(IMCU).METHODS This cohort study used all the Vital PAC EWS(Vi EWS)scores collected during each nursing shift from 2014through 2016 at the mixed surgical IMCU of an academic teaching hospital.Clinical deterioration defined as transfer to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)or mortality within 24 h was the primary outcome of interest.RESULTS A total of 9113 aggregated Vi EWS scores were obtained from 2113 admissions.The incidence of the combined outcome was 272(3.0%).The area under the curve of the Vi EWS was 0.72(CI:0.69-0.75).Using a threshold value of six,the sensitivity was 68%with a positive predictive value of 5%and a number needed to trigger(e.g.,false alarms)of 19%.CONCLUSION The Vi EWS at the IMCU has a discriminative performance that is considerably lower than at the hospital ward.The number of false alarms is high,which may result in alarm fatigue.Therefore,use of the Vi EWS in its current form at the IMCU should be reconsidered.
文摘目的探讨改良早期预警评分(modified early warning score,MEWS)联合SBAR[现状(situation)、背景(background)、评估(assessment)、建议(recommendation)]沟通模式在高危新生儿中的应用效果,为临床提供一种有效评估患儿病情变化的沟通方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2022年8月至9月入住本院新生儿科病房的高危新生儿270例作为研究对象。以8月入院的高危新生儿为对照组,9月入院的高危新生儿作为试验组,每组分别纳入135例患儿。对照组患儿按照常规护理实施病情观察,试验组患儿在对照组基础采用MEWS联合SBAR沟通模式实施病情观察。比较两组高危新生儿预警事件发生情况,护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致率,医生对护士工作的满意率。结果两组均完成研究。对照组中63.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,试验组中92.6%的预警事件是由护士发现,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.622,P<0.001)。试验组护士预警事件与医生处理事件的一致性(Kappa系数=0.926)高于对照组(Kappa系数=0.641);试验组医生对护士在专科知识、抢救应急能力、掌握病情情况、及时观察病情变化、医护配合、工作积极性、沟通能力、心理素质方面的满意率均高于对照组(80.0%~95.0%v30.0%~55.0%),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论MEWS与SBAR沟通模式联合应用,有助于护士准确评估患儿病情变化,及时有效完成医护沟通,提高护士观察、沟通和处理能力,也提高了医生对护士工作的满意度。
文摘特高压直流GIL运行可靠性取决于内绝缘设计的可靠性。此外,导电元件直流电流密度的取值、弹簧触头的定位设计、GIL各元件中的绝缘件与金具连接处的楔形气隙的处理以及母线中支撑件的结构设计细节,都会对产品运行可靠性产生重大影响,不能忽视。对于运行环境十分严酷的UHV DC GIL为保证内绝缘工作可靠性和减少气体维护工作量,文中还提出了高气密性结构设计。为适应-50℃低温运行要求,产品选用了液化温度很低的N_(2)/SF_(6)混合气体,对两种气体的配比,压力特性和绝缘特性进行了讨论与计算。还有产品的局放、气体密度及微水含量的监视系统的可靠性设计,都会对产品运行可靠性产生直接影响。文中对上述问题的研究成果作了介绍,可供高压直流产品设计使用。对其中未解的新技术如基于冷镜露点测试原理、微机电技术制作的智能气体湿度和密度监测装置、高压直流复合绝缘套管伞面局放起始场强提出了研究方案。文中提出的诸多GIL运行可靠性设计要点,对于其他超/特高压直流气体绝缘电器可参考选用。
