Development of the recombinant inbred line populations （RILs） is important basis to detect QTLs for cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. A set of 230 RILs derived from the cross of Towada and Kunmingxiaobaigu we...Development of the recombinant inbred line populations （RILs） is important basis to detect QTLs for cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. A set of 230 RILs derived from the cross of Towada and Kunmingxiaobaigu were used for evaluation of low-temperature response on major agronomic traits of plant height （PH）, panicle length （PL）, panicle exsertion （PE）, spikelet fertility （SF）, specific spikelet fertility （SSF）, and spikelets per panicle （SPP） under natural low-temperature growing environments in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed PH, PE, and SPP were mainly attributed by genotypes. PL was mainly influenced interactively by the genotypes × environments. SF and SSF were mainly controlled by the environments. Under the five different growth environments, F values of the six agronomic traits mentioned above ranged from 4.019 to 97.284. Significant difference was revealed between the lines. Under every environment, it indicated significantly positive correlation between SF and SSF, with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.826 to 0.885. It indicated significantly positive correlation between PH, PL, and PE. Under five different growing environments, variation coefficients of the six characters ordered in SSF （66.3%） 〉 PE （57.4%） 〉 SP （37.2%） 〉 SPP （16.2%） 〉 PH （9.6%） 〉 PL （6.4%）. SSF, PE and SF were most sensitive to low temperature stress at booting stage, while SPP, PH and PL being least. The RILs of Towada/ Kunmingxiaobaigu can be used as a genetic population to investigate cold tolerance at booting stage. SSF, PE and SF are most sensitive to cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. So far the the variation of PH, PL, and SPP related to cold tolerance are not clear under natural low-temperature environment. More tested environments and years are required to identify and evaluate cold tolerance at booting stage in rice.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effect of low temperature treatment on cotton leaves at the two-leaf stage.[Methods]Two cotton varieties(CN01 and SJB016(low temperature-tolerant))were used as the trial materials.They w...[Objectives]To investigate the effect of low temperature treatment on cotton leaves at the two-leaf stage.[Methods]Two cotton varieties(CN01 and SJB016(low temperature-tolerant))were used as the trial materials.They were treated at 25(CK)and 12℃(low temperature)for 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Then,the changes in the contents of MDA,SS and Pro in the cotton leaves were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,RNA-seq verification was performed.[Results]Two cotton varieties(CN01 and SJB016(low temperature-tolerant))were used as the trial materials.They were treated at 25(CK)and 12℃(low temperature)for 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Then,the changes in the contents of MDA,SS and Pro in the cotton leaves were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,RNA-seq verification was performed.[Conclusions]These genes may play an important role in improving the cold resistance of cotton.展开更多
Stress induced by low temperature, which represents a widespread environmental factor,strongly affects maize growth and yield. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanisms of maize se...Stress induced by low temperature, which represents a widespread environmental factor,strongly affects maize growth and yield. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanisms of maize seedlings in response to cold remain poorly understood. In this study, using RNA-seq, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of two sweet com inbred lines, "Richao"(RC) and C5, under cold stress. A total of 357 and 455 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified in the RC and C5 lines, respectively, 94 DEGs were detected as common DEGs related to cold response in both genotypes, and a total of 589 DEGs were detected as cold tolerance-associated genes. By combining protein function clustering analysis and significantly enriched Gene Ontology(GO) terms analysis,we suggest that transcription factors may play a dominating role in the cold stress response and tolerance of sweet com. Furthermore, 74 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, of those many genes involved in the metabolism and regulation of hormones. These results expand our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance in maize, and provide a set of candidate genes for further genetic analyses.展开更多
Flowering is the primary stage of the plant developmental transition and is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light and temperature.However,the mechanisms by which temperature signals are integrated i...Flowering is the primary stage of the plant developmental transition and is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light and temperature.However,the mechanisms by which temperature signals are integrated into the photoperiodic flowering pathway are still poorly understood.Here,we demonstrate that HOS15,which is known as a GI transcriptional repressor in the photoperiodic flowering pathway,controls flowering time in response to low ambient temperature.At 16℃,the hos15 mutant exhibits an early flowering phenotype,and HOS15 acts upstream of photoperiodic flowering genes(GI,CO,and FT).GI protein abundance is increased in the hos15 mutant and is insensitive to the proteasome inhibitor MG132.Furthermore,the hos15 mutant has a defect in low ambient temperature-mediated GI degradation,and HOS15 interacts with COP1,an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GI degradation.Phenotypic analyses of the hos15 cop1 double mutant revealed that repression of flowering by HOS15 is dependent on COP1 at 16℃.However,the HOS15-COP1 interaction was attenuated at 16℃,and GI protein abundance was additively increased in the hos15 cop1 double mutant,indicating that HOS15 acts independently of COP1 in GI turnover at low ambient temperature.This study proposes that HOS15 controls GI abundance through multiple modes as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and transcriptional repressor to coordinate appropriate flowering time in response to ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and day length.展开更多
Temperature-responsive polymers have garnered significant attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli.In this work,dual temperature-responsive block copolymers are synthesized via reversible addition...Temperature-responsive polymers have garnered significant attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli.In this work,dual temperature-responsive block copolymers are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization(RAFT)polymerization utilizing zwitterionic monomer methacryloyl ethyl sulfobetaine(SBMA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAAm) as monomers.The thermal responsive behaviors can be easily modulated by incorporating additional hydrophobic monomer benzyl acrylate(BN) or hydrophilic monomer acrylic acid(AA),adjusting concentration or pH,or varying the degree of polymerization of the block chain segments.The cloud points of the copolymers are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,and these copolymers exhibit both controlled upper and lower critical solu bility temperatures(LCST and UCST) in aqueous solution.This study analyzes and summarizes the influencing factors of dual temperature responsive block copolymers by exploring the effects of various conditions on the phase transition temperature of temperature-sensitive polymers to explore the relationship between their properties and environment and structure to make them more selective in terms of temperature application range and regulation laws.It is very interesting that the introduction of poly-acrylic acid(PAA) segments in the middle of di-block copolymer PSBMA_(55)-b-PNIPAAm_(80) to form PSBMA_(55)-b-PAA_(x)-b-PNIPAAm_(80) results in a reversal of temperature-responsive behaviors from 'U'(LCST UCST) type,while the copolymer PSBMA_(55)-b-P(NIPAAm_(80)-co-AA_(x)) not.This work provides a clue for tuning the phase transition behavior of polymers for manufacture of extreme smart materials.展开更多
探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和...探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和10 d时血液中各型白细胞百分比及嗜异性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes,H/L),以及第10天采血后植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin-P,PHA-P)反应的变化。结果显示:(1)随着温度下降,第1天只有嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比显著升高(P<0.05),此差异在第5天和第10天消失(P>0.05);第5天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比和H/L先升后降,淋巴细胞的百分比先降后升,单核细胞的百分比下降(P<0.05);第10天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比上升,淋巴细胞、嗜异性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比,以及H/L下降(P<0.05);(2)随着处理天数延长,除嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比无组内差异外(P>0.05),其他类型白细胞的百分比及H/L都有组内差异(P<0.05);(3)6℃组、17℃组和26℃组对PHA-P的反应分别在注射后48 h、24 h和48 h达到峰值,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。红耳龟通过调整血液中嗜酸性粒细胞等不同类型白细胞的百分比、下降的应激反应能力和提前发生反应的免疫应答来适应低温的短期胁迫。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30460065)the National 948 Key Program of Ministry of Agriculture of China (2006-G1)the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period of China (2006BAD13B01)
文摘Development of the recombinant inbred line populations （RILs） is important basis to detect QTLs for cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. A set of 230 RILs derived from the cross of Towada and Kunmingxiaobaigu were used for evaluation of low-temperature response on major agronomic traits of plant height （PH）, panicle length （PL）, panicle exsertion （PE）, spikelet fertility （SF）, specific spikelet fertility （SSF）, and spikelets per panicle （SPP） under natural low-temperature growing environments in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed PH, PE, and SPP were mainly attributed by genotypes. PL was mainly influenced interactively by the genotypes × environments. SF and SSF were mainly controlled by the environments. Under the five different growth environments, F values of the six agronomic traits mentioned above ranged from 4.019 to 97.284. Significant difference was revealed between the lines. Under every environment, it indicated significantly positive correlation between SF and SSF, with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.826 to 0.885. It indicated significantly positive correlation between PH, PL, and PE. Under five different growing environments, variation coefficients of the six characters ordered in SSF （66.3%） 〉 PE （57.4%） 〉 SP （37.2%） 〉 SPP （16.2%） 〉 PH （9.6%） 〉 PL （6.4%）. SSF, PE and SF were most sensitive to low temperature stress at booting stage, while SPP, PH and PL being least. The RILs of Towada/ Kunmingxiaobaigu can be used as a genetic population to investigate cold tolerance at booting stage. SSF, PE and SF are most sensitive to cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. So far the the variation of PH, PL, and SPP related to cold tolerance are not clear under natural low-temperature environment. More tested environments and years are required to identify and evaluate cold tolerance at booting stage in rice.
基金Supported by Integration and Demonstration Project of Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology of Cotton(2020YFD1001000)Special Fund for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology SystemProject of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2019-620-000-06)
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effect of low temperature treatment on cotton leaves at the two-leaf stage.[Methods]Two cotton varieties(CN01 and SJB016(low temperature-tolerant))were used as the trial materials.They were treated at 25(CK)and 12℃(low temperature)for 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Then,the changes in the contents of MDA,SS and Pro in the cotton leaves were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,RNA-seq verification was performed.[Results]Two cotton varieties(CN01 and SJB016(low temperature-tolerant))were used as the trial materials.They were treated at 25(CK)and 12℃(low temperature)for 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Then,the changes in the contents of MDA,SS and Pro in the cotton leaves were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,RNA-seq verification was performed.[Conclusions]These genes may play an important role in improving the cold resistance of cotton.
基金supported by the Sciences and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (Nos. 20148070706012, 20158020202006)the Foundation of the President of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. 201509)the Science and Information Technology Bureau of Guangzhou (No. 2013J2200083)
文摘Stress induced by low temperature, which represents a widespread environmental factor,strongly affects maize growth and yield. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanisms of maize seedlings in response to cold remain poorly understood. In this study, using RNA-seq, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of two sweet com inbred lines, "Richao"(RC) and C5, under cold stress. A total of 357 and 455 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified in the RC and C5 lines, respectively, 94 DEGs were detected as common DEGs related to cold response in both genotypes, and a total of 589 DEGs were detected as cold tolerance-associated genes. By combining protein function clustering analysis and significantly enriched Gene Ontology(GO) terms analysis,we suggest that transcription factors may play a dominating role in the cold stress response and tolerance of sweet com. Furthermore, 74 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, of those many genes involved in the metabolism and regulation of hormones. These results expand our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance in maize, and provide a set of candidate genes for further genetic analyses.
基金This research was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean Government(MSIT-2022R1A5A1031361 and MSIT-2020R1A2C3014814 to W.-Y.K.)the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021R1I1A1A01059532 to G.A.and NRF-2019R1I1A1A01041422 to H.J.P.)。
文摘Flowering is the primary stage of the plant developmental transition and is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light and temperature.However,the mechanisms by which temperature signals are integrated into the photoperiodic flowering pathway are still poorly understood.Here,we demonstrate that HOS15,which is known as a GI transcriptional repressor in the photoperiodic flowering pathway,controls flowering time in response to low ambient temperature.At 16℃,the hos15 mutant exhibits an early flowering phenotype,and HOS15 acts upstream of photoperiodic flowering genes(GI,CO,and FT).GI protein abundance is increased in the hos15 mutant and is insensitive to the proteasome inhibitor MG132.Furthermore,the hos15 mutant has a defect in low ambient temperature-mediated GI degradation,and HOS15 interacts with COP1,an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GI degradation.Phenotypic analyses of the hos15 cop1 double mutant revealed that repression of flowering by HOS15 is dependent on COP1 at 16℃.However,the HOS15-COP1 interaction was attenuated at 16℃,and GI protein abundance was additively increased in the hos15 cop1 double mutant,indicating that HOS15 acts independently of COP1 in GI turnover at low ambient temperature.This study proposes that HOS15 controls GI abundance through multiple modes as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and transcriptional repressor to coordinate appropriate flowering time in response to ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and day length.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22271207)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘Temperature-responsive polymers have garnered significant attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli.In this work,dual temperature-responsive block copolymers are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization(RAFT)polymerization utilizing zwitterionic monomer methacryloyl ethyl sulfobetaine(SBMA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAAm) as monomers.The thermal responsive behaviors can be easily modulated by incorporating additional hydrophobic monomer benzyl acrylate(BN) or hydrophilic monomer acrylic acid(AA),adjusting concentration or pH,or varying the degree of polymerization of the block chain segments.The cloud points of the copolymers are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,and these copolymers exhibit both controlled upper and lower critical solu bility temperatures(LCST and UCST) in aqueous solution.This study analyzes and summarizes the influencing factors of dual temperature responsive block copolymers by exploring the effects of various conditions on the phase transition temperature of temperature-sensitive polymers to explore the relationship between their properties and environment and structure to make them more selective in terms of temperature application range and regulation laws.It is very interesting that the introduction of poly-acrylic acid(PAA) segments in the middle of di-block copolymer PSBMA_(55)-b-PNIPAAm_(80) to form PSBMA_(55)-b-PAA_(x)-b-PNIPAAm_(80) results in a reversal of temperature-responsive behaviors from 'U'(LCST UCST) type,while the copolymer PSBMA_(55)-b-P(NIPAAm_(80)-co-AA_(x)) not.This work provides a clue for tuning the phase transition behavior of polymers for manufacture of extreme smart materials.
文摘探究低温对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)免疫功能和应激反应能力的影响,揭示红耳龟适应低温环境的生理学和免疫学基础,为深入了解其入侵生物学提供基础资料。采用活体背甲下静脉窦采血技术,测定了6℃、17℃和26℃条件下处理1、5和10 d时血液中各型白细胞百分比及嗜异性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes,H/L),以及第10天采血后植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin-P,PHA-P)反应的变化。结果显示:(1)随着温度下降,第1天只有嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比显著升高(P<0.05),此差异在第5天和第10天消失(P>0.05);第5天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比和H/L先升后降,淋巴细胞的百分比先降后升,单核细胞的百分比下降(P<0.05);第10天,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比上升,淋巴细胞、嗜异性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比,以及H/L下降(P<0.05);(2)随着处理天数延长,除嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比无组内差异外(P>0.05),其他类型白细胞的百分比及H/L都有组内差异(P<0.05);(3)6℃组、17℃组和26℃组对PHA-P的反应分别在注射后48 h、24 h和48 h达到峰值,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。红耳龟通过调整血液中嗜酸性粒细胞等不同类型白细胞的百分比、下降的应激反应能力和提前发生反应的免疫应答来适应低温的短期胁迫。
