Effects of alternating current imposition and alkaline earth elements on modification of primary Mg_2Si crystals in hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy

The effects of alternating current imposition and/or alkaline earth elements on modification of the primary Mg2Si crystals in the hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy were investigated.An alternating current of 60 A with frequency of 1 kHz was applied into the hypereutectic Mg-Si melt which was alloyed with alkaline earth elements or not in the fixed temperature range from 700 to 630℃. The results show that the primary Mg2Si crystals could be refined by imposing alternating current or adding alkaline elements. Compared with the samples treated by adding 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr,higher modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current.No further modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current combined with 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr addition.

Study on Earth Surface Potential and DC Current Distribution around DC Grounding Electrode

DC magnetic biasing problem,caused by the DC grounding electrode, threatened the safe operation of AC power grid. In this paper, the characteristics of the soil stratification near DC grounding electrode was researched. The AC-DC interconnected large-scale system model under the monopole operation mode was established. The earth surface potential and DC current distribution in various stations under the different surface thickness was calculated. Some useful conclusions are drawn from the analyzed results.

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Pulse Reversal Current Electrodeposition Ni-Co Alloy Coatings

The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.

Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and ordinary ground wire in transmission system

It is important for the safety of transmission system to accurately calculate single-phase earth fault current distribution.Features of double sided elimination method were illustrated.Quantitative calculation of single-phase earth fault current distribution and case verification were accomplished by using the loop method.Influences of some factors,such as single-phase earth fault location and ground resistance of poles,on short-circuit current distribution were discussed.Results show that:1) results of the loop method conform to those of double sided elimination method;2) the fault location hardly influences macro-distribution of short-circuit current.However,current near fault location is evidently influenced;and 3) the short-circuit current distribution is not so sensitive to the ground resistance of poles.

地磁感应电流多学科交叉研究进展

地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced currents,GIC)是指地球变化磁场在地球表面导体中产生的感应电流,可对电网、油气管道、高铁等人造基础设施造成严重破坏,包括电力系统失效、通信干扰和电子设备损坏等,影响其稳定运行和功能。研究GIC的意义在于深入理解其产生机理及影响因素,为制定相应的预防和应对策略提供科学依据。论文在深入总结GIC研究进展的基础上,详细阐述了GIC的产生机理及影响因素,包括宇宙空间、地球环境和电力系统对GIC的影响;概述了GIC的研究现状,分别从空间物理、地球物理和电气工程领域对GIC进行了综合评述;进而详细介绍了GIC估算的步骤,包括地磁场数据与建模、地电场和导体中GIC的计算;并重点分析了不同地球物理参数对GIC估算结果的影响以及互相之间的差异;最后,对GIC研究面临的挑战、地球物理在相关问题解决中的潜在贡献以及研究未来进行展望。

极低频电流场透地通信路径损耗建模与分析

针对水平方向地电极电流场无线强穿透信息传输需求,研究了基于极低频水平双电极电流场信道传输特性。考虑到电极半径、电极入土深度、电极间距、发射信号频率和信号传输距离等参数对透地(Through-The-Earth,TTE)通信传输性能的影响,建立了地电极电流场TTE通信路径损耗模型,分析了各参数对路径损耗的影响,确定了信号传输最佳工作参数。根据选定参数搭建了极低频电流场TTE通信系统,在200 m和400 m通信距离下测试了3~10 Hz信号的路径损耗,通过试验数据与仿真结果对比分析验证了模型的准确性。

基于馈线和电流的专用轨回流牵引供电系统接地故障保护

对于专用轨回流牵引供电系统,负极回流轨对地具有良好的绝缘特性,极大地限制了正极接地故障所产生的短路电流。由于负极母线电位下降、接地电阻较大等原因,现有的正极接地保护在实际应用中暴露出选择性差、灵敏度低等问题。本文通过对专用轨回流牵引供电系统短路电流以及负荷电流的潮流分析,提出以供电区间馈线和电流作为正极接地故障判断的特征量,并设计基于该故障特征量的保护方案,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真系统,验证了该保护方案的有效性。

超高层建筑单相接地短路保护的可靠性校验

论述自动切断电源作间接接触保护的校验的必要性,对超高层建筑的典型配电回路进行单相接地短路电流计算及断路器灵敏度校验,通过对提升灵敏度措施的比较分析,提供几点超高层建筑断路器和电缆选择的建议。

数据中心柴油发电机备用电源系统保护整定分析

使用SKM Power Tools软件对一个数据中心的单母线柴油发电机备用电源系统进行短路计算和电流保护整定分析,并对比两种常用接地方式的保护整定差异,目的是在系统故障或异常工况时,各保护能自动、迅速、有选择地切除故障,保护电气设备不受损坏并避免事故扩大。

中欧铁路交流牵引电流回流接地标准对比研究

回流接地系统在电气化铁路中具有重要的安全意义,为明确中、欧铁路回流接地标准的差异,推动我国标准国际化工作开展,对中、欧铁路交流牵引电流回流接地的安全接地设计、低压设备防护等标准进行对比研究。经总结对比得出,回流接地系统的基本原则保持一致,技术细节上存在差异,建议结合我国国情深入研究回流接地系统以完善优化标准,并积极参与标准国际化工作。

Method of Fault Area ＆ Section Location for Non-solidly Earthed Distribution System

中国中压配电网以架空线为主，多为小电流系统，单相接地故障占到电网故障总数的80％以上，但中国配网自动化系统基本上没有小电流接地故障定位功能，使配网自动化系统在提高可靠性的作用上大打折扣。给出一种小电流接地故障区段定位新方法，在线路上配置广域相量测量固定测点，获取小电流电网单相接地故障特征信息。基于测点相邻矩阵区段起始测点标识向量和故障路径标识向量概念，提出确定故障区间边界节点算法。物理模拟实验和挂网测试表明：该故障分区分段定位方法能够在线求解小电流接地故障段边界节点，缩小线路维护巡视范围。确定故障区间边界节点算法还可用于确定故障区相关负荷开关，为线路维护和馈线自动化提供依据。

Design and Testing of Three Earthing Systems for Micro-Grid Protection during the Islanding Mode

This paper presents and tests three earthing systems (TT, TN and IT) for Micro-Grid (MG) protection against various fault types when the MG transferred to the islanding mode. The main contribution of this work is including the models of all micro sources which interfaced to the MG by power electronic inverters. Inverters in turns are provided with current limiters and this also included with the inverter models to exactly simulate the real situation in the MG during fault times. Results proved that the most suitable earthing system for MG protection during the islanding mode is the TN earthing system. That system leads to a suitable amount of fault current sufficient to activate over current pro-tection relays. With using TN earthing system, touch voltages at the faulted bus and all other consumer’s buses are less than the safety limited values during islanding mode. For the two others earthing systems (TT and IT), fault currents are small and nearly equal to the over load currents which make over current protection relay can not differentiate between fault currents and overload currents. All models of micro sources, earthing systems, inverters and control schemes are built using Matlab?/Simulink? environment.

Current efficiency in electro-winning of lanthanum and cerium metals from molten chloride electrolytes

The objective of this study is to prepare lanthanum and cerium metals by fused salt electrolysis of their anhydrous chloride in molten media such as LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl and to characterize the metal deposit by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Deposit metal of purity more than 99 % was obtained in each of the experiments. The entire process starting from preparation of anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chloride to electrolysis yielding of metal deposits has been described. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, electrolyte composition, and current density on the current efficiency was studied. All these parameters were varied to get the highest current efficiency and metal yield. The major non-rare earth impurities with the deposit are found to be Fe, Cr, and Ni along with ～1×10-3 of total gaseous impurities.

Comparison the Performances of Three Earthing Systems for Micro-Grid Protection during the Grid Connected Mode

This paper presents, tests and compares three earthing systems (TT, TN and IT) for Micro-Grid (MG) protection against various fault types during the connected mode. The main contribution of this work is including the models of all the micro sources which interfaced to the MG by power electronic inverters. Inverters in turns are provided with current limiters and this also included in the inverter models to exactly simulate the real situation in the MG during fault times. Results proved that the most suitable earthing system for MG protection during the connecting mode is the TN earthing system. That system leads to a suitable amount of fault current sufficient to activate over current protection relays. With using TN system, Touch voltages at the faulted bus and all other consumer’s buses are less than the safety limited value if current limiter is included with the transformer of the main grid which connects MG. For the two others earthing systems (TT and IT), fault current is small and nearly equal to the over load current which make over current protection relay can not differentiate between fault current and overload current. All models of micro sources, earthing systems, inverters, main grid and control schemes are built using Matlab?/Simulink? environment.

Effects of Current-Injection on Superconductivity of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) in La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Bilayer

La0.8Te0.2MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-δ（F/S）bilayers were fabricated by electrophoretic technique. The thickness of La0.8Te0.2MnO3 is 70 μm, the dimensions of YBa2Cu3O7-δ superconductor are 5 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm. The image of cross-sectional profile was measured by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Standard four-probe method was used for YBa2Cu3O7-δ superconducting resistance measurements. Either 1 mA current is injected from S layer to F layer ((+Iinj)) or from F layer to S layer (-Iinj),the normal resistance is lower than that without current injection. The critical transition temperature is higher than that without current injection.

Current-voltage characteristics with several threshold currents in insulating low-doped La_(1–x)Sr_xMnO_3(x=0.10) thin films

The current-induced resistive switching behavior in the micron-scale pillars of low-doped La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 thin films using laser molecular-beam epitaxy was reported. It was demonstrated that the current-voltage curves at 120 K showed hysteresis with several threshold currents corresponding to the switching in resistance to metastable low resistance states, and finally, four closed loops were formed. A mode was proposed, which was based on the low-temperature canted antiferromagnetism ordering for a lightly doped insulating regime.

Study on ER Suspensions of Polyparapheneylene Doped with Rare Earth

Polyparapheneylene (PPP) was doped by CeCl 4 and FeCl 3, and then electrorheological (ER) suspensions were prepared by polymer powder with high dielectric constants and silicone oil. Under electric field, the change of viscosity, leakage current density and relative physical constants were measured. The relationships among electric field strength, particle concentration, viscosity and leakage current density were discussed. The speed of electrorheological response and the recovery time were studied and corresponding mechanisms were investigated.

126kV二氧化碳GIS快速接地开关感应电流开断特性研究

“双碳”目标背景下,研制无氟开关设备意义重大。该文采用二氧化碳(CO_(2))作为快速接地开关灭弧介质,建立电弧数学模型,开展126kV电压等级快速接地开关电磁感应电流开断仿真研究,分别计算无气吹、气吹辅助熄弧结构的快速接地开关感应电流开断过程气室压强、电弧温度、弧后介质绝缘恢复强度,分析讨论气缸半径、分闸速度、充气压强对快速接地开关开断能力的影响,提出适用于CO_(2)介质的快速接地开关熄弧结构设计方案。研究结果表明:与无气吹熄弧结构和吸气式辅助熄弧结构相比,采用压气式辅助熄弧结构的CO_(2)快速接地开关开断能力最强;增大气缸半径、提高分闸速度、增加充气压强均可进一步提升CO_(2)的熄弧性能。当气缸半径为45mm、分闸速度为2.55m/s,充气压强为0.8MPa时,压气式辅助熄弧结构CO_(2)快速接地开关可在燃弧后的第一个电流零点将电磁感应电流成功开断,弧后绝缘强度恢复速度为26.33kV/ms,高于标准规定的瞬态恢复电压(transient recovery voltage,TRV)23.34kV/ms的标准值。制作模型样机,验证了计算结果准确性,考核了样机的感应电流开合能力。研究结果成功指导并研制出一台126kV CO_(2)气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)用快速接地开关,具备B类感应电流开合能力。

地铁杂散电流引起动态地电位分布建模及影响因素分析

针对地铁运行导致变压器直流偏磁、埋地管道腐蚀而带来的地铁杂散电流干扰和影响评估问题,提出杂散电流引起动态地电位分布建模方法。通过将多区间、多列车地铁线路等效为多时变电源电阻网络模型,实现杂散电流实时分布计算;进一步将其等效为非均匀散流线电流源,结合线路地理信息,基于点电流源电场的空间数值积分实现地铁全周转时间内的地电位动态计算;利用CDEGS软件仿真和现场实测数据,验证模型计算结果的准确性。以国内某市1、2号线地铁线路为例,计算杂散电流引起大地电位波动区间,以电位梯度变化评估杂散电流干扰范围及程度,并分析机车运行工况、轨地过渡电阻和土壤电阻率因素对地电位梯度的影响规律。

地铁杂散电流影响下的地表电位计算及敏感性因素分析

为研究地铁杂散电流对交流电网的侵入范围和程度,根据实际运行下走行轨绝缘扣件的绝缘能力退化情况,建立杂散电流数学模型,推导得到每个轨枕泄漏的杂散电流。将地铁杂散电流离散为轨枕个数的有限点电流源,利用复镜像法求解格林函数的理论方法,建立地铁杂散电流引起地电位分布计算模型,并通过基于边界元法的商用接地软件CDEGS验证所提方法的准确性。讨论杂散电流泄漏量和土壤结构此类传统敏感性因素对城轨沿线地电位分布的影响,以及多线路交汇的交通枢纽地段多列车运行下的周围地电位波动情况。