Rare earth elements are strategic commodities in many countries, and an important resource for the growing modern technology industry. As such, there is an increasing interest for development of rare earth element pro...Rare earth elements are strategic commodities in many countries, and an important resource for the growing modern technology industry. As such, there is an increasing interest for development of rare earth element processing, and this work is a part of further development of chromatography as a rare earth element separation process method. Process optimization is pivotal for process development, and it is common that several competing objectives must be regarded. Chromatographic separation processes often consider competing objectives, such as productivity, yield, pool concentration and modifier consumption, which leads to Pareto optimal solutions. Adding robustness to a process is of great importance to account for process disturbances and uncertainties but generally comes with reduced performance of the other process objectives as a trade off. In this study, a model-based robust multi-objective optimization was carried out for batch-wise chromatographic separation of the rare earth elements samarium, europium and gadolinium, which was considered highly un-robust due to the neighbouring peaks proximity to the product pooling horizon. The results from the robust optimization were used to chart the required operation point changes for keeping the amount of failed batches at an acceptable level when a certain level of process disturbance was introduced. The loss of process performance due to the gained robustness was found to be in the range of 10% - 20% reduced productivity when comparing the robust and un-robust Pareto solutions at Pareto points with identical yield. The methodology presented shows how to increase robustness to a highly un-robust system while still keeping multiple objectives at their optima.展开更多
连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能...连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能力对于监视预警极为重要.针对基于CEI的GEO短弧定轨和预报,分析了定轨算法的形亏和数亏,在附加先验轨道约束的短弧定轨基础上,提出了轨道半长轴初值的自适应优化方法.利用亚太七号卫星的CEI仿真和实测数据进行了短弧定轨和预报,实验结果表明,采用优化后的半长轴初值,30min短弧定轨和10min预报的卫星位置分量精度均优于4km,能够满足非合作GEO目标机动后快速轨道恢复的需求.展开更多
It is well-known that the asteroids in the main belt trapped in the 3:1 Mean Motion Resonance (MMR) with Jupiter (at semi-major axes ～2.5 AU) are few in number, forming one of the so-called Kirkwood Gaps. Wisdom poin...It is well-known that the asteroids in the main belt trapped in the 3:1 Mean Motion Resonance (MMR) with Jupiter (at semi-major axes ～2.5 AU) are few in number, forming one of the so-called Kirkwood Gaps. Wisdom pointed out that chaotic motion of such aster-oids can increase their eccentricities and make them approach and cross the orbit of Mars (or even the Earth). We numerically investigated the orbital evolution of the asteroids involved in 3:1 MMR (NEOs) over millions of years and revisited the dynamical mechanisms of trans- porting such asteroids into the NEO region. The results show that the dynamical evolution of the asteroids around 2.5 AU is mainly dominated by the 3:1 resonance, the ν5 and ν6 secular resonances and the Kozai resonance, and these bodies can evolve into NEOs through several of the dynamical mechanisms, so indicating possible dynamical origin of the NEOs.展开更多
Under the framework of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA Follow Up Network for Solar System Objects, three near Earth asteroids, 367943 Duende, 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, were observed with the Lijiang ...Under the framework of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA Follow Up Network for Solar System Objects, three near Earth asteroids, 367943 Duende, 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, were observed with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope administered by Yunnan Observatories. The software package PRISM was used to calibrate the CCD fields and measure the positions of 99942 Apophis and2013 TV135, and our own software was used for 367943 Duende. A comparison of the results show that the ephemerides of INPOP10 a and JPL are consistent for99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, however, they are quite inconsistent for 367943 Duende. Moreover, we have found that differences between the mean values in the ephemerides of INPOP10 a and JPL are about 72 and-199 in right ascension and declination respectively for 367943 Duende. Moreover, the ephemeris published by JPL is reliable in terms of the mean observed-minus-calculated(O- C) residuals in right ascension and declination of about 2.72 and 1.49 respectively.展开更多
The French astronomer Charles Messier (1730- 1817) compiled a catalogue [1] of astronomical objects which reached109 innumber after additions by later astronomers were added. The catalogue contains galaxies, emission ...The French astronomer Charles Messier (1730- 1817) compiled a catalogue [1] of astronomical objects which reached109 innumber after additions by later astronomers were added. The catalogue contains galaxies, emission nebulae, a supernova remnant, a double star, globular clusters, open clusters, an asterism, a star cloud, and planetary nebulae. While the objective of Messier in compiling the catalogue was to guide comet hunters not to be confused by his objects which he thought looked like comets [2], the Messier Catalogue as it later became known became a standard guide to astronomers for a study of the sky’s “greatest hits” or the best samples of objects which can be observed and studied. This paper explores the value of the Messier Catalogue in the teaching of Astronomy and Earth Science. The range of objects is wide and contains some of the best examples of their type. The teaching method I propose is the actual observations of the objects through a telescope, with the corresponding explanation. Some principles which will be covered through this process are stellar evolution from the birth and death of stars, galaxy types, formation of galaxies, galactic interactions, life in the Universe, cosmology, and our place in the Universe.展开更多
针对地球静止轨道(GEO)空间目标探测任务中目标特征薄弱、尺度小和定位精度要求高的问题,提出SFFRetinaNet(Shallow focus and FreeAnchor RetinaNet)算法。该算法针对空间目标特征提取不充分的问题,设计了一种聚焦浅层特征的残差网络结...针对地球静止轨道(GEO)空间目标探测任务中目标特征薄弱、尺度小和定位精度要求高的问题,提出SFFRetinaNet(Shallow focus and FreeAnchor RetinaNet)算法。该算法针对空间目标特征提取不充分的问题,设计了一种聚焦浅层特征的残差网络结构,增强了网络对图像浅层特征的提取能力;引入了FreeAnchor检测器,将锚框匹配策略转化为极大似然估计问题进行优化,提高了目标检测框的定位精度;针对观测图像中目标样本数量匮乏、分辨率低及分布不均匀的问题,引入多分辨率融合的Copy-Paste数据增强方法,提高了算法的检测效果。SFF-RetinaNet算法在Kelvins SpotGEO挑战赛的数据集上进行了测试,mAP达到了71.28%,相较原算法提高了12.33%,算法检测速度提高了3fps,能够更好地应用于地球静止轨道空间目标检测任务。展开更多
文摘Rare earth elements are strategic commodities in many countries, and an important resource for the growing modern technology industry. As such, there is an increasing interest for development of rare earth element processing, and this work is a part of further development of chromatography as a rare earth element separation process method. Process optimization is pivotal for process development, and it is common that several competing objectives must be regarded. Chromatographic separation processes often consider competing objectives, such as productivity, yield, pool concentration and modifier consumption, which leads to Pareto optimal solutions. Adding robustness to a process is of great importance to account for process disturbances and uncertainties but generally comes with reduced performance of the other process objectives as a trade off. In this study, a model-based robust multi-objective optimization was carried out for batch-wise chromatographic separation of the rare earth elements samarium, europium and gadolinium, which was considered highly un-robust due to the neighbouring peaks proximity to the product pooling horizon. The results from the robust optimization were used to chart the required operation point changes for keeping the amount of failed batches at an acceptable level when a certain level of process disturbance was introduced. The loss of process performance due to the gained robustness was found to be in the range of 10% - 20% reduced productivity when comparing the robust and un-robust Pareto solutions at Pareto points with identical yield. The methodology presented shows how to increase robustness to a highly un-robust system while still keeping multiple objectives at their optima.
文摘连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能力对于监视预警极为重要.针对基于CEI的GEO短弧定轨和预报,分析了定轨算法的形亏和数亏,在附加先验轨道约束的短弧定轨基础上,提出了轨道半长轴初值的自适应优化方法.利用亚太七号卫星的CEI仿真和实测数据进行了短弧定轨和预报,实验结果表明,采用优化后的半长轴初值,30min短弧定轨和10min预报的卫星位置分量精度均优于4km,能够满足非合作GEO目标机动后快速轨道恢复的需求.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘It is well-known that the asteroids in the main belt trapped in the 3:1 Mean Motion Resonance (MMR) with Jupiter (at semi-major axes ～2.5 AU) are few in number, forming one of the so-called Kirkwood Gaps. Wisdom pointed out that chaotic motion of such aster-oids can increase their eccentricities and make them approach and cross the orbit of Mars (or even the Earth). We numerically investigated the orbital evolution of the asteroids involved in 3:1 MMR (NEOs) over millions of years and revisited the dynamical mechanisms of trans- porting such asteroids into the NEO region. The results show that the dynamical evolution of the asteroids around 2.5 AU is mainly dominated by the 3:1 resonance, the ν5 and ν6 secular resonances and the Kozai resonance, and these bodies can evolve into NEOs through several of the dynamical mechanisms, so indicating possible dynamical origin of the NEOs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Under the framework of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA Follow Up Network for Solar System Objects, three near Earth asteroids, 367943 Duende, 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, were observed with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope administered by Yunnan Observatories. The software package PRISM was used to calibrate the CCD fields and measure the positions of 99942 Apophis and2013 TV135, and our own software was used for 367943 Duende. A comparison of the results show that the ephemerides of INPOP10 a and JPL are consistent for99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, however, they are quite inconsistent for 367943 Duende. Moreover, we have found that differences between the mean values in the ephemerides of INPOP10 a and JPL are about 72 and-199 in right ascension and declination respectively for 367943 Duende. Moreover, the ephemeris published by JPL is reliable in terms of the mean observed-minus-calculated(O- C) residuals in right ascension and declination of about 2.72 and 1.49 respectively.
文摘The French astronomer Charles Messier (1730- 1817) compiled a catalogue [1] of astronomical objects which reached109 innumber after additions by later astronomers were added. The catalogue contains galaxies, emission nebulae, a supernova remnant, a double star, globular clusters, open clusters, an asterism, a star cloud, and planetary nebulae. While the objective of Messier in compiling the catalogue was to guide comet hunters not to be confused by his objects which he thought looked like comets [2], the Messier Catalogue as it later became known became a standard guide to astronomers for a study of the sky’s “greatest hits” or the best samples of objects which can be observed and studied. This paper explores the value of the Messier Catalogue in the teaching of Astronomy and Earth Science. The range of objects is wide and contains some of the best examples of their type. The teaching method I propose is the actual observations of the objects through a telescope, with the corresponding explanation. Some principles which will be covered through this process are stellar evolution from the birth and death of stars, galaxy types, formation of galaxies, galactic interactions, life in the Universe, cosmology, and our place in the Universe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61961040,61771089)the Sichuan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFQ0011)。
文摘随着低地球轨道(Low Earth orbit,LEO)卫星的网络结构日益复杂,高效的信息传输对于天地一体化网络(Space-ground integrated network,SGIN)的发展至关重要。本文通过同时考虑切换次数、仰角和可用信道数量等指标来优化多目标切换问题。通过数学建模将地球划分为多个区域,并将优化目标定义为切换次数和负载均衡的加权和,根据不同场景确定加权系数。通过设置表示信息传输质量的阈值,可以优化仰角。本文将天地一体化网络的卫星切换问题转化为整数线性规划(Integer linear programming,ILP)问题,并使用数学工具求解,以提供最优解。同时,由于在实际工程应用中基于ILP的策略具有较高的算法复杂性,本文还提出了一种基于二分图的启发式切换策略。通过对一个实际应用的低轨卫星星座(Globalstar)进行仿真实验,验证了本文所提出的切换策略的有效性。
