This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthqua...This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.展开更多
A GIS based decision making system is designed for earthquake emergency response for city governments. The system could be used for seismic hazard assessment, earthquake damage and losses evaluation, emergency respons...A GIS based decision making system is designed for earthquake emergency response for city governments. The system could be used for seismic hazard assessment, earthquake damage and losses evaluation, emergency response and post earthquake recovering. The principle, design criteria, structure and functions of the system are described in detials. The system is composed of four parts: an information and data base, analytical modules, a decision making subsystem and a user interface. The information and data base consists of 68 coverages, including historically and instrumentally recorded earthquakes, seismo tectonic zones, active faults, potential source areas, isoseismals of scenario earthquake, soil profiles, characteristics of buildings, and all infrastructure systems such as: transportation network (roads and bridges, culverts), oil pipeline network, gas, water, electric power, communication etc., distribution of citizens, rush repair schemes of infrastructures and so on. There are also 28 analytical modules established in the system for generating isoseismals of scenario earthquake, site effects estimation, damage and losses evaluation and decision making for rescue, relief, evacuation and other emergency response actions. As an illustration, the operation of this system for reoccurrence of a historical earthquake is demonstrated.展开更多
BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patie...BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patients were tracked in past earthquake disasters in Iran.METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out in 2015. This was an interview-based qualitative study using content analysis. The interviewed people included physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, disaster managers, Red Crescent Society' first responders and managers. Participants were identified using a snow ball sampling method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and entered into MAXQDA(version 10) for coding and content analysis.RESULTS: Three main themes and seven categories including content(recoding data), function(identification of victims, identification of the deceased, informing the patients' relatives, patients' evacuation and transfer, and statistical reporting), technology(the state of using technology) were identifi ed that showed the patient tracking status in past earthquakes in Iran.CONCLUSION: Participants believed that to identify and register the data related to patients or the dead, no consistent action plan was available. So developing a consistent patient tracking system could overcome this issue and improve patient safety.展开更多
Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that p...Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake.The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage,which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment.Emergency personnel were dispatched immedia-tely to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks,investigate the damage,and guide and assist in the relief efforts.This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.展开更多
The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen- sating the insufficiency of seismic d...The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen- sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper.展开更多
Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network （GSN） based on the inversion method of earthquake rup...Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network （GSN） based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows： 1 There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; 2 The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; 3 Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the ＂seismic Doppler effect＂ reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.展开更多
As an earthquake-prone country, China has made sustained efforts in the study of earthquakes and disaster mitigation during the past several decades, with China Seismological Bureau (CSB) as the backbone of these effo...As an earthquake-prone country, China has made sustained efforts in the study of earthquakes and disaster mitigation during the past several decades, with China Seismological Bureau (CSB) as the backbone of these efforts. Working towards this purpose, a series of key projects were implemented in the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” (1995-2000) to upgrade earthquake monitoring systems and to improve the supporting infrastructure, significant results in earthquake science were achieved. In the new century, we have worked out a blueprint for earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, which emphases 3 systems (i.e. Seismic Monitoring & Prediction, Seismic Hazards Prevention, Emergency Response), and 10 key projects in earthquake science and technology.展开更多
On January 1,2024,a devastating M 7.6 earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula,Ishikawa Prefecture,Japan,resulting in significant casualties and property damage.Utilizing information from the first six days after the eart...On January 1,2024,a devastating M 7.6 earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula,Ishikawa Prefecture,Japan,resulting in significant casualties and property damage.Utilizing information from the first six days after the earthquake,this article analyzes the seismic source characteristics,disaster situation,and emergency response of this earthquake.The results show:1)The earthquake rupture was of the thrust type,with aftershock distribution showing a north-east-oriented belt-like feature of 150 km.2)Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR),observations detected significant westward to north-westward co-seismic displacement near the epicenter,with the maximum horizontal displacement reaching 1.2 m and the vertical uplift displacement reaching 4 m.A two-segment fault inversion model fits the observational data well.3)Near the epicenter,large Peak Ground Velocity(PGV)and Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA)were observed,with the maxima reaching 145 cm/s and 2681 gal,respectively,and the intensity reached the highest level 7 on the Japanese(Japan Meteorological Agency,JMA)intensity standard,which is higher than level 10 of the United States Geological Survey(USGS)Modified Mercalli Intensity(MMI)standard.4)The observation of the very rare multiple strong pulse-like ground motion(PLGM)waveform poses a topic worthy of research in the field of earthquake engineering.5)As of January 7,the earthquake had left 128 deaths and 560 injuries in Ishikawa Prefecture,with 1305 buildings completely or partially destroyed,and had triggered a chain of disasters including tsunamis,fires,slope failures,and road damage.Finally,this paper summarizes the emergency rescue,information dissemination,and other disaster response and management measures taken in response to this earthquake.This work provides a reference case for carrying out effective responses,and offers lessons for handling similar events in the future.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51178157)the High-Level Project of the Top Six Talents of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.JXQC-021)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province (Grant No.182102310004)。
文摘This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.
文摘A GIS based decision making system is designed for earthquake emergency response for city governments. The system could be used for seismic hazard assessment, earthquake damage and losses evaluation, emergency response and post earthquake recovering. The principle, design criteria, structure and functions of the system are described in detials. The system is composed of four parts: an information and data base, analytical modules, a decision making subsystem and a user interface. The information and data base consists of 68 coverages, including historically and instrumentally recorded earthquakes, seismo tectonic zones, active faults, potential source areas, isoseismals of scenario earthquake, soil profiles, characteristics of buildings, and all infrastructure systems such as: transportation network (roads and bridges, culverts), oil pipeline network, gas, water, electric power, communication etc., distribution of citizens, rush repair schemes of infrastructures and so on. There are also 28 analytical modules established in the system for generating isoseismals of scenario earthquake, site effects estimation, damage and losses evaluation and decision making for rescue, relief, evacuation and other emergency response actions. As an illustration, the operation of this system for reoccurrence of a historical earthquake is demonstrated.
基金supported by vice chancellery of research,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
文摘BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patients were tracked in past earthquake disasters in Iran.METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out in 2015. This was an interview-based qualitative study using content analysis. The interviewed people included physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, disaster managers, Red Crescent Society' first responders and managers. Participants were identified using a snow ball sampling method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and entered into MAXQDA(version 10) for coding and content analysis.RESULTS: Three main themes and seven categories including content(recoding data), function(identification of victims, identification of the deceased, informing the patients' relatives, patients' evacuation and transfer, and statistical reporting), technology(the state of using technology) were identifi ed that showed the patient tracking status in past earthquakes in Iran.CONCLUSION: Participants believed that to identify and register the data related to patients or the dead, no consistent action plan was available. So developing a consistent patient tracking system could overcome this issue and improve patient safety.
文摘Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake.The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage,which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment.Emergency personnel were dispatched immedia-tely to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks,investigate the damage,and guide and assist in the relief efforts.This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.
基金sponsored by the National Science and Technological Support Program of the 11th "Five-year Plan"(2006BAC01B02-01-01)
文摘The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen- sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (20080440435)the project (DQJB09B06) from Institute of Geophysics (IGP),China Earthquake Administration (CEA). Contribution No. is 10FE3002, IGP-CEA
文摘Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network （GSN） based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows： 1 There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; 2 The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; 3 Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the ＂seismic Doppler effect＂ reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.
文摘As an earthquake-prone country, China has made sustained efforts in the study of earthquakes and disaster mitigation during the past several decades, with China Seismological Bureau (CSB) as the backbone of these efforts. Working towards this purpose, a series of key projects were implemented in the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” (1995-2000) to upgrade earthquake monitoring systems and to improve the supporting infrastructure, significant results in earthquake science were achieved. In the new century, we have worked out a blueprint for earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, which emphases 3 systems (i.e. Seismic Monitoring & Prediction, Seismic Hazards Prevention, Emergency Response), and 10 key projects in earthquake science and technology.
基金supported by National High-level Innovative Talents Scientific Research Project in Hebei Province,China(No.405492)JSPS KAKENHI(No.JP19KK0121)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42207224).
文摘On January 1,2024,a devastating M 7.6 earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula,Ishikawa Prefecture,Japan,resulting in significant casualties and property damage.Utilizing information from the first six days after the earthquake,this article analyzes the seismic source characteristics,disaster situation,and emergency response of this earthquake.The results show:1)The earthquake rupture was of the thrust type,with aftershock distribution showing a north-east-oriented belt-like feature of 150 km.2)Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR),observations detected significant westward to north-westward co-seismic displacement near the epicenter,with the maximum horizontal displacement reaching 1.2 m and the vertical uplift displacement reaching 4 m.A two-segment fault inversion model fits the observational data well.3)Near the epicenter,large Peak Ground Velocity(PGV)and Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA)were observed,with the maxima reaching 145 cm/s and 2681 gal,respectively,and the intensity reached the highest level 7 on the Japanese(Japan Meteorological Agency,JMA)intensity standard,which is higher than level 10 of the United States Geological Survey(USGS)Modified Mercalli Intensity(MMI)standard.4)The observation of the very rare multiple strong pulse-like ground motion(PLGM)waveform poses a topic worthy of research in the field of earthquake engineering.5)As of January 7,the earthquake had left 128 deaths and 560 injuries in Ishikawa Prefecture,with 1305 buildings completely or partially destroyed,and had triggered a chain of disasters including tsunamis,fires,slope failures,and road damage.Finally,this paper summarizes the emergency rescue,information dissemination,and other disaster response and management measures taken in response to this earthquake.This work provides a reference case for carrying out effective responses,and offers lessons for handling similar events in the future.
