Earthworm and microbe are very important soil organisms. They play an important role in the stability of ecosystem and the bioavailability of nutrients and heavy metals in soils. This article reviewed the function of ...Earthworm and microbe are very important soil organisms. They play an important role in the stability of ecosystem and the bioavailability of nutrients and heavy metals in soils. This article reviewed the function of earthworm and microbes in improving soil structure and controlling soil nutrients as well as their effects on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil through bioabsorption, enrichment, precipitation, dissolution, and oxidation-reduction. The aim is to provide a certain theoretical basis for modern agricultural production.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of vermicomposting by using vermicast as the substrate for the stabilization of municipal activated sludge, called hereafter as direct vermistabilization, in whi...This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of vermicomposting by using vermicast as the substrate for the stabilization of municipal activated sludge, called hereafter as direct vermistabilization, in which the pre-treatment and bulking materials required in previous practices were all omitted. For this purpose, two epigeic earthworm species, namely Eisenia foetida and Bimastus parvus, were inoculated into substrate for composting fresh dewatered activated sludge. Direct vermistabilization resulted in significant reductions in pH, TOC, C/N ratio and the content of heavy metals, as well as increases in EC, total N, total P and total K in the final vermicast. Moreover, both Eisenia foetida and Bimastus parvus showed faster growth rate and higher cocoon production. The results of this study suggest that the direct vermistabilization has the advantages of being simple, cost-effective and efficient, and can thus be used as a feasible vermicomposting approach to convert fresh dewatered activated sludge into a valuable product for agricultural use. The results also suggest that Bimastus parvus can be used as a new potential candidate for vermicomposting of municipal activated sludge.展开更多
Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water i...Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water is discharged into seven reservoirs located in the city. Sewage carries excessive nutrients, heavy metals, organics, bacteria, yeast and fungi by leaking contents into the drinking water which cause acute health problems, ranging from common diarrhoea to deadly diseases such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, etc. Therefore, in this work, the microbial and chemical contamination of sewage waste of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India is described.展开更多
造纸污泥含有大量的养分和重金属等物质。试验采用室内培养试验,研究不同蚯蚓投放量对污泥中养分和重金属的处理效应。结果表明:蚯蚓的最佳投放量为中等投放量(22.5 g kg-1)。经过84天处理后,造纸污泥中有机质大量分解,最高分解率为24.9...造纸污泥含有大量的养分和重金属等物质。试验采用室内培养试验,研究不同蚯蚓投放量对污泥中养分和重金属的处理效应。结果表明:蚯蚓的最佳投放量为中等投放量(22.5 g kg-1)。经过84天处理后,造纸污泥中有机质大量分解,最高分解率为24.95%;全量N、P、K的含量增加,其最大增量分别为2.65 g kg-1、0.64 g kg-1和0.32 g kg-1;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的最大减幅依次为24.78%、30.40%和10.77%。经蚯蚓处理后造纸污泥中重金属Mn、Cu和Zn的最大去除率依次为28.80%、28.80%和35.34%,蚯蚓体内Mn、Cu和Zn最高增加了8.03%、23.49%和27.06%,Mn、Cu和Zn的K值均小于1.0,其中Mn>Zn>Cu,说明蚯蚓对重金属Mn、Cu和Zn有明显的去除效应。展开更多
The water quality in the surface microlayer （SML） and subsurface water （SSW） in the Guangzhou segment of Pearl River, a eutrophic urban river section in China, were ana- lyzed. The spatial and temporal dynamics of...The water quality in the surface microlayer （SML） and subsurface water （SSW） in the Guangzhou segment of Pearl River, a eutrophic urban river section in China, were ana- lyzed. The spatial and temporal dynamics of nutrient concentrations, heavy metals and bac- teria were examined from two sampling sites in monthly samples throughout 2010. The mean concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were higher than 7.0 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, while total phosphorus and orthophosphate were 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. These results indicated that the water quality was rich in minerals and eutrophic. The mean concentrations of Mn and Fe were higher than 0.013 mg/L; and Ni, Cr and Pb were higher than 0.001 mg/L. The mean concentrations were in the order of Mn 〉Fe 〉 Ni 〉 Pb 〉 Cr. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Guangzhou segment were lower than the limit of the surface water quality standards in China and the World Health Organization （WHO）, but higher than the median values in the world＇s freshwater. The density of bacteria ranged from 3.30×10^5 to 5.23×10^6 cells/mL, and the amount of cultivable heterotrophic bac-teria ranged from 1.30×10^3 to 1.89×10^6 cfu/mL. Fecal coliform levels were beyond the V class of China water quality standard. The SML was enriched in nutrients, heavy metals and bac- teria, with the maximum enrichment factor of 3.84 for nutrients, 8.00 for heavy metals, and 3.04 for bacteria, suggesting that the water quality of the SML of the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River was more serious than in the SSW.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30671452）.
文摘Earthworm and microbe are very important soil organisms. They play an important role in the stability of ecosystem and the bioavailability of nutrients and heavy metals in soils. This article reviewed the function of earthworm and microbes in improving soil structure and controlling soil nutrients as well as their effects on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil through bioabsorption, enrichment, precipitation, dissolution, and oxidation-reduction. The aim is to provide a certain theoretical basis for modern agricultural production.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of vermicomposting by using vermicast as the substrate for the stabilization of municipal activated sludge, called hereafter as direct vermistabilization, in which the pre-treatment and bulking materials required in previous practices were all omitted. For this purpose, two epigeic earthworm species, namely Eisenia foetida and Bimastus parvus, were inoculated into substrate for composting fresh dewatered activated sludge. Direct vermistabilization resulted in significant reductions in pH, TOC, C/N ratio and the content of heavy metals, as well as increases in EC, total N, total P and total K in the final vermicast. Moreover, both Eisenia foetida and Bimastus parvus showed faster growth rate and higher cocoon production. The results of this study suggest that the direct vermistabilization has the advantages of being simple, cost-effective and efficient, and can thus be used as a feasible vermicomposting approach to convert fresh dewatered activated sludge into a valuable product for agricultural use. The results also suggest that Bimastus parvus can be used as a new potential candidate for vermicomposting of municipal activated sludge.
文摘Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water is discharged into seven reservoirs located in the city. Sewage carries excessive nutrients, heavy metals, organics, bacteria, yeast and fungi by leaking contents into the drinking water which cause acute health problems, ranging from common diarrhoea to deadly diseases such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, etc. Therefore, in this work, the microbial and chemical contamination of sewage waste of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India is described.
文摘造纸污泥含有大量的养分和重金属等物质。试验采用室内培养试验,研究不同蚯蚓投放量对污泥中养分和重金属的处理效应。结果表明:蚯蚓的最佳投放量为中等投放量(22.5 g kg-1)。经过84天处理后,造纸污泥中有机质大量分解,最高分解率为24.95%;全量N、P、K的含量增加,其最大增量分别为2.65 g kg-1、0.64 g kg-1和0.32 g kg-1;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的最大减幅依次为24.78%、30.40%和10.77%。经蚯蚓处理后造纸污泥中重金属Mn、Cu和Zn的最大去除率依次为28.80%、28.80%和35.34%,蚯蚓体内Mn、Cu和Zn最高增加了8.03%、23.49%和27.06%,Mn、Cu和Zn的K值均小于1.0,其中Mn>Zn>Cu,说明蚯蚓对重金属Mn、Cu和Zn有明显的去除效应。
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41173079 The Project of Department of Science and Technology, China, No.2012BAC07B05, No.2012BAD18B01 Jinan University Project, No.21612324
文摘The water quality in the surface microlayer （SML） and subsurface water （SSW） in the Guangzhou segment of Pearl River, a eutrophic urban river section in China, were ana- lyzed. The spatial and temporal dynamics of nutrient concentrations, heavy metals and bac- teria were examined from two sampling sites in monthly samples throughout 2010. The mean concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were higher than 7.0 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, while total phosphorus and orthophosphate were 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. These results indicated that the water quality was rich in minerals and eutrophic. The mean concentrations of Mn and Fe were higher than 0.013 mg/L; and Ni, Cr and Pb were higher than 0.001 mg/L. The mean concentrations were in the order of Mn 〉Fe 〉 Ni 〉 Pb 〉 Cr. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Guangzhou segment were lower than the limit of the surface water quality standards in China and the World Health Organization （WHO）, but higher than the median values in the world＇s freshwater. The density of bacteria ranged from 3.30×10^5 to 5.23×10^6 cells/mL, and the amount of cultivable heterotrophic bac-teria ranged from 1.30×10^3 to 1.89×10^6 cfu/mL. Fecal coliform levels were beyond the V class of China water quality standard. The SML was enriched in nutrients, heavy metals and bac- teria, with the maximum enrichment factor of 3.84 for nutrients, 8.00 for heavy metals, and 3.04 for bacteria, suggesting that the water quality of the SML of the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River was more serious than in the SSW.
