Alkaline Intrusives at the East Foot of the Taihang-Da Hinggan Mountains:Chronology,Sr,Nd and Pb Isotopic Characteristics and Their Implications

Based on the Rb-Sr isochron dating results, this paper suggests that the alkaline intrusive belt at the east foot of the Taihang-Da Hinggan Mountains were formed between 135 and 122 Ma. And the alkaline intrusives in the north and south sections of this belt have entirely different Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics, i.e., all the rocks in the south section have positive εSr(t) and negative εNd(t) values and all those in the north have the opposite values. On the εSr(t) versus εNd(t) correlation diagram, the samples from the south are concentrated along the enriched mantle evolution trend lines and nearby, while those from the north fall along the depleted mantle trend lines and nearby. On the Pb isotope composition diagram, most of the samples from the south section fall on the mantle Pb evolution line and nearby, while those from the north lie between the Pb evolution lines of the mantle and the erogenic belt. The above-stated isotopic characteristics not only indicate that the source rocks of the alkaline intrusives in the south section have a close connection to materials from the enriched mantle reservoir, while those in the north are related to materials from the depleted one, but also reveal that the upper mantle below the North China platform is enriched and that below the Inner Mongolia geosyncline is depleted.

Circulations and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Different Patterns of Rainstorm Processes in the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain

Based on the observational hourly precipitation data and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Reanalysis 5(ERA5)products from 2006 to 2020,22 rainstorm processes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are objectively classified by using the hierarchical clustering method,and the circulation characteristics of different patterns are comparatively analyzed in this study.The results show that the occurrences of rainstorm processes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are most closely related to three circulation patterns.PatternsⅠandⅢmainly occur in July and August,with similar zonal circulations in synoptic backgrounds.Specifically,the South Asia high and the western Pacific subtropical high are stronger and more northward than those in normal years.The frontal systems in westerlies are inactive,while the water vapor from the ocean surface in the south is mainly transported to the rainstorm area by the southerly jet stream at 700 h Pa.The dynamic lifting anomalies are relatively weak,the instability of atmospheric stratification is anomalously strong,and thus the localized severe convective rainstorm is more significant.Comparatively,rainstorm processes of patternⅠare accompanied by stronger and deeper ascending motions,and the warm-sector rainstorm is more extreme.PatternⅢshows a stronger and deeper convective instability,accompanied by larger low-level moisture.Rainstorm processes of patternⅡmainly occur in early summer and early autumn,presenting a meridional circulation pattern of high in the east and low in the west in terms of geopotential height.Moreover,the two low-level jets transporting the water vapor northward from the ocean on the east of China encounter with the frontal systems in westerlies,which makes the ascending motion in patternⅡanomalously strong and deep.The relatively weak instability of atmospheric stratification causes weak convection and long-lasting precipitation formed by the confluence of cold air and warm air.This study may help improve rainstorm forecasting in arid regions.

The protective effect of cyclodextrin on the color quality and stability of Cabernet Sauvignon red wine

The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.

Terroir Suitability Zoning for the Six Prevailing Wine Grape Varieties in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(with a Focus on the Helan Mountain East) of China

Terroir plays an important role in wine grape production and good wine making.Among all the aspects of terroir in a given region,climate,soil and variety are the most important ones.The goal of this study was to evaluate these three aspects of terroir in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,with a focus on the Helan Mountain East.Based on historical weather data during the period 1981 to 2016 from 22 meteorological stations in the research area,the climatic indices were derived,with which the growable zone for wine grape cultivation in the research area was identified.By synthesizing the climatic indices and soil type data,stepwise and optimization methods were used to divide the growable zone into optimal,suitable,near-suitable and unsuitable zones for the six prevailing wine grape varieties.In the analysis,the six prevailing wine grape varieties include two white wine grape varieties of“Chardonnay”and“Riesling”and four red wine grape varieties of“Cabernet Sauvignon”,“Merlot”,“Pinot Noir”and“Grenache Noir”.With the Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)software,the geographical distributions of these terroir suitability zonings were mapped in the research area according to a small grid simulation model.The results showed that the growable zone for wine grapes was mainly focused in most of the northern and central parts of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.This particular zone was suitable for the typical red wine varieties like late-maturing“Grenache Noir”,medium-to-late maturing“Cabernet Sauvignon”,medium-maturing“Merlot”and early-maturing“Pinot Noir”.In particular,the optimal zone for these four red wine varieties was centered in Xixia county of Yinchuan city,Pigeon Hill of Qingtongxia city and Baima Township of Zhongning County.For the two early-to-medium maturing white wine varieties of“Riesling”and“Chardonnay”,the optimal and suitable zones were in the cool area of the central arid zone and the Qingshui River tributary.

贺兰山东麓葡萄园不同方位摘叶对赤霞珠果实品质的影响

酿酒葡萄转色后摘叶会改变微气候,从而影响葡萄果实糖、酸、酚类物质等品质因子的积累。以南北行向种植的赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为试验材料,在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄果园开展葡萄东面摘叶、西面摘叶和东西两面摘叶三种方式摘叶试验,以田间正常叶幕水平为对照,研究不同摘叶方位对成熟期果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,赤霞珠酿酒葡萄果实转色后进行东面摘叶可使成熟果实中可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、总酸、糖酸比、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和单宁含量不同程度增加,其中果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量增加显著;果实还原糖、总酚、花青素含量比对照减少,但差异不显著。(2)西面摘叶处理下成熟葡萄果实可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酚和花青素含量略下降,果糖、苹果酸、柠檬酸和单宁显著上升,葡萄糖和酒石酸含量略上升。(3)双面摘叶葡萄果实的单宁含量显著增加,葡萄糖、果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量略增加,可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酸、苹果酸、总酚和花青素含量都比对照要低。综合分析认为,摘叶后葡萄果实糖的含量整体呈不显著增加,但东面摘叶处理葡萄果实中酸含量均提高、单宁含量增加,总酚和花青素虽然略有减少,减少幅度相对最小。针对目前贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区糖高酸低现状,建议在贺兰山东麓南北行向种植的葡萄园,采用东面摘叶为主的叶幕管理模式进行果实品质因子调控,从而达到平衡葡萄果实整体风味物质的作用。

贺兰山东麓有机酿酒葡萄产业发展现状、存在问题及建议

贺兰山东麓具有生产有机酿酒葡萄得天独厚的土壤、气候、光热等资源,发展高质量葡萄酒产业前景广阔。基于此,分析了贺兰山东麓有机酿酒葡萄产业发展现状及存在的问题,同时提出了推动产业发展的对策及建议。

喷施EDTA-Mn对‘马瑟兰’葡萄光合特性及品质的影响

以4年生‘马瑟兰’葡萄为研究对象,在常规施肥的基础上,叶面喷施螯合态锰(EDTA-Mn),采用单因素多水平随机区组试验设计,设置4个喷施水平:依次为2.25、4.50、6.75、9.00 kg·hm^(-2)EDTA-Mn,分别用H1、H2、H3、H4表示,以喷施清水为对照(CK),探讨叶面喷施不同浓度EDTA-Mn对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合特性、产量与品质的影响。结果表明,喷施EDTA-Mn可以提高‘马瑟兰’葡萄叶片的叶绿素含量,H3处理最高,较CK显著提高16.71%;H2处理叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率最高,较CK分别提高30.36%和30.28%;所有处理的胞间CO_(2)浓度显著低于CK;H2处理的穗长、横径、百粒质量、单宁和花色苷含量均最高,较CK分别提高14.35%、11.79%、8.25%、4.73%和10.31%;H3处理的总酚含量最高,较CK显著提高42.14%;产量由高到低依次为H2>H3>H1>CK>H4,其中H2处理较CK显著提高24.11%。综合分析,在贺兰山东麓产区通过叶面喷施EDTA-Mn能有效促进‘马瑟兰’葡萄叶片的光合特性,提高葡萄的产量,改善浆果品质,其中最佳叶面喷施量为4.5 kg·hm^(-2)。

宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄全产业链研究进展

宁夏贺兰山东麓是业界公认的世界上最适合种植酿酒葡萄和生产高端葡萄酒的“黄金产区”。系统归纳了贺兰山东麓葡萄全产业链研究进展,包括栽培技术、灌溉技术、土肥管理、病虫害防治、冻害防治、气象研究、品种选育、葡萄酒特征分析、生态保护和旅游资源开发10个方面,针对现阶段发展存在的问题,提出应对策略,为推进贺兰山东麓葡萄产业高质量发展提供理论依据。

Nutritional requirements and precise fertilization of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain

Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in the wine-producing area of Helan Mountain,East Ningxia,China,were the research object in this study.The dissection of the roots and branching stems method was used to explore the dynamic changes in the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient requirements of wine grapes over a number of growth stages.The results showed that over the whole growth period,the nitrogen content of the roots was the highest during the leaf-expansion stage and lowest during the turning-color stage,and that the nitrogen content of the leaves and fruit showed a downward trend as growth progressed.The nitrogen content of the secondary branches was the lowest during the fruit expansion stage and the highest during the leaf-expansion stage;and the phosphorus content of the roots was the highest during the leaf-expansion stage and lowest during the fruit expansion stage.The phosphorus content of the trunk and primary branches showed a trend of“rising-falling-rising”.The phosphorus content of the leaves and secondary branches was the lowest during the turning-color stage,whereas the phosphorus content of the fruit was at its highest during this stage.The potassium contents of the secondary branches and fruit showed a downward trend,but the potassium content of the leaves was highest during the fruit expansion stage and lowest in the nutrient return stage.Over the whole growth period,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in wine grapes was 129.92 kg/hm2,41.51 kg/hm2,and 189.47 kg/hm2,respectively,the total requirements for N,P2O5,and K2O were 262.38 kg/hm2,288.15 kg/hm2,and 569.04 kg/hm2,respectively,and the reasonable nutrient requirement ratio was 1.00:1.10:2.17.

滴施螯合态铁肥对酿酒葡萄光合特性及产量品质的影响

[目的]探究滴施螯合态铁肥(EDTA-Fe)对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合特性、果实形态、产量及品质的影响,为宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的优质高产提供合理的铁肥用量。[方法]以4年生“马瑟兰”酿酒葡萄为试验材料,在常规施肥的基础上滴施EDTA-Fe,采用单因素多水平随机区组试验设计,设置4个不同EDTA-Fe滴施水平:7.50(T1)、15.00(T2)、22.50(T3)和30.00 kg/hm^(2)(T4),以常规施肥为对照(CK),测定酿酒葡萄叶片光合特性(SPAD值、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率)、果实形态(果穗长、粒径和百粒重)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、单宁、总酚和花色苷)等指标。[结果]滴施EDTA-Fe能有效改善酿酒葡萄光合特性,其中果实成熟期T2处理叶片SPAD值最高,较CK显著提高19.71%;T3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率最高,较CK分别显著提高87.03%、107.14%和76.25%;T1处理的胞间CO_(2)浓度最高,较CK显著提高57.56%。百粒重随EDTA-Fe浓度的增加而降低。T3处理的果实粒径、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、单宁和总酚含量最高,较CK分别提高10.99%、13.00%、19.16%、4.87%和15.23%;T1处理的花色苷含量最高;产量由高到低依次为T3>T2>T1>T4>CK,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3和T4处理的产量分别显著提高11.68%、16.57%、26.48%和8.96%;产值效益由高到低依次为T3>T2>T1>T4>CK,其中T1、T2、T3和T4处理较CK处理分别提高3577、5075、8133、2744元/hm^(2)。[结论]在贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区滴施EDTA-Fe能有效促进酿酒葡萄叶片的光合特性,提高酿酒葡萄产量,提升酿酒葡萄品质,其中最佳EDTA-Fe施用量为22.5 kg/hm^(2)。

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展现状及对策

宁夏酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒产业是自治区政府大力发展和培育的“六特”产业之一。在推动产业高质量发展下,对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区的自然资源优势、酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒产业现状及面临的挑战进行分析,为促进酿酒葡萄产业的高质量发展提供发展思路。

基于色味指标光谱特性的贺兰山东麓干红葡萄酒产地细分

贺兰山东麓被认为是全球最适宜种植葡萄和生产优质葡萄酒的区域之一。贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区自北向南已形成石嘴山、银川、永宁、青铜峡和红寺堡等5个产地的区划格局,但因产地风土各异,尚未建立科学规范的葡萄酒产地细分管理方法。为了协助宁夏贺兰山东麓产区强化干红葡萄酒产品区划管理,该研究以贺兰山东麓干红葡萄酒为研究对象,分析葡萄酒色味理化指标的相关性和产地差异性,并依据随机森林的节点权值确定了可反映产地信息的关键色味理化指标。然后,基于近红外光谱和化学计量学方法构建了各项指标的定量分析模型,并以光谱预测结果为输入量,训练了以ReLU为最佳激活函数的人工神经网络产地判别模型,实现了贺兰山东麓干红葡萄酒的产地细分。结果表明,酒石酸酯和pH值的产地差异性最为显著,多项色味理化指标之间存在较强的相关性,通过去低权值指标分析确定了酒石酸酯、多聚体花色苷、pH值、红/绿通道a^(*)、黄/蓝通道b^(*)、总单宁、单体花色苷、明度L^(*)、黄酮醇、滴定酸、离子化指数、乙醇指数、色度C_(ab)^(*)、总花色苷等14项关键色味理化指标。每项指标的光谱定量模型决定系数(r^(2))均高于0.90,相对分析误差(RPD)高于2.5,具有准确的定量分析能力;人工神经网络模型对石嘴山酒样判别的灵敏度(sensitivity,SEN)为100%,准确率(accuracy,CCR)为100%;对银川酒样判别的SEN为100%,CCR为90%;对永宁酒样判别的SEN为87.5%,CCR为93.33%;对青铜峡酒样判别的SEN为94.74%,CCR为100%;对红寺堡酒样判别的SEN为92.31%,CCR为92.31%,具有可靠的产地判别能力。该方法可为贺兰山东麓干红葡萄酒的产品区划管理提供技术支撑,有助于中国葡萄酒原产地保护制度的建立与发展。

贺兰山东麓3个酿酒葡萄品种果实品质综合评价

本研究旨在明确宁夏贺兰山东麓产区的酿酒葡萄‘马尔贝克’‘小味儿多’和‘黑比诺’综合品质及其在不同子产区间的差异性,为3个品种的科学栽培和品种区划提供参考。主成分分析(PCA)综合得分表明,‘马尔贝克’在银川产区综合品质最好,‘小味儿多’在玉泉营产区品质最佳,‘黑比诺’在红寺堡产区表现最好。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果表明,在本研究中‘马尔贝克’葡萄的特征差异因子主要为表儿茶素和表儿茶素没食子酸酯的延伸单元,‘小味儿多’的主要特征差异性因子为总类黄酮、总单宁及可滴定酸,‘黑比诺’主要特征差异性因子为总单宁。

贺兰山东麓产区‘美乐’和‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒香气特征研究

本研究分析了贺兰山东麓产区‘美乐’和‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒的感官特征,并检测出84种香气物质,通过分析比对,较为系统地诠释了该产区两款葡萄酒典型香气特征的物质基础和差异性。结果表明,两款葡萄酒的香气成分主要由4类物质组成,总计占比约99.9%,其中高级醇类占63.4%、脂肪酸类占31.0%、脂肪酸乙酯类占3.9%、醛酮类占1.5%;两款葡萄酒香气均表现出香蕉、苹果等果香,以及草本香、花香和化学味等香气类型,‘美乐’葡萄酒的果香(辛酸乙酯)和花香较突出,‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒的草本味(1-己醇)、化学味(异戊醇、乙醛)、以及蘑菇/橡胶味(1-辛烯-3-醇、甲硫基丙醇)、果香(己酸乙酯、2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯)等香气类型突出;用筛选的香气含量及OAV>1的物质构建OPLS-DA模型,可以很好地区分‘美乐’与‘赤霞珠’两个品种,并通过VIP得分图筛选出了乙酸、苯乙醇、异戊醇、乙偶姻、2,3-丁二醇这5种关键特征物质。以上结果,为宁夏贺兰山东麓产区‘美乐’和‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒的产区风格和产品设计等提供一定的理论依据。

利用微卫星标记分析贺兰山东麓不同子产区酿酒酵母遗传多样性

本研究采用7个微卫星分子标记(SCAAT1、YPL009C、C4、C5、C11、SCAAT3、SCY0R267c),对宁夏贺兰山东麓5个子产区的‘霞多丽’‘赤霞珠’和‘美乐’葡萄酒发酵中分离的59株本土酿酒酵母和10株商业酿酒酵母进行了遗传多样性分析。7个位点共检测出153个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数为15~28个;平均多态信息含量0.7990,均为高多态位点;SCAAT1表现出最高的观测杂合度0.9278,C5表现出最高的期望杂合度0.8699。在聚类分析中,各株酵母可以得到有效区分,各子产区本土酿酒酵母表现出较明显的地域分化,来源于青铜峡产区的菌株大都聚类在一起,来源于永宁、石嘴山和红寺堡产区的菌株表现出较近的亲缘关系;年份因素对特定产区(如青铜峡)的菌株聚类有显著影响,尤其是在2020年和2019年的样本中表现出较高的遗传相似性;品种因素对菌株聚类的影响较为复杂,‘赤霞珠’在不同产区和年份中表现出较稳定的基因特征,而‘霞多丽’和‘美乐’则表现出较强的地域性。商业酿酒酵母与本土酿酒酵母保持了一定的遗传距离,表现出比本土酿酒酵母更低的遗传相似性。69株酿酒酵母菌株表现出较高水平的遗传多样性,本土酿酒酵母在不同子产区间存在一定的遗传距离,商业酿酒酵母与本土酿酒酵母表现出较远的亲缘关系。

贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐暴露风险评估

目的了解贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐污染现状。方法采用基质外标结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪测定酿酒葡萄、灌溉水、土壤及施用肥料中高氯酸盐含量,分析污染水平,暴露污染途径,评估暴露风险。结果方法的基质标准曲线在1.0~100.0 ng/mL范围内良好,相关系数分别为0.9992和0.9950,定量限为10.0μg/kg。红、白葡萄中高氯酸盐回收率范围分别为64.5%~101.4%和60.5%~94.4%,相对标准偏差分别小于14.0%和19.0%。酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐含量水平为9.57~401.2μg/kg,平均值64.6μg/kg,中位值41.7μg/kg。土壤、灌溉水、肥料中高氯酸盐含量范围分别为0~402.5μg/kg、0~46.9μg/L、2.13~5.66 mg/kg。结论贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐均有检出,银川玉泉营产区含量较高,青铜峡鸽子山和红寺堡产区含量较低。肥料是酿酒葡萄高氯酸盐的主要贡献者,二者含量呈中度相关(0.535)。人体食用酿酒葡萄的高氯酸盐日均暴露量在0~0.29μg/(kg·d),未超过2015年欧洲食品安全局设置的每日允许摄入量,所有样本危害商小于1,健康风险较小。

贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区土壤肥力特征与磷素形态分布状况

以贺兰山东麓6个酿酒葡萄子产区典型葡萄园为研究对象,分析0~60 cm土层土壤pH和有机质、氮、磷、钾、全盐含量特征,采用修正的Hedley磷分级方法测定磷素形态。结果表明,试验所选贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园土壤pH均值为8.33,呈碱性,有机质和全氮、全磷含量平均为7.18、0.36、0.44 g·kg^(-1),处于全国较低水平;碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾平均为23.21、11.23、63.05 mg·kg^(-1),分别处于6、3、4级水平。6个子产区之间土壤肥力存在一定差异,其中以银川产区土壤综合肥力最高,且养分具有表聚性。Hedley磷分级中无机磷是磷素的主要供给源,其中盐酸提取态磷和残余态磷含量最高。相关性分析表明,碳酸氢钠-无机磷(0.79*)和树脂磷(0.43)是有效磷的主要来源。以上结果可为后期施肥及磷素管控提供参考依据。

基于文献计量学的中国葡萄酒产业发展研究

分别对中国葡萄酒及葡萄酒产业的研究现状、发展趋势及存在的问题进行分析探讨,以期为产业的高质量发展提供借鉴。检索中国知网(CNKI)创库至2023年2月发表的相关中文期刊,对发文情况、机构、关键词等通过文献计量学方法和CiteSpace可视化软件进行分析,并绘制可视化图谱。结果表明,两个组别分别纳入文献2527条、828条;酿酒技术和产品特性仍然是葡萄酒领域的研究热点,而产业融合、乡村振兴等则是葡萄酒产业领域近期讨论的重点方向,说明产业发展相关领域的研究存在优质文献总量少,机构间合作弱,地域分布不均等问题。建议加强学科、机构、地区间合作研究,为中国葡萄酒产业可持续、高质量、全产业链发展提供有效参考。

贺兰山东麓不同子产区土壤对葡萄酒品质的影响研究

为了研究贺兰山东麓子产区土壤对赤霞珠葡萄酒品质的影响,分别选取了金山产区、银川产区、石嘴山产区、红寺堡产区、青铜峡产区和永宁产区的6个酒庄中土壤和子产区所酿造赤霞珠葡萄酒为研究对象。通过相关性分析,葡萄酒中的酚类物质花色苷除了与土壤中的EC呈负相关,其余的都呈正相关,而总酚只与土壤中的pH和全钾呈正相关,单宁与土壤pH呈正相关;葡萄酒中的总糖与总酸只与土壤pH呈正相关,其余呈负相关;挥发酸与EC、有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷均呈正相关;酒精度与土壤pH呈正相关。由此证明,葡萄酒质量相关指标总糖、总酸、酚类物质、挥发酸、酒精度与土壤中的pH、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全钾、EC含量存在关联。通过感官评价分析,产区所产葡萄酒入口柔顺,口感强劲而丰富,酒体饱满,典型性和结构感强,单宁和酸度均适中,余味适中。综合来看,贺兰山东麓子产区葡萄酒的品质和土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全钾、EC含量有关联性,并且呈正相关。

贺兰山东麓葡萄酒中生物胺特征分析

为探究贺兰山东麓产区葡萄酒中生物胺的轮廓特点,建立同时测定葡萄酒中腐胺、组胺、亚精胺、色胺、尸胺、酪胺和2-苯乙胺的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),以揭示贺兰山东麓葡萄酒样品中生物胺含量水平。结果表明,各生物胺组分在对应线性范围内均呈现较好的线性关系(r>0.999),平均回收率为82.3%~106.7%,7种生物胺定量限为10~20μg·L^(-1),满足分析要求。数据分析显示,红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒和桃红葡萄酒的生物胺总量分别为0.39~15.70、0~3.18、0~3.48 mg·L^(-1)。红葡萄酒中生物胺含量大小排序为酪胺>亚精胺>腐胺>2-苯乙胺,而白葡萄酒和桃红葡萄酒中为亚精胺>腐胺>尸胺。通过分析生物胺指数得出,红葡萄酒生物胺含量高于白葡萄酒和桃红葡萄酒。在红葡萄酒中,‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’‘黑比诺’和‘蛇龙珠’葡萄酒中各生物胺含量略有差异,其中‘蛇龙珠’葡萄酒中酪胺含量明显高于其他生物胺成分。该研究为贺兰山东麓葡萄酒的生物胺监管和溯源提供了数据支撑。