Asymmetric Relationship between the Meridional Displacement of the Asian Westerly Jet and the Silk Road Pattern

In previous work, a significant relationship was identified between the meridional displacement of the Asian westerly jet （JMD） and the Silk Road Pattern （SRP） in summer. The present study reveals that this relationship is robust in northward JMD years but absent in southward JMD years. In other words, the amplitude of the SRP increases with northward displacement of the jet but shows little change with southward displacement. Further analysis indicates that, in northward JMD years, the Rossby wave source （RWS） anomalies, which are primarily contributed by the planetary vortex stretching, are significantly stronger around the entrance of the Asian jet, i.e., the Mediterranean Sea-Caspian Sea area, with the spatial distribution being consistent with that related to the SRP. By contrast, in southward JMD years, the RWS anomalies are much weaker. Therefore, this study suggests that the RWS plays a crucial role in inducing the asymmetry of the JMD-SRP relationship. The results imply that climate anomalies may be stronger in strongly northward-displaced JMD years due to the concurrence of the JMD and SRP, and thus more attention should be paid to these years.

Influence of Summer Monsoon on Asymmetric Bimodal Pattern of Tropical Cyclogenesis Frequency over the Bay of Bengal

The influence of summer monsoon on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is explored using an empirical genesis potential (GP) index. The annual cycle of cyclogenesis frequency over the BoB shows an asymmetric bimodal pattern with the maximum genesis number appearing in late October and the second largest in early May. The two peaks correspond to the withdrawal and onset of the BoB summer monsoon, respectively. The semimonthly GP index calculated without TC days over the BoB is consistent with TC genesis frequency, indicating that the index captures the monsoon-induced changes in the environment that are responsible for the seasonal variation of TC genesis frequency. Of the four environmental variables (i.e., low-level vorticity, mid-level relative humidity, potential intensity, and vertical wind shear) that enter into the GP index, the potential intensity makes the largest contribution to the bimodal distribution, followed by vertical wind shear due to small wind speed during the summer monsoon onset and withdrawal. The difference in TC genesis frequency between autumn and late spring is mainly owing to the relative humid-ity difference because a divergence (convergence) of horizontal moisture flux associated with cold dry northerlies (warm wet wester-lies) dominates the BoB in late spring (autumn).

Control of Asymmetric Flow Fields of Slender Bodies at High Angle of Attack

The wind tunnel experiments is conducted to get inspiration for understanding the mechanism of the asymmetric flow pattern and developing an innovative flow control technique for a slender body at high angle of attack. The bi-stable situation of the side forces is observed, which could be easily switched by a tiny disturbances either from coming flow or from artificial disturbances at nose tip （including manufacturing defect）. In turbulent flows the side forces switched randomly between positive and negative. There exists a hysteresis loop of side force with the rolling angle. A rod in front of the slender body is used to change the vortex pattern, which could be kept even the rod is moved out from the stream. A miniature strake attached to the nose tip of the model can be moved to different circumferential position. When the strake is stationary, the hysteresis loop disappears and the side force does not change with the turbulent fluctuation of coming flow. The results from dynamic measurements of section side force indicates that when the strake swung at lower frequency the side force can follow the cadence of the swinging strake. With increasing frequency, the magnitude of the side force decreases. At still high frequency, the side force diminishes to zero. If the strake is swinging, while the middle position can be changed to different circumferential angle Фs on either left or right side, the side forces can be changed proportionally with the angle Фs. On the basis of the experimental results, the mechanism of the asymmetry is discussed.

Analysis of Design Rainstorm Hydrograph Based on Asymmetrical Extreme Value Copula

In this paper,the maximum 1-hour rainfall( rain peak),the maximum 6-hour rainfall and the maximum 24-hour rainfall in the Caojiang River basin from 1967 to 2013 were taken as samples. The typical typhoon rainstorm hydrograph of joint distribution of rainfall in three periods was constructed based on the asymmetric Archimedean Gumbel-Hougaard extreme value Copula. The main conclusions were as follows:( 1) the design rainstorm value in the Caojiang River basin calculated by using the joint distribution of rainfall in three periods was larger than the design rainstorm value of the joint distribution in two periods and that of a single period. The design rainstorm process hydrograph amplified at the same frequency had the optimal overall effect,which provided a new idea and method for studying the design rainfall patterns.( 2) According to the maximum 24-hour rainfall,the risk rate of the multi-peak rainstorm process that the main peak was in the back was the highest,and the constructed typical design rainstorm process hydrograph was the most representative.( 3) " OR" joint return period of rainfall combination in three periods as the design criteria of a watershed was applicable to responding to the risk of rainfall and flood in this watershed.

Early Pleistocene formation of the asymmetric east-west pattern of upper water structure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Surface-and subsurface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the upper 43 m of Hole A at the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 807,which was recovered from the western Pacific warm pool during ODP Leg 130,were analyzed for stable oxygen and carbon isotopes.By comparing these results with data from ODP Site 851 in the eastern equatorial Pacific,this study has reconstructed the paleoceanographic changes in upper ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific since 2.5 Ma.During the period from 1.6-1.4 Ma,the oxygen isotopes of surface and subsurface waters were found to markedly change in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific,further confirming the final formation of the well-defined asymmetric east-west (E-W) pattern at that time.This feature was similar to the zonal temperature gradient (sea surface temperature is higher in the west and lower in the east) and the asymmetric upper water structure (thermocline depth is deeper in the west and shallower in the east) in the modern equatorial Pacific.The zonal gradient change of subsurface water δ18O was greater than that of surface water δ18O,indicating that the formation of the asymmetric E-W pattern in the equatorial Pacific should be much more related to the shoaled thermocline and markedly decreased subsurface water temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Moreover,since ～1.6 Ma,the carbon isotopic differences between surface and subsurface waters clearly decreased in the equatorial Pacific,and their long-term eccentricity periods changed from 400 ka to ～500 ka,reflecting the reorganization of the ocean carbon reservoir.This probably resulted from the deep water reorganization in the Southern Ocean at that time and its enhanced influence on the tropical Pacific (especially subsurface water).Our study demonstrates that the tropical ocean plays an important role in global climate change.

亚太新格局下中国东盟经贸合作面临的机遇、挑战及对策

中国与东盟的经贸关系已取得长足发展,双边贸易投资规模屡创新高、经济合作模式推陈出新、互联互通建设成效显著,但双边合作仍面临贸易依存度高且存在非对称性、投资依赖度不高且分布不均衡、互联互通建设波折不断、人文交流不平衡不充分等问题。RCEP生效将促进区域内贸易与投资等经济关系的一体化,进一步释放地区经济增长潜力,为中国与东盟经贸合作注入新动能。但当前亚太地区大国之间的博弈更趋激烈,拜登政府推动的“印太经济框架”,必然对中国与东盟的合作产生冲击。亚太新格局下中国东盟经贸合作既面临RCEP生效带来的机遇,也面临大国博弈加剧、CPTPP与IPEF双重压力,以及东盟对过度依赖中国经济的担忧等挑战。要根植现有合作机制,深挖合作潜力,做好RCEP实施工作,推动关税降低与贸易投资便利化措施的落实,“软”“硬”兼施,加强双边互联互通建设,注重包容发展,增进政治互信,夯实民意基础,推动社会文化交流迈上新台阶。

粤港澳大湾区中心城市典型设计暴雨过程线分析

对粤港澳大湾区4个中心城市约60 a观测的前、后汛期逐时雨量,以最大1 h雨量(为雨峰)、相应的最大6 h雨量和最大24 h雨量为样本,采用非对称Archimedean Gumbel-Hougaard极值copula构建3个时段雨量联合分布的典型设计暴雨过程线。主要结论:1)采用3个历时雨量联合分布推求的城市设计暴雨值大于2个时段联合分布和单一时段设计暴雨值,同频率放大的设计暴雨过程线,整体效果相对最优,对城市设计暴雨过程线的研究方法提供了新思路;2)采用3个历时雨量联合分布推求的4个城市设计暴雨过程线,更客观地代表了所在城市的雨型特征,为进一步设计雨型的研究提供了新方法;3)以24 h最大雨量构建的典型设计暴雨过程线具代表性,按同频率放大的典型设计暴雨过程线可作为城市汛期排水防涝工程设计的参考依据。

对称突扩水流流态失稳和流场结构

对称突扩分离再附水流现象广泛存在于工程和生活中,流道突扩易产生局部水头损失、压力变化、结构振动、次生噪声等,对称突扩存在流场对称性失稳现象,如管道对称突扩等。然而,由于紊流的复杂性和量测技术的局限性,人们对其流动特性和流态演变规律认识仍然不足,有必要开展对称突扩流动的流场结构分析研究。本文基于物理模型试验和高精度图像粒子测速技术,模拟了不同雷诺数条件下(Re=539~48911)对称突扩水流流动现象和精细流场结构,包含层流、过渡流和充分发展的紊流典型流态,随着雷诺数Re增加,流态从层流过渡到紊流,从对称到非对称分布,其流态发生对称性失稳,高雷诺数紊流时主流偏向一侧,流场结构相对稳定;揭示了突扩水流主流两侧形成的非对称分布的大尺度涡漩结构,其与流场对称性失稳有关联。

Zonally Asymmetric Temperature Trends near the Northern Middle and High Latitude Stratopause during Winter

The temperature trend near the stratopause is rarely evaluated owing to the limited long-term observations of global temperature. In this study, the spatial patterns of the temperature trends near the northern stratopause are investigated by using satellite and reanalysis datasets. Our analysis reveals a zonally asymmetric temperature trend pattern near the northern mid-to-high latitude stratopause during January, and this pattern underwent an evident transition around the 2000s. From 1980 to 2003, there was a cooling trend in the Western Hemisphere and a warming trend in the Eastern Hemisphere. In contrast, a reversed zonally asymmetric temperature trend pattern existed in the east–west direction from 2003 to 2020. Although the warming trends are statistically insignificant, they contrasted with the overall cooling trend in the upper stratosphere due to ozone depletion and an increase in well-mixed greenhouse gases in recent decades. The zonally asymmetric temperature trends were induced by the transition in the intensity of quasi-stationary planetary wavenumber 1(wave 1) near the stratopause. The increasing(decreasing) trend of the intensity of wave 1 enhanced(weakened) its meridional temperature advection near the stratopause before(after) the 2000s;consequently, a zonally asymmetric temperature trend pattern exists in the east–west direction near the stratopause. The transition in the intensity of the stratospheric wave 1 around the 2000s is most likely caused by the transition in the intensity of wave 1 activity in the troposphere.

不对称全球化再审视与中国经济发展道路的战略选择

世界金融危机发生以后,全球经济下行,国际贸易增长速度明显放缓。一些国家祭起保护主义大旗,全球化风向改变,由原来的推进全球化到现阶段的“逆全球化”。面对风谲云诡的世界局势,有学者基于李斯特贸易保护理论为中国开出了“药方”——不对称全球化,但是否符合当前中国经济贸易的发展现实还值得商榷。习近平总书记面对新变局提出的“以国内大循环为主体,国内国际双循环相互促进”的新发展格局,是促进国民经济良性循环的必然选择,是引领我国经济乘风破浪、勇攀高峰的中国方案。

热带气旋碧丽斯(2000)发生的数值模拟:非对称流的发展及转换

采用NCAR PSU研制的非静力双向嵌套的仔尺度模式MM5 ,模拟了热带气旋碧丽斯 (2 0 0 0 )从热带弱低压发展为热带风暴及台风的过程。分析表明非对称流在低层发展并通过涡动通量项向对称流转换 ,使得热带弱低压快速发展达到热带风暴强度。进一步的分析表明 :涡动通量项不仅依赖于非对称流的强度 ,还取决于非对称流型。当非对称流场为气旋式流入或反气旋式流出时 ,非对称动量向对称动量转换 ,非对称流减弱 ,轴对称流加强 ;反之 ,当非对称流场为反气旋式流入或气旋式流出时 ,动量由对称流向非对称流转换。

低频水下声信号衍射光场的探测

为了探测几十赫兹的低频水下声信号,采用一种光学测量方法,建立了低频水下声信号的光学探测系统。当未扩束的激光束照射到受水下声信号调制的液体表面时,液体表面相当于位相型光栅,观察到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样,衍射图样呈非对称分布。得到了衍射光强分布的解析表达式,解释了在斜入射的条件下衍射图样位置及强度的非均匀分布和在垂直入射条件下,衍射光场的均匀分布,理论和实验比较吻合。结果表明,在激光束斜入射条件下,衍射图样的位置及强度是非均匀分布的。

头部钝度对大迎角非对称多涡流动特性的影响

在西北工业大学NF 3风洞通过表面测压和物面油流实验以及在北京航空航天大学1.2m水洞利用染色线显示和激光片光技术,对尖头和钝头拱形细长体大迎角绕流结构和气动特性进行了研究。结果表明,尖头拱形细长体在大迎角下(45°≤α≤60°)表现出非对称多涡的复杂涡系流动现象,相应的截面侧向力CZ沿轴向呈现出类似正弦曲线形式的减幅振荡,并且侧向力幅值较大(1<CZ<3.5);而将尖头改为钝头,CZ的幅值比原来减小2/3(CZ<1),而且在某些滚转角下呈现侧向力分布基本为零的现象。文中分析了侧向力大幅度减小的机理,认为尖拱头部顶端变钝后,物面分离线由开式分离变为闭式分离,并且在顶端背风侧形成U形马蹄涡结构;马蹄涡的作用是约束背风侧2个主涡,抑制非对称的出现。

珠心算过程的眼动和认知研究

本实验采用眼动技术和实验神经心理学的方法对珠心算的认知过程进行了实验研究。研究发现,在竖式运算时,接受过珠心算训练的儿童与没有接受过珠心算训练的儿童相比其眼动轨迹显著不同;神经心理实验的结果表明,训练组儿童在数学运算能力、数字记忆空间、注意力、大脑功能偏侧化等方面均与非训练组儿童有显著差别。

不同加载模式下不对称结构静力弹塑性分析

选取6种具有代表性的加载模式,采用ETABS软件,对5种不对称钢框架及钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了pushover分析,分析了加载模式、结构不对称性、层数和振型等因素对pushover分析结果的影响.结果表明,对于刚度有突变的不对称结构,不同加载模式的结果差别明显,并且这种差别随着结构刚度突变的增强、周期的增大、层数的增高而越来越大.

亚临界雷诺数细长体绕流流态随迎角的变化和分区

通过在北航1.2m水洞中利用染色液显示和激光片光技术的显示实验以及在西工大NF-3风洞中进行的表面测压实验,对拱形头部细长旋成体在无侧滑条件下的流场结构和流动特性随着迎角的变化进行了实验研究。在流动显示和测压结果分析的基础上,对迎角从0°到90°范围内绕细长体的流动进行了流态分区,即细长体绕流经历6种流态:极小迎角下(0°≤α≤3°)物面附着绕流流态、小迎角下(3°<α≤25°)背部对称旋涡流态、中等迎角下(25°<α≤40°)背部2个非对称旋涡流态、大迎角下(40°<α≤60°)的非对称多涡系复杂流态、特大迎角下(60°<α<75°)背部多个旋涡依次破裂的流态、极大迎角下(75°≤α≤90°)背部类卡门涡街(或随机尾迹)流态。阐述了不同区域的流动特性和气动特性。

低渗多油层油藏水平井井网数值模拟优选

水平井开发油藏具有单井产量高、储量控制程度高、经济效益好等明显优势，近年来在世界各油田中得到了越来越广泛的应用。针对大庆外围油藏具有低渗多油层的特征，应用数值模拟方法优选水平井井网的部署方案。结果表明：与传统直井井网相比，水平井井网可以明显改善油藏开发效果、提高采出程度。优选得到最优井阀为非对称五点水平井井网，与以往的五点水平井网相比，扩大了井网控制面积，更有效地克服了因压力损失造成的注水局部突进现象。

传粉网络非对称特化的地理模式

植物与传粉者间相互作用,构成了复杂的传粉网络。非对称特化是共生互作网络中的有趣现象和基本特点,也被认为是植物-传粉者互作网络的结构特征之一。根据文献总结分析了植物-传粉者互作网络非对称特化的重要名词术语,并采用线性回归法深入分析了植物-传粉者互作网络的地理变异模式,以及植物生活型和网络大小等传粉网络特征对非对称程度的影响。结果表明:传粉网络大小与网络的交互作用间呈线性正相关关系,并随总物种丰度呈指数增长。25个传粉网络的线性回归斜率(Lβ)变异范围在0.002至0.031间,且斜率值随植物丰度(P)、传粉者丰度(A)、总物种丰度(R)、交互作用(I)及网络大小(M)上升而降低。海拔高度对传粉网络非对称性有一定影响效果,而纬度的变化并不显著影响传粉网络非对称性。草本植物、灌木及乔木植物与其传粉者之间的相关系数分别为-0.197,-0.026和0.200,表明草本物种比乔木物种非对称性更强。

定量模拟层序叠加模式对断陷盆地非均一构造沉降活动的响应

利用SEDPAK二维层序模拟软件,通过考虑控制层序沉积过程的不同参数,探讨层序叠加模式对断陷盆地非均一性构造沉降活动的响应。结果表明,在非均一构造沉降活动作用下,盆地两侧同期层序显示出同步和非同步的叠加模式。同步叠加模式即盆地两侧同期层序同为退积或进积特征,非同步叠加模式即盆地两侧层序叠加模式相反(一侧退积,另一侧则进积)。同期层序非同步叠加模式的形成机理是盆地一侧可容纳空间的增量(△A)小于沉积物供应(△S)(△A<△S),而另一侧盆地一侧可容纳空间的增量大于或等于沉积物供应(△A≥△S)。此外,二者可以控制非同步叠加模式的持续时间。同期层序非同步叠加模式的识别,对陆相层序地层研究提出新的认识,尤其是对我国东部新生代断陷盆地的层序研究,具有一定的参考价值。

师徒制知识共享敌意的演化趋势研究

师徒制知识共享作为组织内知识转移,尤其是隐性知识转移的重要方式,却在组织内更多以知识囤积或知识排斥的知识共享敌意形式存在。基于师徒制知识共享敌意的效用分析,采用复制动态的非对称演化博弈刻画了组织内师徒制知识共享敌意的演化趋势。研究发现,当师傅群成员知识囤积的负效用超过其正效用、且徒弟群成员知识排斥的负效用大于其所付出的成本时,才能通过有效降低师徒制知识共享敌意来提高师徒制知识共享对组织的贡献程度;组织采用一定的激励机制对于降低师徒制知识共享敌意的发生效果显著。