Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in Eastern Changchun, China:Evidence from Clay Mineral Geothermobarometers

The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 M_1 and1 M_d polytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi's(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.

长春-延吉缝合带:性质与意义

长春-延吉缝合带(或长春-延吉增生杂岩带),是由佳木斯-兴凯地块与华北板块之间俯冲拼贴形成的增生杂岩带。该缝合带自西向东分为三个部分,具体包括西段吉林-红旗岭、中段桦甸-两江和东段华集岭-开山屯组成。长春-延吉增生杂岩带以延边地区发育的开山屯混杂岩为代表,自西向东包括石头口门-烟筒山高压红帘石片岩,以及原定为“呼兰群”、“色洛河群”、“青龙村群”等一系列沿着缝合带分布的构造杂岩等,它们均发育“基质包裹外来岩块(block-in-matrix)”的混杂岩结构,并在吉林东部石头口门、烟筒山和延边开山屯等地区发现高压矿物组合,因此,这些杂岩应代表了佳木斯-兴凯地块向华北板块俯冲-拼贴过程中形成的增生杂岩。长春-延吉增生杂岩原岩年龄大致为晚古生代-早中生代(最小峰期240~250Ma),并被时代为~220Ma的晚三叠世大酱缸组磨拉石层序不整合覆盖,这一直接证据与近期发表的年代学证据一致,共同证明了长春-延吉缝合带的就位时代为中三叠世(220~240Ma),而不是前人认为的晚古生代或更早。区域构造分析显示,长春-延吉增生杂岩带不是天山-北山-西拉木伦河-长春断裂带的东延部分,而是佳木斯-兴凯地块西南缘分布的吉林-黑龙江高压变质带的南部组成部分,形成于三叠纪-早侏罗世太平洋板块西向俯冲过程中,佳木斯-兴凯地块自东向西的“剪刀式”闭合过程。因此,长春-延吉增生杂岩带记录了古亚洲构造域的结束和太平洋俯冲开始的关键时期,为两大构造域叠加与转换的关键性地质证据。