The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large ...The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit.This deposit covers an area of ~40 km2,and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults.Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt,and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution.This deposit's reserves are estimated to be 1,200t of gold,being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China.The No.Ⅰ-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t,or 29 percent of the total reserves,followed by the No.Ⅰ orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves.This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault,and presents zoned patterns in mineralization,alteration and structures.The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones.These orebodies display strataform-like,veinlike or lenticular shapes,and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing,branching and converging,expanding and shrinking.The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle.The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault,and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep.The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest,with plunge angle of 45°-606° Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone.The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area.Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity.Sulfur isotopic values (δ34SCDT) for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰,indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values (δDVSMOW) range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values (δ18OV-SMOW) range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma,and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage.The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantle crust-mixed source,and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal golddeposits.Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metailogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world,we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits.The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities,extension and detachment resulted from thermal upweiling of magmas.The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids,and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits.Moreover,many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.展开更多
U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb ...U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr) i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd(t) values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere (mantle and lower crust).展开更多
A high pressure basic granulite ultramafic rock belt, which is about 200km long and trends toward NE, occurs in the late Archaean orthogneiss in Laixi Laiyang Qixia area, eastern Shangdong. This belt is located east t...A high pressure basic granulite ultramafic rock belt, which is about 200km long and trends toward NE, occurs in the late Archaean orthogneiss in Laixi Laiyang Qixia area, eastern Shangdong. This belt is located east to the Su Lu UHPM terrane and west to the Archaean rocks of the North China craton, therefore, its geological situation and implication for collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate is very important. The analyzed sample of high pressure basic granulite has decreasing pressure metamorphic texture. The mineral assemblage of retrograde metamorphism is of granulite facies. The sample yields an internal mineral whole rock Sm Nd isochron age of 1725Ma. The T(DM) age of whole rock is 2788Ma. These data are very similar to those of high pressure basic granulites in Northern China craton. Considering the petrological and geochemical characteristics and isotopic ages, the high pressure granulite ultramafic rock belt in eastern Shandong is suggested to belong to the North China craton and to be of the early Precambrian lower crust. Their lifting from the lower crustal level is related to collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate.展开更多
The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastern Shandong Province,China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cret...The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastern Shandong Province,China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cretaceous,whereas those represented by the dictyoolithids and spheroolithids became extinct in the middle Late Cretaceous and the new species represented by ovaloolithids appeared in the late Late Cretaceous.Estimated eggshell conductance of water vapor is over 4 to over 115 times higher in spheroolithids and the dictyoolithids than in elongatoolithids and ovaloolithids,indicating that eggs of the first two oofamilies required higher humidity during incubation.Based on the18O record as preserved in eggshell,a change from relatively humid to relatively dry climatic conditions can be assumed to have taken place during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous.It is reasonable to suggest that the change in climate was the cause of the dinosaur diversity.展开更多
Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging fro...Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging from 90 Ma to 140 Ma. The emplacement of the dikes suggests a major Yanshanian (Cretaceous) crustal extension in Shandong province. Together with other available age data, this study suggests four periods of crustal extension at about 80 Ma, 100 Ma, 120 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively. Besides the effect of collapse of the Yanshanian orogenic belt on the emplacement of the mafic dikes in Shandong in the Cretaceous, the mantle plume and the extensive left-lateral advection and extension of the Tanlu fault also have controlled the crustal extension and the emplacement of the mafic dikes in eastern Shandong and western Shandong, respectively.展开更多
The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the dep...The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the deposit is rich in iron, but poor in manganese, showing that this mineral crystallized from hydrothermal solution at low temperature. The temperatures at the main metallogenic stage of the Qixia gold deposit are Within the range of 160 -270t. The gaseous phases in fluid inclusions are dominated by H2O and CO2, while Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- are the major species in the fluid phase with K+ and F- present in relativelysmall amounts. The salinities of fluids are 4. 2 wt% - 8. 0 wt% NaCl equiv. Meanwhile, thefluid is characterized by either Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ (in five samples) or Na+ > Ca2 + > K+ (in twosamples), quite similar to the composition of ore-forming fluid derived from meteoric water.Primary data on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluid fallwithin a wide range: δ%H2o = - 56‰-95‰ and δ18OH2O=- 3.6‰-4. 5‰ relative toSMOW. These isotopic values fully reflect the distribution features of meteoric water which hasexchanged with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group at different temperatures and W/R ratios, and the metallogenic process is characterized by low W/R ratios. The Rb-Sr isochronage of the Qixia gold deposit is 125. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma, with (87Sr/86Sr) being 0. 7168, and the timeinterval between the gold deposit and its country rocks (granite or metamoprhic rocks) is verylarge. The formation Of the Qiaxia gold deposit is directly related to the evolution of geologicalhistory in eastern Shandong, and a genetic model in which the deep convective circulating meteoric water reacts with the country rocks can be used to explain the metallogenic mechanism ofthe deposit.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41230311)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.2011BAB04B09)
文摘The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit.This deposit covers an area of ~40 km2,and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults.Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt,and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution.This deposit's reserves are estimated to be 1,200t of gold,being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China.The No.Ⅰ-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t,or 29 percent of the total reserves,followed by the No.Ⅰ orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves.This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault,and presents zoned patterns in mineralization,alteration and structures.The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones.These orebodies display strataform-like,veinlike or lenticular shapes,and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing,branching and converging,expanding and shrinking.The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle.The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault,and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep.The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest,with plunge angle of 45°-606° Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone.The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area.Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity.Sulfur isotopic values (δ34SCDT) for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰,indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values (δDVSMOW) range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values (δ18OV-SMOW) range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma,and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage.The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantle crust-mixed source,and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal golddeposits.Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metailogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world,we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits.The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities,extension and detachment resulted from thermal upweiling of magmas.The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids,and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits.Moreover,many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.
基金supported by Opening Project(201206)of the State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry,Chinese Academia of Sciencesthe National Nature Science Foundation of China(40773020,40972071,90714010,and 40634020)
文摘U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr) i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd(t) values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere (mantle and lower crust).
文摘A high pressure basic granulite ultramafic rock belt, which is about 200km long and trends toward NE, occurs in the late Archaean orthogneiss in Laixi Laiyang Qixia area, eastern Shangdong. This belt is located east to the Su Lu UHPM terrane and west to the Archaean rocks of the North China craton, therefore, its geological situation and implication for collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate is very important. The analyzed sample of high pressure basic granulite has decreasing pressure metamorphic texture. The mineral assemblage of retrograde metamorphism is of granulite facies. The sample yields an internal mineral whole rock Sm Nd isochron age of 1725Ma. The T(DM) age of whole rock is 2788Ma. These data are very similar to those of high pressure basic granulites in Northern China craton. Considering the petrological and geochemical characteristics and isotopic ages, the high pressure granulite ultramafic rock belt in eastern Shandong is suggested to belong to the North China craton and to be of the early Precambrian lower crust. Their lifting from the lower crustal level is related to collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172018 and 41202003)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2012CB821900)the Special Founds for the Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Academia Sinica(9118)
文摘The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastern Shandong Province,China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cretaceous,whereas those represented by the dictyoolithids and spheroolithids became extinct in the middle Late Cretaceous and the new species represented by ovaloolithids appeared in the late Late Cretaceous.Estimated eggshell conductance of water vapor is over 4 to over 115 times higher in spheroolithids and the dictyoolithids than in elongatoolithids and ovaloolithids,indicating that eggs of the first two oofamilies required higher humidity during incubation.Based on the18O record as preserved in eggshell,a change from relatively humid to relatively dry climatic conditions can be assumed to have taken place during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous.It is reasonable to suggest that the change in climate was the cause of the dinosaur diversity.
文摘Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging from 90 Ma to 140 Ma. The emplacement of the dikes suggests a major Yanshanian (Cretaceous) crustal extension in Shandong province. Together with other available age data, this study suggests four periods of crustal extension at about 80 Ma, 100 Ma, 120 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively. Besides the effect of collapse of the Yanshanian orogenic belt on the emplacement of the mafic dikes in Shandong in the Cretaceous, the mantle plume and the extensive left-lateral advection and extension of the Tanlu fault also have controlled the crustal extension and the emplacement of the mafic dikes in eastern Shandong and western Shandong, respectively.
文摘The Qixia gold deposit is one of the important quartz vein-type deposits hosted inmetamorphic rocks in the east of Shandong, China. Compositionally the wolframite which isassociated with gold mineralization in the deposit is rich in iron, but poor in manganese, showing that this mineral crystallized from hydrothermal solution at low temperature. The temperatures at the main metallogenic stage of the Qixia gold deposit are Within the range of 160 -270t. The gaseous phases in fluid inclusions are dominated by H2O and CO2, while Na+,Ca2+ and Cl- are the major species in the fluid phase with K+ and F- present in relativelysmall amounts. The salinities of fluids are 4. 2 wt% - 8. 0 wt% NaCl equiv. Meanwhile, thefluid is characterized by either Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ (in five samples) or Na+ > Ca2 + > K+ (in twosamples), quite similar to the composition of ore-forming fluid derived from meteoric water.Primary data on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluid fallwithin a wide range: δ%H2o = - 56‰-95‰ and δ18OH2O=- 3.6‰-4. 5‰ relative toSMOW. These isotopic values fully reflect the distribution features of meteoric water which hasexchanged with the metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Group at different temperatures and W/R ratios, and the metallogenic process is characterized by low W/R ratios. The Rb-Sr isochronage of the Qixia gold deposit is 125. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma, with (87Sr/86Sr) being 0. 7168, and the timeinterval between the gold deposit and its country rocks (granite or metamoprhic rocks) is verylarge. The formation Of the Qiaxia gold deposit is directly related to the evolution of geologicalhistory in eastern Shandong, and a genetic model in which the deep convective circulating meteoric water reacts with the country rocks can be used to explain the metallogenic mechanism ofthe deposit.