Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China

The sustainability of regional rural development depends on the integrated status and the coordination between rural resources-environment conditions and rural socioeco- nomic development. In this paper a diagnostic indicator system is proposed to appraise four representative rural development models such as Mentougou model, Taicang model, Yueqing model and Qionghai model in the eastern coastal region of China from the integrated perspective of population, resources, environment, and development. In conclusion, the formation and evolution of these diverse rural deveJopment models are the direct response to the very different characteristics in the environment, market demand, and regional culture. These models are common in that their sustainability depends on the scientific guidance of the regional development functional positioning, strong intra-regional interactions, and self-adaptability to the external conditions.

Spatio-temporal Dynamic Patterns of Rural Area Development in Eastern Coastal China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of rural area development at the county level in the eastern coastal China. An evaluation index system including 18 factors was developed, and a rural development index (RDI) was constructed to evaluate rural development state in 2000, 2004, and 2008. The quantitative evaluation indicated the following results. 1) This study derived four dominating components by means of principal component analysis, which can explain 78.2% of the total information, namely agricultural production input, the basic condition of agriculture, the comparative effectiveness of grain production, and the household′s own basic conditions. 2) Since the turn of the new millennium, the rural area in the eastern coastal China has experienced a rapid development in general. Well developed, developed, moderately developed and undeveloped rural areas respectively occupied 29.32%, 22.33%, 21.91%, and 10.51% in 2008. 3) The countryside had maintained a sound momentum of developing trend between 2000 and 2008, while the rural development in the eastern coastal China lacked sustainability. And 4) industrialization, urbanization, original economic basis, and location are four major driving forces of the disparity of rural area development in the eastern coastal China. Given these results, the strategies and policies for the improvement of each rural group were put forward.

Evaluation of regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the DPSIR model

The DPSIR assessment method, which implies the relationships among driving force （D）, pressure （P）, status （S）, impact （I）, and response （R）, is widely applied by scholars. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive assessment system for regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the above model using different indicators. Factor analysis and the SPSS statistical analysis software were used to carry out scientific and quantitative assessments. The results indicated that con- tradictions of energy supply and demand as well as environmental pollution are the critical factors that present great challenges to regional energy security in this area. The authors argued that a sustainable, stable, and safe supply energy supply is crucial in solving the aforesaid dilemma, and improving the energy use efficiency is one of the best choices. Some countermeasures and suggestions regarding regional energy supply stability and utilization security were pointed out.

Regional diversity of peasant household response to new countryside construction based on field survey in eastern coastal China

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ＇new countryside construction＇ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region （BRR）,Yangtze River Delta Region （YDR）,and Pan Pearl River Delta Region （PPR）.The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China （ECC） does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households＇ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants＇ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ＇Rules for new countryside construction＇.

Monitoring Soil Salt Content Using HJ-1A Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Rudong County, Eastern China

Hyperspectral data are an important source for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale. However, in previous studies, barriers such as interference due to the presence of vegetation restricted the precision of mapping soil salt content. This study tested a new method for predicting soil salt content with improved precision by using Chinese hyperspectral data, Huan Jing-Hyper Spectral Imager(HJ-HSI), in the coastal area of Rudong County, Eastern China. The vegetation-covered area and coastal bare flat area were distinguished by using the normalized differential vegetation index at the band length of 705 nm(NDVI705). The soil salt content of each area was predicted by various algorithms. A Normal Soil Salt Content Response Index(NSSRI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance(CR-reflectance) at wavelengths of 908.95 nm and 687.41 nm to predict the soil salt content in the coastal bare flat area(NDVI705 < 0.2). The soil adjusted salinity index(SAVI) was applied to predict the soil salt content in the vegetation-covered area(NDVI705 ≥ 0.2). The results demonstrate that 1) the new method significantly improves the accuracy of soil salt content mapping(R2 = 0.6396, RMSE = 0.3591), and 2) HJ-HSI data can be used to map soil salt content precisely and are suitable for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale.

Modern sea level changes of the Eastern China Seas and their influences on coastal areas

The statistics of tidal gauging records showed that the mean sea level of the China Seas has risen for 14 cm in past 100 years. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas have been rising at a speed of about 0.21 -0.23 cm/a since 1960. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas in 1989 were 1.45 cm higher than that in 1988 on average.The sea level rise may cause the damage of the dynamical balance of the natural environments in the coastal area? and form or strengthen many coastal disasters, such as storm-tide catastrophic events, sea water invasion landward, soil salinization in coastal lowland and plains, and beach erosion retreat.

Monitoring Crustal Movement of the Coastal Zone in Eastern China with GPS Technique

In this paper, various dominating factors affecting crustal movement of the coastal zone in eastern China are analyzed, and major characteristics of crustal movement are summarized. Subduction of the pacific plate and Philippine plate and southeastward "escape" of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are believed to be dominating factors affecting crustal movement of that zone. Undoubtedly, it is a best way to monitor this kind of large-scale crustal movement with GPS technique. The feasibility of monitoring crustal m...

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics: seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.

The modern change and evolution tendency of sand coast in the eastern area of Liaodong Gulf

In studying sand beach erosion and protection tactics in Liaoning Province, the authors calculated the wavedata of 27 a Period (1963-1991) at Bayuquan Observation Station in Liaodong Gulf. Together with the beach levellingsand some simple marking stakes monitoring and by having the aid of local annals, the paper analysed the present situationsof the coastline and the causes of sand coastal recession and serious consequences, and then discussed the dynamic processof alongshore sand transport. Simultaneously, based on alongshore sand transport model, oneline cut-and-fill theory anddynamical water model(sea level rise), the authors preliminary estimated beach process for the future in the area.Recently, the coastline is being eroded and 2/3 of the sand coast is subjected to erosion, which the recession rate ofthe individual sector exceed 7. 0 m/a. Coastal erosion has threatened villages, roads, factories and tourist resources. Sealevel rises and the decreasing amount of materials by rivers discharged into the sea and the activities of man, made coast line recession rate accelerate, and cause a great loss of land in the area.

依嵌而融:东部沿海城市各民族交往交流交融的多维互嵌要素研究

东部沿海城市已成为各民族交往交流交融和全方位相互嵌入的重要场域。人口要素、空间互嵌、经济互嵌和文化互嵌构成了民族交往交流交融的社会基础、场域环境、物质条件和精神依归。以天津市为例,在人口基础要素方面,民族成份齐全多元,少数民族流动人口规模增长较快等,使得各民族社会交往的人口资源增量较为丰富。在空间互嵌环境方面,民族空间交往的场域环境存具区际分布结构、民族聚居结构和社区互嵌结构的差异性。在经济互嵌条件方面,民族就业领域存在集中化现象,各民族围绕职业领域和就业分布进行民族生产交往。在文化互嵌依归方面,通过各民族文化互嵌共生,强化中华文化认同与国家认同教育,增进了民族精神交往。要坚持“并重”思维,理性看待民族就业分布集中化现象,在把握客观规律的基础上建设民族互嵌式社区,顺势而为地推动东部沿海城市各民族广泛交往、全面交流和深度交融。

东部沿海软土车站深基坑开挖地连墙变形规律

为了明确东部沿海软土地区地铁车站深基坑开挖引起的地连墙变形规律,对杭州、上海、宁波为代表的东部沿海地区地铁车站深基坑地连墙变形特性开展统计分析,结果表明:3个地区地连墙侧向变形集中于0~30mm,大于其它地区围护结构侧向变形统计值。地连墙最大侧向变形随基坑开挖深度增大而增加,杭州地区地连墙最大侧向变形随基坑开挖深度变化范围较大,但基坑开挖深度对地连墙变形的影响小于上海和宁波地区。对地连墙侧向变形曲线进行无量纲化处理得到3个地区地铁车站基坑地连墙变形表现为“中凸形”模式,地连墙侧移在0~0.5x(x表示开挖深度内地连墙最大侧向变形对应位置与基坑开挖深度的比值)范围内增速较快,最大侧移发生在0.5x~1.1x间的位置,随后逐渐减小。

“安全—发展”同构视角下的城市系统韧性评价——以东部沿海地区省会城市为例

在现代化高速发展的时代,不确定性风险已成为城市系统运行中面临的常态。基于“安全—发展”同构视角,构建城市系统韧性框架与评价指标体系,运用熵权—灰色关联法对我国东部沿海地区省会城市的系统韧性水平进行综合测算,并根据演变趋势及特征进行评价。研究表明,我国东部沿海地区大部分省会城市的系统韧性水平在研究期内呈波动上升态势,各城市的子系统韧性水平分异明显,其中基础设施韧性和社会韧性是城市系统韧性水平差异的主导因素,当年实际使用外资、排水管道密度、专利授权数和交通货运总量是影响东部沿海地区省会城市系统韧性的主要指标。

基于环境行为心理学的鲁东沿海旅游乡村评价

针对我国大部分乡村旅游的游客稀少、后续环境管理维护差及同质性严重等多重问题,基于在环境行为心理学的基础,结合鲁东沿海地区文化元素,采用层次分析法从环境感知、心理感知和行为感知三个方面构建鲁东沿海旅游乡村POE评价指标体系,从17个指标层对山东省五个省级以上沿海旅游示范村进行评价。评价结果揭示了各村在环境感知要素、心理感知要素和行为感知要素三个方面的优势及不足。对于不足之处提出,提升沿海乡村综合环境、关注游客心理感受和注重沿海乡村资源整合等优化策略。

闽东沿海台风大风天气分布特征

基于2011-2020年中央气象台台风逐小时资料、沿海自动站观测资料,分析闽东沿海台风大风天气分布特征.结果表明:2011-2020年,闽东影响台风共有62个.其中,56个造成闽东沿海大风天气,年均5.6个.闽东沿海台风大风影响时段在6-11月,8月闽东沿海出现的台风大风天气过程最多,秋季影响台风均能造成闽东沿海大风天气.较其他月份,闽东沿海7月更常出现强烈的台风大风天气,近10年闽东沿海7月的台风大风过程中36%达到了12级及以上,其中18%达到14级及以上,两个等级的强风在7月占比均为各月份中最高,近10年闽东沿海台风大风历史极值也出现在7月.T1、T2、T3型闽东影响台风均造成闽东沿海台风大风天气,92.3%的T4型台风、86.7%的T5型台风也造成闽东沿海大风天气.T1、T2型台风造成的大风最强,阵风最高可达14级及以上,T3、T4、T5型台风大风强度则较弱.不同路径台风各区域极大风存在差异,但大多数情况下,同一纬度,越靠近开阔海面,大风影响程度越严重.台风大风极值多出现在海岛站点,而各地形区域临近开阔海面的站点极大风次之,也都达到较大的等级,临近大陆站点及海湾内部海岛站点风力等级往往最小.

1998～2008年中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征

基于1998～2008年的SPOT-VGT数据,利用CVA、一元线性回归、Hurst指数等方法分析中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征及趋势,并编制植被覆盖退化特征图谱。研究表明:植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,高变化和中变化区比例合计达26.23%;与此同时,退化区也大量分布;植被覆盖变化的自相似性和长程依赖性突出,区域尺度Hurst指数高达0.84,增长趋势可持续,像元尺度Hurst指数普遍较高,但空间格局比较复杂;未来植被覆盖趋于恶化的面积约占10.58%,三大都市圈及部分海岸带区域严重退化并将持续退化,众多中小城市周边中度退化并将持续退化。

中国东部沿海地区乡村发展类型及其乡村性评价

在界定农业主导、工业主导、商旅服务和均衡发展四个乡村发展类型的基础上,对中国东部沿海地区的乡村发展类型进行了划分。基于乡村对社会具有的功能构建了乡村性指数(RI)以刻划不同发展类型的乡村性强弱,并对东部沿海地区各发展类型的乡村性进行了评价。结果表明:东部沿海地区57.6%的县市一、二、三产业得到均衡发展;农业主导、工业主导和商旅服务业主导的发展地域类型分别占总面积的18.64%、11.99%和11.75%;农业主导乡村发展类型中乡村性较强(RI>0.5)的地域占到59.1%;工业主导乡村发展类型中乡村性弱(RI<0.4)和居中(0.4<RI<0.5)的地域分别占到33.4%和42.8%;商旅服务业为主导的乡村发展类型中,大部分地域(42.7%)乡村性弱,乡村性强和居中的地域分别占到27.3%和30.0%;均衡发展类型中乡村性弱的地域占17.2%,乡村性较强的地域占到37%,接近半数(45.8%)的均衡发展类型其乡村性居中。并指出,当今全球化和社会经济重构背景下乡村的多功能性发展和立足当地(Place-Based)的乡村发展模式,使得某些县域的乡村性指数值与其他同类地区差异较大,以及同一乡村性指数值可能对应不同的乡村发展类型。最后提出了中国农业与乡村地理学科领域亟需加强研究的方向和内容。

东部沿海地区农村发展功能定位与生产要素整合模式探讨

东部沿海地区农业与农村发展进入了快速转型与升级的新阶段,现代农业、村庄整治、农村信息化建设成为新形势下沿海农业与农村发展的重要内容;与此同时,农业资源低效利用、农村环境污染、农村集体经济薄弱等一系列问题日益凸显。明确农村地域的粮食安全、经济安全、社会安全和生态安全功能定位,以农村生产要素整合为切入点,进而实施农村生产要素的空间整合(包括生态空间整合、生产空间整合和生活空间整合)、组织整合和产业整合,能够有效引领农村社会经济的有序健康发展。

东部沿海地区农业结构变动特征及区域差异分析

2005年东部沿海地区农、林、牧、渔产值比重是49.5︰3.2︰29.7︰17.6,农业结构逐步得到优化。本文分析了农业结构系数与农民人均纯收入、人均GDP的关系,揭示了经济发达地区农业结构变动特征及其地域差异性,发现差异性主要表现在农业部门的变动趋势和农业结构的变化率;并根据比较优势理论,分析了地区间农业部门的比较优势,这也是未来区域农业结构优化布局的主要依据。

粤东海域表层沉积物中生物硅和有机质水平分布研究

为了了解粤东海域沉积物生源要素分布及其与海域环境的关系,于2006年7月至2007年11月采集了柘林湾外至南澳岛以及汕头港附近海域10个采样点的春、夏、秋、冬4个季度的表层沉积物样品,分析了沉积物中生物硅（BSi）与有机质（OM）的含量。结果表明,研究海域沉积物中BSi和OM含量的变化范围分别为0.20%～0.67%和2.31%～11.14%,平均含量分别为0.43%和8.06%,且季度差异不明显。线性回归结果表明,OM与BSi含量具有明显的正相关关系,说明硅藻是该海域有机质的重要来源。柘林湾外海域BSi含量明显较高,显示出该海域较高的硅藻生产力;而汕头港海域较高的陆源输入导致沉积物中OM含量明显较高。