Laparoscopic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison between Middle Eastern and Western experience

Laparoscopic liver resection （LLR） for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is increasing in this era of minimal invasive liver surgery. LLR for HCC is currently known to be a safer procedure than it was before because of technical advances and improvement in postoperative patient management and remains the first-line treatment for HCC in compensated cirrhosis in many centers. We have the chance of analyzing the paper about the comparison between Middle Eastern and Western experience for LLR as treatment of HCC.

Eurasia Continental Bridge——An Important Link of the Coordinated Development between China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,

Fluid migration paths in the marine strata of typical structures in the western Hubei-eastern Chongqing area,China

The western Hubei-eastern Chongqing area is an important prospective zone for oil and gas exploration in the central Yangtze area. Three representative structures, the Xinchang structure, Longjuba gas-bearing structure and the Jiannan gas field, were selected to analyze biomarker parameters in marine strata and to examine various types of natural gas and hydrocarbon sources. Fluid inclusions; carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopic characteristics; organic geochemical analysis and simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of source rocks were used for tracing fluid migration paths in marine strata of the study area. The Carboniferous-Triassic reservoirs in three typical structures all experienced at least two stages of fluid accumulation. All marine strata above the early Permian were shown to have fluids originating in the Permian rocks, which differed from the late stage fluids. The fluids accumulated in the late Permian reservoirs of the Xinchang structure were Cambrian fluids, while those in the late Carboniferous reservoirs were sourced from a combination of Silurian and Cambrian fluids. A long-distance and large-scale cross-formational flow of fluids destroyed the preservation conditions of earlier accumulated hydrocarbons. A short-distance cross-formational accumulation of Silurian fluids was shown in the late Permian reservoirs of the Longjuba structure with favorable hydrocarbon preservation conditions. The fluid accumulation in the Carboniferous reservoirs of the Jiannan structure mainly originated from neighboring Silurian strata with a small amount from the Cambrian strata. As a result, the Jiannan structure was determined to have the best preservation conditions of the three. Comparative analysis of fluid migration paths in the three structures revealed that the zone with a weaker late tectonism and no superimposition and modification of the Upper and Lower Paleozoic fluids or the Upper Paleozoic zone with the fluid charging from the Lower Paleozoic in the western Hubei-easteru Chongqing area are important target areas for future exploration.

Deep-derived enclaves (belonging to middle-lower crust metamorphic rocks) in the Liuhe-Xiangduo area, eastern Tibet: Evidence from petrogeochemistry

Petrological and geochemical studies of deep-derived enclaves from the Liuhe-Xiangduo area, eastern Tibet, showed that the enclaves involve five types of rocks, i.e., garnet diopsidite, garnet amphibolite, garnet hornblendite, amphibolite and hornblendite, whose main mineral assemblages are Grt+Di+Hbl, Grt+Pl+Hbl+Di, Grt+Hbl+Pl, Pl+Hbl, and Hbl+Bt, respectively. The enclaves exhibit typical crystalloblastic texture, and growth zones are well developed in garnet (Grt) in the enclaves. In view of major element geochemistry, the deep|derived enclaves are characterized by high MgO and FeO+*, ranging from {12.00%} to {12.30%} and {8.15%} to {10.94%}, respectively. The protolith restoration of metamorphic rocks revealed that the enclaves belong to ortho-metamorphic rocks. The REE abundances vary over a wide range, and ∑REE ranges from {53.39} to {129.04} μg/g. The REE patterns slightly incline toward the HREE side with weak LREE enrichment. The contents of Rb, Sr, and Ba range from {8.34} to 101μg/g, 165 to 1485 μg/g, and 105 to 721 μg/g, respectively. The primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams of trace elements show obvious negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the enclaves indicated that the potential source of deep-derived enclaves is similar to the depleted|mantle, and their {({}+{87}Sr/+{86}Sr)-i} ratios vary from {0.706314} to {0.707198}, {({}+{147}Nd/+{144}Nd)-i} ratios from {0.512947} to {0.513046}, and {ε-{Nd}(T)} values from {+7.0} to {+9.0}, respectively. The potential source of the enclaves is obviously different from the EM2-type mantle from which high-K igneous rocks stemmed (the host rocks), i.e., there is no direct genetic relationship between the enclaves and the host rocks. Deep-derived enclaves in the host rocks belong to mafic xenoliths, and those in the Liuhe-Xiangduo area, eastern Tibet, are some middle-lower crust ortho-metamorphic rocks which were accidentally captured at 20-50 km level by rapidly entrained high-temperature high-K magma, whose source is considered to be located at 50-km depth or so.

Characteristics of change of the SST in the tropical western Pa-cific and the tropical Indian Ocean and its response to thechange of the Antarctic ice area

In this paper, by using ocean surface temperature data(COADS), the study is made of the characteristics of the monthly and annual changes of the SST in the tropical western Pacific and Indian Oceans, which have important influences on the climate change of the whole globe and the relation between ENSO(El Nio Southern Oscillation) and the Antarctic ice area is also discussed. The result indicates that in the tropical western Pacific and the Indian Oceans the change of Sea Surface Temperture(SST) is conspicuous both monthly and annaully, and shows different change tendency between them. This result may be due to different relation in the vibration period of SST between the two Oceans. The better corresponding relationship is obvious in the annual change of SST in the tropical Indian Ocean with the occurrence El Nio and La Nia. The change of the SST in the tropical western Pacific and the tropical Indian Oceans has a close relation to the Antarctic ice area, especially to the ice areas in the eastern south Pole and Ross Sea, and its notable correlative relationship appears in 16 months when the SST of the tropical western Pacific and the Indian Oceans lag back the Antarctic ice area.

Volume and Surface Distribution Heterogeneity of Nano-pore in Coal Samples by CO2 and N2 Adsorption Experiments

In this paper,the heterogeneity of adsorption pores in middle and high rank coal samples were analyzed by using low temperature N2 and CO2 adsorption technology and fractal theory.The following results were achieved.1)According to the results of volume and surface fractal dimension,meso-pores can be classified into Mep-1,Mep-2,and Mep-3,respectively.Micro-pore can be classified into Mip-1,Mip-2,and Mip-3,respectively.2)Pore types play an important role in affecting the heterogeneity of meso-pores.The volume heterogeneity(VHY)of Mep-1 is simpler than that of Mep-2 and Mep-3 in type A samples.However,the VHY of Mep-1 becomes gradually larger than that of Mep-2 and Mep-3 from type A to type B and C.The VHY of open pore in the same diameter is higher than that of semi-open or closed pore.Meanwhile,the surface heterogeneity(SHY)of types A and B samples is significantly larger than that of type C,the SHY of semi-open or closed pores is more complicated than that of open pores.3)Coal rank mainly affects the heterogeneity of micro-pores.The heterogeneity of type A is always smaller than that of type B and C.The VHY of Mip-1 is more complicated than that of Mip-2 and Mip-3 in the same samples,and the sensitivity of the VHY of Mip-1 and Mip-2 to the degree of coal rank is smaller than that of Mip-3.Meanwhile,the SHY of Mip-1 and Mip-2 is simpler than that of Mip-3 in the same sample,the SHY of micro-pores remains stable as the pore size decreases,and the affect of coalification level on SHY decreases with the decrease in pore diameter.Full-scale fractal characterization has enabled quantitative characterization of adsorption pore properties and provided useful information with regards to the similarity of pore features in different coal reservoirs.

An Evaluation on the Effects of the Policy of the Great Campaign of Western Development of China in the First 10 Years Based on the Kuznets Regional Inverted-U Theory

In order to reduce the regional differentials or narrow the gap in economic development between eastern and western areas and prevent the intensification of contradictions resulting from the regional inequality during the development process, the government of China launched the Great Campaign of Western Development （GCWD） in 2000. In this paper, we will evaluate the effects of the first 10 years＇ GCWD and use the latest Chinese annual data from 1978 to 2010 to investigate the problem of regional differentials in the development process, evaluate the effects of GCWD policy and test whether there is a regional Kuznets inverted-U curve in the regional development of China. The result shows that there are both good and bad news： the good news is that the inverted U-shaped curve of absolute differential between eastern and western areas finally emerges （the previous studies showed that the inverted-U curve did not appear and the differentials between eastern and western areas became worse） and the bad news is that the differential is in the first half of the inverted U-shaped curve in our choice of time span （1978-2010）, that is, it is still in the situation of deterioration, and the turning better point will emerge in 2025. Although the western areas have benefitted from GCWD, the absolute gap has been still widened. To narrow the gap, the western areas should accelerate the industrial development and the government should adjust the policy and make more efforts to support the development of the industry in the western areas, especially cultivate and support the development of the western characteristic and advantageous industry rather than just supporting the construction of infrastructure in the western areas.

川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩气勘探成果及方向展望

基于构造、岩心、测井等资料,采用电镜扫描、低温N_(2)吸附实验、高压压汞实验、盆地模拟等手段,系统分析了川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩的沉积演化、储层特征及页岩气富集模式,明确了勘探有利区,总结了勘探成果及意义。研究结果表明:(1)红星地区中上二叠统的沉积演化表现为:栖霞组—茅口组三段为开阔台地相;茅四段底部为台地-陆棚相,相带变化快,茅四段顶部为斜坡-陆棚相,地层被剥蚀、南厚北薄;吴家坪组一段(吴一段)底部为海陆过渡滨岸沼泽-潟湖相,吴一段顶部为台地-斜坡-陆棚相,斜坡-陆棚相带分布范围小、相变快;吴二段为斜坡-陆棚相沉积,从早至晚依次受控于古气候、火山活动和古气候、火山活动,沉积中—晚期古生产力较高,TOC均值大于8.00%。(2)研究区茅四段及吴二段陆棚相区发育2套优质页岩,具有“高有机碳-高灰质”的特征,富有机质页岩厚度分别为19 m和25 m,孔隙类型以有机孔为主,结构以微孔和介孔为主;富碳凝灰岩薄夹层混合质页岩岩相、高碳凝灰岩薄夹层硅质页岩为优质岩相,孔隙度分别为6.27%和6.43%,TOC值分别为10.11%和9.35%,含气饱和度分别为92.59%和91.81%,脆性指数分别为55.24%和61.19%,是地质和工程的双“甜点”段。(3)研究区二叠系广泛发育的层状藻为主要有机质来源;在侏罗纪主排烃期,其构造稳定、二叠系烃源岩排烃较少,中侏罗纪—早白垩纪早期为主生气期,构造活动较弱,页岩气的保存条件好,现今已完成生气过程,处于成熟—过成熟阶段,Ro值约2.1%,勘探潜力巨大。(4)建南、龙驹坝、三星区块为有利勘探区,其中建南区块潜力最大;茅四段(3)小层及吴二段(3)小层为优质层系的靶窗层段。

东西部协作地区社区教育资源现状调查、整合模式与共享机制研究——以江苏昆山和贵州碧江为例

社区教育资源的完善与否直接关系到社区教育能否有序开展。由于经济发展差异,目前东部地区社区教育资源充裕,西部地区社区教育资源严重不足。为促进东西部地区协调发展,国家出台了一系列政策文件。在东西部协作背景下,以江苏省昆山市和贵州省铜仁市碧江区为案例地,调查分析东西部协作地区社区教育资源现状,提出东西部协作地区社区教育资源整合模式:社区交流模式、校校合作模式、在线平台模式、政府主导模式、社会参与模式,并提出东西部协作地区社区教育资源共享机制:经费投入机制、课程开发机制、师资建设机制、学习激励机制、学分互认机制。

发现“东西中国”:市场化与当代乡村变迁

改革开放以来出现的全国统一的劳动力市场、全国性的农产品市场和全国性的婚姻“市场”,让乡村走向了自由开放。市场化改变社会连接方式,打破乡村的地方性,让乡村中的人财物变成了自由流动的要素,市场区位决定了乡村人财物流动的方向。在三大市场的共同作用下,农村人财物总体呈现东进西出的特点,乡村秩序和乡村发展因而出现了显著的东中西地区差异。东部与中西部地区农村不仅在城乡关系、村庄形态等方面存在不同,而且还存在发展路径上的差异。“东西中国”是从农民与市场的关系的角度,呈现出改革开放后乡村变迁逻辑和分布形态。下一步,在定位乡村发展、实施乡村振兴、选择基层治理手段和推动重大涉农政策改革的过程中,要立足于“东西中国”这个现实前提。

陕西西安浐灞生态区广大门汉墓M14发掘简报

2020年5月至11月,陕西省考古研究院在广大门村DK6宗地勘探发掘古代墓葬17座,围沟1组。其中M14为带有墓园的“甲”字形长斜坡墓道土圹墓,出土了铜、陶、铁、铅、金、玉、石、骨、角、蚌器等各类遗物117件(组),推测墓主级别可至列侯。这座墓葬的发掘为研究汉代列侯墓葬及葬制的变化提供了新的材料。

可持续生计框架下城镇家庭生活性借贷行为研究--基于2017年CHFS数据的实证分析

基于2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,设计我国城镇家庭生活性借贷行为的可持续生计框架,运用熵值法赋权、Probit边际效应模型进行回归分析,首先实证分析全国城镇家庭生活性借贷行为影响因素,其次按东、中、西部地区进行划分,分析各地区城镇家庭生活性借贷行为的影响因素,并进行内生性与稳健性检验。实证结果表明,对中部地区城镇家庭而言,人力资本、经济资本、社会资本均会促进其生活性借贷的产生,而物质资本则会抑制其行为;对东、西部地区城镇家庭来说,人力资本、经济资本、社会资本均对其生活性借贷行为产生显著性影响,但不同地区具体的影响因素各不相同,使得其实证结论不一。因此,若欲改善各地区家庭生活性借贷现状,进而降低家庭负债率,应考虑各地区人力、经济、社会及物质等因素的实际情况,东部地区城镇家庭保持生计资本投入稳步增长,家庭借贷行为平稳有序发展;中、西部地区城镇家庭增加家庭资本积累,金融机构放宽借贷条件,配合政府政策,将家庭、金融机构及政府三方的努力相结合,共建稳定、和谐、高质量发展的新格局。

中国陆上东、西部地区火山岩成藏比较研究与意义

中国东、西部地区火山岩油气成藏既有共性也有差异。其共性特征是:生储盖组合类型均以近源组合为主;物性受埋深影响小,非均质性普遍较强;主力烃源岩以煤系泥岩为主,演化程度普遍较高。差异表现为:东部火山岩多形成于中、新生代陆内裂谷,以中酸性为主,以受深大断裂控制的中心式喷发为主,西部火山岩多形成于古生代陆内裂谷和岛弧,以中基性为主,喷发期次和类型多;东部火山岩储集空间以原生气孔和裂缝为主,西部主要以次生溶孔和裂缝为主;东部以岩性、构造-岩性气藏为主,成藏受生烃中心、深大断裂和火山岩喷发结构控制,原位性明显,西部多为地层不整合油气藏,不整合面、烃源岩和大型断裂是主要控制因素,原位性和异位性兼有。

秦祁昆结合部早中三叠世构造古地理

论述了秦祁昆结合带早中三叠世时不同地区的沉积环境、盆地格架、构造古地理等特征.根据岩石组合特征、沉积特征和古生物化石组合,分析研究了早中三叠世秦祁昆结合带地层的相变、超覆、穿时现象.论述了闹仓坚沟组的岩石组合特征、岩相、时代,并对其含义进行了修订,认为闹仓坚沟组的时代是早中三叠世,由灰岩和碎屑岩组成,灰岩从底部上穿到顶部与碎屑岩呈相变关系.并阐述了秦祁昆结合带的沉积、构造古地理特征.

湘西—黔东地区寒武系清虚洞组地层特征与铅锌成矿关系

湘西—黔东地区寒武系发育完整,是一套从黑色岩系到碳酸盐岩的沉积序列。下寒武统清虚洞组由灰岩段和白云岩段组成,纵向上构成总体向上海水变浅的沉积相序列,同时反映了缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地的发育过程。该组空间上从北西至南东可识别出潮坪相、局限台地相粉细晶云岩、台地边缘浅滩相粉细晶灰岩和台地边缘(滩)丘相微晶灰岩、浅-深缓坡相、陆棚相泥灰岩、台地前缘盆地等沉积。研究表明,地层岩性、岩相古地理对铅锌矿具有明显的控制作用,微晶丘是主要容矿层,与微生物和海底热水关系密切。铅锌成矿明显与浊流沉积和风暴沉积等事件沉积相关,浊积岩、微晶丘、砾(粒)屑灰岩构成一完整的铅锌控矿序列。

中国农村全面小康社会建设的综合评价研究

本文首先界定了“农村全面小康社会”,然后通过定性分析初步拟定了一个较大的候选评价指标体系,再后建立了连续14年的31个省市自治区和全国水平的数据库,通过一次差分法剔除趋势性和伪相关,通过Peareson相关检验法剔除重复表达指标,最后确定了一个只包含16个指标的评价指标体系。通过采用适当的农村全面小康指数(ROXI)和农村人类发展指数(RHDI)的计算方法得出评价结果如下:首先,2003年末全国的农村全面小康才实现15.6%,农民收入水平与结构、农村社会保障和农村科教卫子系统的差距较大;其次,东中西部三个地区间的ROXI差距大,东部要明显快于中西部;第三,RHDI与ROXI所反映的各省排序出入不大,说明ROXI有较好的衡量经济社会发展的功能。与RHDI相比,ROXI的优点是能较好地反映各省的经济社会发展差距。

川东南—鄂西渝东地区下古生界页岩气勘探前景

中上扬子地台发育2套重要的海相深灰色—黑色页岩,分别为下寒武统牛蹄塘组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组,主要由富含黄铁矿、有机质或生物化石的黑色炭质页岩组成,厚度大、分布广。牛蹄塘组页岩有机质演化程度高、埋藏相对较深、钻井无天然气显示;龙马溪组页岩有机质演化程度相对中等、埋藏深度适度、钻井天然气显示丰度高,特别是志留系其它粉砂岩层段可产工业性气流。因此,下志留统页岩更有利于研究区页岩气的勘探和开发,更加适合作为中国南方页岩气战略先导区的重点目标勘探层位。总体上,两套页岩在川东南—鄂西渝东地区出露范围广,有利于针对页岩展开相关研究,特别是背斜和向斜的翼部区是页岩气勘探最为有利的地区。

滇东黔西多煤层地区煤层气“层次递阶”地质选区指标体系构建

针对滇东黔西多煤层、高地应力和构造复杂等地质特点,在明确提出煤层气地质选区过程中的有利区、甜点区和甜点段概念的基础上,阐明了3者之间"层次递阶"的关系。有利区指从滇东黔西的众多次级向斜中优选有利向斜,甜点区指从有利向斜中优选煤层气开发"靶区",甜点段是在煤层气开发"靶区"内从垂向上优选组合层段。针对研究区次级向斜多,勘探程度差异大,许多参数无法统一的特点,在有利区优选指标体系中提出了煤层气地质资源量、地质资源丰度和可采资源量相结合的关键指标,煤层气地质资源量和地质资源丰度为一票否决指标;针对研究区构造复杂和高地应力的特点,在甜点区优选指标体系中提出了断层分维值、构造曲率及埋深相结合的关键指标,断层分维值为一票否决指标;针对研究区多煤层发育,易诱发层间干扰的特点,在甜点段优选指标体系中提出了煤体结构、临界解吸压力差和储层压力梯度差相结合的关键指标,煤体结构为一票否决指标;并在各个阶段均提出了相应的参考指标,最终构建了针对研究区特点具有区域特色的煤层气地质选区指标体系。

鄂西—渝东地区热史恢复及烃源岩成烃史

根据鄂西—渝东地区镜质体反射率数据进行的热史恢复结果表明：该区在晚二叠世初期达到最高古热流（可达68—78mW／m^2，地表热流），从晚二叠世初到现今古热流持续降低，在侏罗纪末期古热流平均为-54mW／m^2（地表热流）；鄂西—渝东地区中生界与新生界之间不整合面的剥蚀量可达1700—4000m。成烃史研究表明：鄂西—渝东地区志留系烃源岩在晚志留世—早二叠世进入生油高峰，在早-中三叠世进人生气期，中侏罗世晚期进入过成熟干气阶段，快速生烃时期是在晚志留世、二叠纪—中三叠世及早-中侏罗世；而二叠系烃源岩在早三叠世进入生油门限，于中-晚三叠世达到生油高峰，在中-晚侏罗世进入生气期，晚侏罗世晚期进入过成熟，快速生烃时期是在早-中三叠世及侏罗纪。

鄂西渝东地区石柱复向斜志留系小河坝组致密砂岩成岩作用

通过普通薄片及铸体薄片鉴定、镜质体反射率、粘土矿物X-射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试分析,对鄂西渝东地区石柱复向斜志留系小河坝组成岩现象、成岩序列及成岩演化进行了深入的研究和探讨,明确了该区小河坝组目前已达晚成岩-表生成岩期,建立了该区成岩演化序列,探讨了成岩作用对储层孔隙的影响及其致密化过程。研究表明,该区小河坝组砂岩储层经历了沉积、同生期和早成岩期的致密化过程和中成岩期及表生成岩期的正向改造过程。由于早成岩期结束时储层非常致密的格局已经形成,这种早期的致密化过程严重影响了次生孔隙的形成,使得储层未能在次生孔隙形成的最佳时期内形成大量的次生孔隙。