The Effect of Core Eccentricity on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Tall Buildings

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of core eccentricity on the structural behavior of concrete tall buildings.Concrete buildings of 55 floors with plan dimensions 48.0×48.0 m2 were investigated.Three cases of main core locations are studied:centric(A),eccentric by one sixth(B)and one third(C)of building width.The three-dimensional finite element method has been used in conducting structural analysis through ETABS software.Gravity and lateral(wind and seismic)loadings are applied to all building cases.It has been concluded that the core location is the prime parameter governing the structural behavior of tall buildings.Although the first two cases(A,B)have acceptable and similar structural behaviors conforming to code limits,in the third case(C),the building behavior came beyond code limits.The author introduced remedial action by adding two secondary cores in the opposite direction of the main core(C-R)to restore the building behavior to the code limits.The results of this action were satisfactory.

Numerical investigation of effect of eccentric decoupled charge structure on blasting-induced rock damage

Eccentric decoupling blasting is commonly used in underground excavation.Determination of perimeter hole parameters(such as the blasthole diameter,spacing,and burden)based on an eccentric charge structure is vital for achieving an excellent smooth blasting effect.In this paper,the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)model was employed to study rock mass damage under smooth blasting.Firstly,the parameters of the RHT model were calibrated by using the existing SHPB experiment,which were then verified by the existing blasting experiment results.Secondly,the influence of different charge structures on the blasting effect was investigated using the RHT model.The simulation results indicated that eccentric charge blasting has an obvious pressure eccentricity effect.Finally,to improve the blasting effect,the smooth blasting parameters were optimized based on an eccentric charge structure.The overbreak and underbreak phenomena were effectively controlled,and a good blasting effect was achieved with the optimized blasting parameters.

Numerical simulation of nozzle structure to improve eccentric mold electromagnetic stirring in a round bloom mold

A three-dimensional mathematical model coupling electromagnetic,flow,heat transfer,and solidification has been developed to investigate the effect of eccentric mold electromagnetic stirring(EM-EMS)on the flow and heat transfer of molten steel in round blooms with different cross sections.The uneven distribution of the flow field caused by EM-EMS was improved by changing the straight submerged entry nozzle(SEN)to a four-port SEN.The symmetry index was determined by the velocity distributions on the left and right sides of the center cross section of mold electromagnetic stirring(M-EMS),which quantitatively evaluated the symmetry of EM-EMS on the flow field.In the presence of EM-EMS,the maximum temperature difference ofϕ500 mm andϕ650 mm round blooms between the inner and outer curves amounted to 63 and 26 K,respectively.The maximum distinction between the solidified shells in the inner and outer curves was 11.5 and 5.3 mm,respectively.After using the four-port SEN,the temperature and the shell distribution on the inner and outer curves for theϕ500 mm round bloom were almost the same.The symmetry indices ofϕ500 mm andϕ650 mm round blooms were increased from 0.55 and 0.70 to 0.77 and 0.87,respectively.The four-port SEN can be used to mitigate the negative impact of EM-EMS on the steel flow field.

Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers

In this paper, the control performance is investigated of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) over torsional response of offshore platform structures excited by ground motions. Based on the equation of motion for the CTLCD-structure system, the optimal control parameters of CTLCD are given through some derivations on the supposition that the ground motion is a stochastic process. The influence of systematic parameters on the equivalent damping ratio of the structures is analyzed with purely torsional vibration and translational-torsional coupled vibration, respectively. The results show that the Circular Tuned Liquid Column Damper (CTLCD) is an effective torsional response control device.

Behavior of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns

The glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube is an effective material that can increase the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete.To study the mechanical behavior of this composite structure,twenty-one concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns were tested under an eccentric load.The principle influencing factors,such as the eccentricity ratio,concrete strength and ratio of longitudinal reinforcement were also studied.In addition,the course of deformation,failure mode,and failure mechanism were analyzed by observing the phenomena and summarizing the data.The test results indicated that the strength and deformation characteristics of core concrete increase as a result of the addition of the GFRP tube.However,the gain in strength due to the addition of the GFRP tube decreases as the ratio of e /d increases.An increase in the longitudinal steel ratio can improve the bearing capacity of the composite short column effectively.Furthermore,the study showed that the constraint effect of the GFRP tube on high-strength concrete is not as effective as that on common concrete.The reason is that the lateral deformation of the high-strength concrete is less than that of the common concrete when the concrete column was tested under the same axial compression ratio.

Torsional effect of space structure in frequent earthquakes

Taking a concrete frame supporting space structure as the research object,we systematically studied its lateral-torsion coupling effect of reverse problems in consistent earthquake excitation.Firstly,based on its reverse forms and features,we put forward a mechanical analysis model(flexibility layer model) and a calculation method using the response spectrum method and the weighted average method,and verified their validity and feasibility using case analysis.The result shows that the translation displacement change trend of the space structure is basically the same whether reverse exists in the supporting structure or not,but the supporting structure torsion has an effect on the displacement with a relative increase of 10%.

大直径偏心型文丘里施肥器优化设计与试验

为改善现有大直径文丘里施肥器的吸肥性能,对其进行结构优化设计.基于大直径对称型文丘里施肥器(M型),对其改造设计为偏心型文丘里施肥器(P型).采用正交设计方法,应用数值模拟技术,以吸肥效率为评价指标确定P型文丘里施肥器最优结构参数组合,并对2种施肥器进行试验测试和数值模拟对比分析.结果表明最优结构参数组合为喉管进口直径17 mm、扩散角3°、喉管出口直径20 mm、喉管凹槽宽度4 mm、喉管直线段长度16.6 mm、喉管凹槽直径27 mm、收缩角23.5°.通过试验测试对比分析,经结构优化后的P型施肥器较M型施肥器的最大吸肥流量提高了21.4%;在进口压力为0.25 MPa时,最大吸肥浓度提升了约30.7%,最大吸肥效率提升了约13.9%.流场分析表明,相较于M型施肥器,在相同的压差条件下,P型施肥器更不容易产生空化,并且P型文丘里施肥器流态更加稳定,能量损失更小.可见优化后的偏心型文丘里施肥器能提高吸肥性能.

波纹钢-混凝土复合结构高温压弯性态研究

波纹钢-混凝土复合结构因其强度较高且施工高效已逐渐应用于隧道支护中,但波纹钢板由于无混凝土的保护,在高温下性能劣化严重。依托云南省普洱市高山寨隧道,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型进行数值模拟分析,研究波纹钢-混凝土复合结构在不同温度和不同偏心距正负弯矩作用下的多工况高温压弯性态。研究结果表明,随着温度的升高,波纹钢-混凝土复合结构中和轴逐渐上移,初始抗弯刚度和极限荷载逐渐下降;当温度>500℃时,结构性能降低幅度最大,宜将500℃作为结构重点关注温度。

考虑余震和耗能梁损伤的K-EBF结构抗震性能分析

针对构件失效会改变结构原有受力状态,同时建筑物可能会因余震的影响而产生严重破坏甚至倒塌的问题,研究了耗能梁构件损伤失效和余震对K形偏心支撑钢框架(K-EBF)结构抗震性能的影响。对12层和18层K-EBF结构算例以最大层间位移角为地震需求参数,峰值地震加速度(PGA)为地震动强度参数进行了增量动力分析、结构易损性分析和抗倒塌性能评估。结果表明:同时考虑余震以及耗能梁损伤失效与均不考虑相比,12层和18层结构在设防地震时的最大层间侧移角θ_(max)分别增大2.3%和8.4%,重度损伤失效概率分别增大0.6%和2.8%;罕遇地震时的θ_(max)分别增大21.0%和42.1%,重度损伤失效概率分别增大11.6%和19.4%;另外,12层和18层结构的最小抗倒塌储备系数分别下降了32.1%和31.2%;总体上,余震会加剧结构损伤累积,其对结构的影响程度会随地震动强度的变大而增加;在考虑耗能梁构件损伤失效后,结构不同极限状态下失效概率会进一步增大,造成结构的最小抗倒塌储备系数进一步下降;因此,在K-EBF结构抗震性能分析时应充分考虑余震和耗能梁损伤失效所造成的影响,以真实反映结构地震作用下的响应。将耗能梁的损伤失效和余震的影响同时纳入考虑范围可更全面地分析K-EBF结构的抗震性能,为抗震设计提供更可靠的依据。

钢框架-偏心支撑结构消能梁暗置侧向支撑设计

在钢框架-偏心支撑结构中,针对钢结构住宅等建筑中不能接受常规消能梁侧向支撑的情况,设计了一种在消能梁段端部的楼板内设置型钢连接件及暗梁组成的暗置侧向支撑。有限元模拟分析表明,在规范规定的消能梁段下翼缘侧向水平荷载的作用下,该消能梁暗置侧向支撑能显著减小消能梁的扭转变形和侧向弯曲变形;在考虑消能梁上局部楼板失效的情况下,暗置侧向支撑也能提供消能梁合适的扭转约束刚度。通过某工程的原位静荷载试验,验证了该暗置支撑对消能梁发挥的预期侧向支撑作用。

含裂纹反应堆支承结构偏心承载能力研究

针对偏心载荷下含裂纹反应堆支承结构的安全性评定和剩余承载力评估问题,本文开展了支承结构材料断裂力学性能试验。结合数值模拟和双参数失效评定法,探讨了不同裂纹长度和载荷偏心度对支承结构承载能力的影响。结果表明:裂纹长度和载荷偏心度对支承结构的剩余承载力均有显著影响,在进行含裂纹支承结构完整性评定时要考虑载荷的偏心特点,但不同裂纹长度下的双参数失效评定曲线有较为明显的区别,不同载荷偏心度下的评定曲线差别不大;轴向拉伸载荷下的剩余承载力与裂纹长度近似为线性相关,偏心拉伸载荷下具有一定非线性特征。研究成果为核动力系统生命力评估提供方法和数据库。

考虑双重非线性的梁-柱结构荷载-变形预测解析方法

既有梁-柱结构的服役荷载主要形式以轴力产生的偏压荷载以及垂直于梁柱结构轴线的服役荷载为主。目前,针对细长结构压弯耦合荷载导致的稳定性问题,主要采用2种方法进行结构分析,即特征值法和荷载-挠度法。由于实际桥梁构件存在一定的几何缺陷和材料刚度退化,采用忽略非线性的特征值法会高估承载能力。以任意截面形式组成的简支梁为例,基于Ritz法,并结合能量平衡条件,分别建立了考虑几何非线性和材料非线性的简支梁-柱结构在偏压荷载和多种竖向作用耦合作用下的第二类稳定解析分析模型,并建立了不同初始缺陷的变截约束混凝土柱有限元分析模型。研究结果表明:解析模型结果与有限元结果相比较,二者吻合良好。建立的解析模型可以精确考虑双重非线性的二阶效应。

光热驱动PS-PS@PDA偏心纳米马达的制备及运动性能研究

以聚苯乙烯(PS)纳米颗粒为模板,通过模板法制备了一种光热驱动聚苯乙烯-聚苯乙烯@聚多巴胺(PS-PS@PDA)偏心纳米马达,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对其形貌结构进行了表征,并评价了其光热性能和运动性能。结果表明,PS-PS@PDA偏心纳米马达由1个挤出的PS小球和1个核壳结构PS@PDA大球组成,直径分别为(134.7±12.4)nm和(229.3±6.5)nm;在近红外激光照射下,纳米马达表现出良好的光热转换性能和光热稳定性;随着激光功率密度的增加,纳米马达的扩散系数逐渐增大,当功率密度为2.0 W·cm^(-2)时,扩散系数达到15.57μm^(2)·s^(-1),比布朗运动的扩散系数提高了约32倍;此外,纳米马达在不同的生物介质中依然能够维持高效驱动。

某带钢拱的超限高层建筑结构设计

项目位于高烈度地区,存在扭转不规则、偏心布置、楼板不连续、尺寸突变和局部不规则。针对上述不规则项采取了专项分析,同时制定了合理的结构性能化目标,进行计算分析验证结构性能。裙房存在26m×41m的大跨空间,采取了钢拱结构形式,并通过参数化技术优化钢拱的几何形状,改善了结构受力,对于钢拱结构进行了弹塑性、舒适度、竖向地震、节点、稳定性施工模拟专项分析。同时比较了钢拱在增加拉索的方案中,可减少水平地震力引起的拱结构内力,但反应谱法无法考虑拉索受压索力退出工作的情况,其计算方法需进一步的研究,但类似工程可考虑时程分析计算结果后调整相关杆件的内力设计方法。

基于倾角检测仪的水平井定向桥射联作技术

在定向桥射联作施工中,当射孔枪泵送至井下水平段射孔位置后,利用现有技术手段无法检测射孔弹发射口的朝向。通过研制倾角检测仪和全集成定向射孔装置,将选发控制芯片和三轴加速度传感器集成于一体,设计控制电路实现分簇射孔的起爆控制,实时测量射孔弹的方向并上传至地面选发控制系统;当检测到射孔弹方向不正确时,拖动枪串重新泵送使弹架旋转并重新定向,如果射孔弹方向仍不正确,则起出工具串整改后再施工。该技术使得接头与弹架触点连接无需接线,缩短了施工时间,方向测量角度偏差≤2.00°。在F196-XP34井现场应用11段,成功率100%。该技术可应用于所有水平井定向桥射联作,尤其适用于套管外避光纤的射孔工艺,具有较大的推广应用价值。

轮毂电机驱动车轮不平衡电磁力分析

为分析电机齿槽形状、极对数和不同类型的偏心等因素对轮毂电机不平衡电磁力的影响,对表贴式外转子永磁同步轮毂电机建立有限元模型,基于电磁仿真,得到气隙处磁场密度图像。研究结果表明:电机齿槽的开口尺寸、齿槽的对称程度以及齿槽是否采用圆角均会影响不平衡电磁力数值;极对数的改变显著影响电机整体磁场密度的分布,随着极对数的增加,气隙磁场密度显著增大,不平衡电磁力呈类指数级增大且分布更均匀;不同类型的偏心均会导致电机不平衡电磁力的增加,其中在动偏心和混合偏心下不平衡力产生复杂谐波,其基波周期增大的倍数均与极对数呈现相关性。

薄鞘高包覆涤纶/棉包芯纱的结构控制及其工艺

为探究高包覆包芯纱的临界包覆率实现不露芯的包覆效果,采用低比例棉纤维包覆7.78 tex涤纶低弹丝制备出高包覆率包芯纱,且截面接近理想结构的涤纶/棉包芯纱,并进一步探讨外包棉纤维的临界比例,以及纱线结构与包覆率、棉与涤纶比例之间的关系。实验以5%为梯度不断减少外包棉纤维含量共纺制8组包芯纱,并通过数码显微系统表征纱线包覆率、截面结构等特点。结果表明:当外包棉纤维比例为53%时,包芯纱包覆率还保持在87.5%,此后包芯纱包覆率低于85%出现大面积露芯;随着外包棉纤维含量梯度化减少,包芯纱包覆率降幅呈三段变化,由开始的0.3%变化为4%,最后在52%的比例时降幅突增为9.4%。不同比例涤纶与棉纺制的包芯纱截面偏心度平均变化范围为8.8%~11.2%,实现了包芯纱结构的稳定控制。

对拉钢筋对管幕预筑结构偏压构件受力性能影响研究

为研究对拉钢筋的直径及布设位置对管幕预筑结构偏压性能的影响,设计3根设置对拉钢筋和3根不设置对拉钢筋的管幕预筑结构构件,并进行3种不同偏心距的室内加载试验,重点考察构件的破坏形态、荷载-挠度关系和极限承载力;建立与试验对应的数值模型,通过计算结果和试验结果的对比验证模型的可靠性,并得到构件极限承载力随对拉钢筋直径及布设位置的变化规律。研究表明:1)在管幕预筑结构偏压构件中设置对拉钢筋连接件能有效提高钢管幕的受力参与程度,增强钢板与混凝土的组合作用,从而提高构件的承载能力和变形能力。2)构件的极限承载力随对拉钢筋直径的增大而增大。3)对拉钢筋的布置位置对结构的强度及刚度影响较小,在小偏心受压条件下布置在构件变截面最大跨度、大偏心受压条件下布置在构件变截面与平截面交接处时,构件的极限承载力相对更佳。

半干式连接装配式开洞剪力墙抗震性能研究

提出了一种螺栓干式连接与后浇带相结合所形成的半干式连接装配式开洞组合剪力墙结构。通过建立同尺寸的现浇和装配式开洞组合剪力墙有限元模型,并对比分析二者数值模拟结果,验证了半干式连接方式的可行性和可靠性;进一步对采用此连接方式的装配式开洞组合剪力墙进行变参数模拟。通过对模拟结果分析发现洞口开洞率的增加会降低墙体整体性能,洞口偏心率、轴压比和高宽比对墙体承载性能、抗侧刚度和延性有明显影响,应控制洞口偏心率和高宽比不宜过大,轴压比应控制在适当范围。

螺杆钻具三卡瓦偏心打捞筒的研制及应用

钻井过程中螺杆钻具断落事故时有发生,对于螺杆钻具外筒壳体脱扣、转子断裂抽芯等事故形成的轻质“落鱼”,使用常规卡瓦打捞筒作业时的适用性不足、打捞成功率低。基于此,设计了螺杆钻具三卡瓦偏心打捞筒,通过打捞筒的锥形导向面驱动上卡瓦、中卡瓦和下卡瓦共轭环空收缩卡紧,实现对该类“落鱼”的有效打捞。三卡瓦的偏心排布结构设计,增加了有效夹持面积,提高了打捞筒对螺杆钻具的综合打捞力。结合打捞筒的工作原理,建立了卡瓦常规夹持力和挤压夹持力的计算公式,对比得出三卡瓦偏心打捞筒所需的卡瓦常规夹持应力可减少50.46%,捞牙咬深可减少13.92%。试制的打捞筒在施工现场进行了打捞实践,表明其结构设计合理,打捞性能可靠。