The Effect of Core Eccentricity on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Tall Buildings

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of core eccentricity on the structural behavior of concrete tall buildings.Concrete buildings of 55 floors with plan dimensions 48.0×48.0 m2 were investigated.Three cases of main core locations are studied:centric(A),eccentric by one sixth(B)and one third(C)of building width.The three-dimensional finite element method has been used in conducting structural analysis through ETABS software.Gravity and lateral(wind and seismic)loadings are applied to all building cases.It has been concluded that the core location is the prime parameter governing the structural behavior of tall buildings.Although the first two cases(A,B)have acceptable and similar structural behaviors conforming to code limits,in the third case(C),the building behavior came beyond code limits.The author introduced remedial action by adding two secondary cores in the opposite direction of the main core(C-R)to restore the building behavior to the code limits.The results of this action were satisfactory.

Discussion on Construction Technology and Welding Deformation of High-Rise Steel Frame Structure

Because of urbanization,land resources in China’s cities has become increasingly scarce.Therefore,modern buildings are becoming taller,making high-rise steel frame structures the new favorite of the construction industry.However,the construction of high-rise steel frame structures requires advanced technology.If the construction technology is effectively implemented and the welding techniques of the construction personnel align with the requirements for high-rise steel frame structures,it can help mitigate deformations in the steel structure,thus preserving the overall construction quality of high-rise steel frame structures.To enhance the applicability of steel frame structures in high-rise buildings,this paper focuses on analyzing the optimization path for the construction process of high-rise steel frame structures.It introduces a tailored approach to control welding-induced deformations in steel frame structures,aiming to make a valuable contribution to the advancement of China’s construction industry.

Numerical investigation of effect of eccentric decoupled charge structure on blasting-induced rock damage

Eccentric decoupling blasting is commonly used in underground excavation.Determination of perimeter hole parameters(such as the blasthole diameter,spacing,and burden)based on an eccentric charge structure is vital for achieving an excellent smooth blasting effect.In this paper,the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)model was employed to study rock mass damage under smooth blasting.Firstly,the parameters of the RHT model were calibrated by using the existing SHPB experiment,which were then verified by the existing blasting experiment results.Secondly,the influence of different charge structures on the blasting effect was investigated using the RHT model.The simulation results indicated that eccentric charge blasting has an obvious pressure eccentricity effect.Finally,to improve the blasting effect,the smooth blasting parameters were optimized based on an eccentric charge structure.The overbreak and underbreak phenomena were effectively controlled,and a good blasting effect was achieved with the optimized blasting parameters.

Vibration Control of a High-Rise Building Structure:Theory and Experiment

In this study,an innovative solution is developed for vibration suppression of the high-rise building.The infinite dimensional system model has been presented for describing high-rise building structures which have a large inertial load with the help of the Hamilton’s principle.On the basis of this system model and with the use of the Lyapunov’s direct method,a boundary controller is proposed and the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded in the time domain.Finally,by using the Smart Structure laboratory platform which is produced by Quancer,we conduct a set of experiments and find that the designed method is resultful.

Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

This paper presents the restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall and the equation of the horizontal top deflection based on a simplified outrigger model. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. One case study was carried out to analyze the horizontal top deflection and the mutation of the restraining moments caused by the variation of outrigger location. The results showed that the method adopted in the paper is simple and reasonable. Some conclusions are valuable to the safety design of high-rise building structures.

Experimental investigation of turbulent flows around high-rise structure foundations and implications on scour

Many studies have been undertaken to predict local scour around offshore high-rise structure foundations(HRSFs),which have been used in constructing the Donghai Wind Farm in China.However,there have been few works on the turbulent flow that drives the scour process.In this study,the characteristics of the turbulent flow fields around an HRSF were investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique.The mean flow,vorticity,and turbulence intensity were analyzed in detail.The relationship between the flow feature and scour development around an HRSF was elaborated.The results showed that the flow velocity increased to its maximum value near the third row of the pile group.The shear layer and wake vortices could not be fully developed downstream of the last row of the piles at small Reynolds numbers.The strong flow and turbulent fluctuation near the third piles explained the existence of a longtail scour pattern starting from the HRSF shoulders and a trapezoidal deposition region directly downstream of HRSF.This laboratory experiment gains insight into the mechanism of the turbulent flow around HRSFs and provides a rare dataset for numerical model verifications.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.

Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure:A data-driven computational approach

Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.

Numerical simulation of nozzle structure to improve eccentric mold electromagnetic stirring in a round bloom mold

A three-dimensional mathematical model coupling electromagnetic,flow,heat transfer,and solidification has been developed to investigate the effect of eccentric mold electromagnetic stirring(EM-EMS)on the flow and heat transfer of molten steel in round blooms with different cross sections.The uneven distribution of the flow field caused by EM-EMS was improved by changing the straight submerged entry nozzle(SEN)to a four-port SEN.The symmetry index was determined by the velocity distributions on the left and right sides of the center cross section of mold electromagnetic stirring(M-EMS),which quantitatively evaluated the symmetry of EM-EMS on the flow field.In the presence of EM-EMS,the maximum temperature difference ofϕ500 mm andϕ650 mm round blooms between the inner and outer curves amounted to 63 and 26 K,respectively.The maximum distinction between the solidified shells in the inner and outer curves was 11.5 and 5.3 mm,respectively.After using the four-port SEN,the temperature and the shell distribution on the inner and outer curves for theϕ500 mm round bloom were almost the same.The symmetry indices ofϕ500 mm andϕ650 mm round blooms were increased from 0.55 and 0.70 to 0.77 and 0.87,respectively.The four-port SEN can be used to mitigate the negative impact of EM-EMS on the steel flow field.

Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers

In this paper, the control performance is investigated of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) over torsional response of offshore platform structures excited by ground motions. Based on the equation of motion for the CTLCD-structure system, the optimal control parameters of CTLCD are given through some derivations on the supposition that the ground motion is a stochastic process. The influence of systematic parameters on the equivalent damping ratio of the structures is analyzed with purely torsional vibration and translational-torsional coupled vibration, respectively. The results show that the Circular Tuned Liquid Column Damper (CTLCD) is an effective torsional response control device.

Behavior of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns

The glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube is an effective material that can increase the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete.To study the mechanical behavior of this composite structure,twenty-one concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns were tested under an eccentric load.The principle influencing factors,such as the eccentricity ratio,concrete strength and ratio of longitudinal reinforcement were also studied.In addition,the course of deformation,failure mode,and failure mechanism were analyzed by observing the phenomena and summarizing the data.The test results indicated that the strength and deformation characteristics of core concrete increase as a result of the addition of the GFRP tube.However,the gain in strength due to the addition of the GFRP tube decreases as the ratio of e /d increases.An increase in the longitudinal steel ratio can improve the bearing capacity of the composite short column effectively.Furthermore,the study showed that the constraint effect of the GFRP tube on high-strength concrete is not as effective as that on common concrete.The reason is that the lateral deformation of the high-strength concrete is less than that of the common concrete when the concrete column was tested under the same axial compression ratio.

Torsional effect of space structure in frequent earthquakes

Taking a concrete frame supporting space structure as the research object,we systematically studied its lateral-torsion coupling effect of reverse problems in consistent earthquake excitation.Firstly,based on its reverse forms and features,we put forward a mechanical analysis model(flexibility layer model) and a calculation method using the response spectrum method and the weighted average method,and verified their validity and feasibility using case analysis.The result shows that the translation displacement change trend of the space structure is basically the same whether reverse exists in the supporting structure or not,but the supporting structure torsion has an effect on the displacement with a relative increase of 10%.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

大直径偏心型文丘里施肥器优化设计与试验

为改善现有大直径文丘里施肥器的吸肥性能,对其进行结构优化设计.基于大直径对称型文丘里施肥器(M型),对其改造设计为偏心型文丘里施肥器(P型).采用正交设计方法,应用数值模拟技术,以吸肥效率为评价指标确定P型文丘里施肥器最优结构参数组合,并对2种施肥器进行试验测试和数值模拟对比分析.结果表明最优结构参数组合为喉管进口直径17 mm、扩散角3°、喉管出口直径20 mm、喉管凹槽宽度4 mm、喉管直线段长度16.6 mm、喉管凹槽直径27 mm、收缩角23.5°.通过试验测试对比分析,经结构优化后的P型施肥器较M型施肥器的最大吸肥流量提高了21.4%;在进口压力为0.25 MPa时,最大吸肥浓度提升了约30.7%,最大吸肥效率提升了约13.9%.流场分析表明,相较于M型施肥器,在相同的压差条件下,P型施肥器更不容易产生空化,并且P型文丘里施肥器流态更加稳定,能量损失更小.可见优化后的偏心型文丘里施肥器能提高吸肥性能.

波纹钢-混凝土复合结构高温压弯性态研究

波纹钢-混凝土复合结构因其强度较高且施工高效已逐渐应用于隧道支护中,但波纹钢板由于无混凝土的保护,在高温下性能劣化严重。依托云南省普洱市高山寨隧道,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型进行数值模拟分析,研究波纹钢-混凝土复合结构在不同温度和不同偏心距正负弯矩作用下的多工况高温压弯性态。研究结果表明,随着温度的升高,波纹钢-混凝土复合结构中和轴逐渐上移,初始抗弯刚度和极限荷载逐渐下降;当温度>500℃时,结构性能降低幅度最大,宜将500℃作为结构重点关注温度。

考虑余震和耗能梁损伤的K-EBF结构抗震性能分析

针对构件失效会改变结构原有受力状态,同时建筑物可能会因余震的影响而产生严重破坏甚至倒塌的问题,研究了耗能梁构件损伤失效和余震对K形偏心支撑钢框架(K-EBF)结构抗震性能的影响。对12层和18层K-EBF结构算例以最大层间位移角为地震需求参数,峰值地震加速度(PGA)为地震动强度参数进行了增量动力分析、结构易损性分析和抗倒塌性能评估。结果表明:同时考虑余震以及耗能梁损伤失效与均不考虑相比,12层和18层结构在设防地震时的最大层间侧移角θ_(max)分别增大2.3%和8.4%,重度损伤失效概率分别增大0.6%和2.8%;罕遇地震时的θ_(max)分别增大21.0%和42.1%,重度损伤失效概率分别增大11.6%和19.4%;另外,12层和18层结构的最小抗倒塌储备系数分别下降了32.1%和31.2%;总体上,余震会加剧结构损伤累积,其对结构的影响程度会随地震动强度的变大而增加;在考虑耗能梁构件损伤失效后,结构不同极限状态下失效概率会进一步增大,造成结构的最小抗倒塌储备系数进一步下降;因此,在K-EBF结构抗震性能分析时应充分考虑余震和耗能梁损伤失效所造成的影响,以真实反映结构地震作用下的响应。将耗能梁的损伤失效和余震的影响同时纳入考虑范围可更全面地分析K-EBF结构的抗震性能,为抗震设计提供更可靠的依据。

钢框架-偏心支撑结构消能梁暗置侧向支撑设计

在钢框架-偏心支撑结构中,针对钢结构住宅等建筑中不能接受常规消能梁侧向支撑的情况,设计了一种在消能梁段端部的楼板内设置型钢连接件及暗梁组成的暗置侧向支撑。有限元模拟分析表明,在规范规定的消能梁段下翼缘侧向水平荷载的作用下,该消能梁暗置侧向支撑能显著减小消能梁的扭转变形和侧向弯曲变形;在考虑消能梁上局部楼板失效的情况下,暗置侧向支撑也能提供消能梁合适的扭转约束刚度。通过某工程的原位静荷载试验,验证了该暗置支撑对消能梁发挥的预期侧向支撑作用。

含裂纹反应堆支承结构偏心承载能力研究

针对偏心载荷下含裂纹反应堆支承结构的安全性评定和剩余承载力评估问题,本文开展了支承结构材料断裂力学性能试验。结合数值模拟和双参数失效评定法,探讨了不同裂纹长度和载荷偏心度对支承结构承载能力的影响。结果表明:裂纹长度和载荷偏心度对支承结构的剩余承载力均有显著影响,在进行含裂纹支承结构完整性评定时要考虑载荷的偏心特点,但不同裂纹长度下的双参数失效评定曲线有较为明显的区别,不同载荷偏心度下的评定曲线差别不大;轴向拉伸载荷下的剩余承载力与裂纹长度近似为线性相关,偏心拉伸载荷下具有一定非线性特征。研究成果为核动力系统生命力评估提供方法和数据库。