Environmental Sensitivity Index Mapping for Environmental Sustainable Cleanup along NAOC Pipeline, Asemoku, Delta State, Nigeria

During emergency response to oil spills incident accurate information is required in order to reduce the risk associated with oil spill disasters. This study focuses on Environmental Sensitivity mapping for sustainable environmental clean-up and contingency planning along the 3.0 km of AGIP pipeline at Asemoku in Delta State, Nigeria. Geographic information systems (GIS) techniques were used to create an Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) map in the study area. A 2018 Google Earth Satellite imagery of the study area was downloaded, and landuse/cover classification scheme comprising of Vegetation, Farmland, Water Body, Wetland, built up area and Bare Surface was adopted. Existing categorization, ranking and classification of the inland habitat were adopted and used to create a Landuse/cover Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) map, while the buffer zones of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 400 m were adopted. In the ArcGIS 10.8 environment, the landuse/cover map was generated and buffer distances of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 400 m were created on the landuse/cover map to ascertain the features that are vulnerable and could be at risk in the event of oil spill. This study established that the Natural Vegetation areas are the most vulnerable and sensitive feature as a result of their size along the created buffer zones. Findings from this study thus provide insight into the most sensitive land-use/land-cover, in the event of a spill or emergency oil spill clean-up response.

The Evaluation of Eco-environmental Sensitivity in Ordos City

This paper aims to reveal the difference of eco-environmental sensitivity and its influencing factors in the study area through carrying out the eco-environmental sensitivity evaluation based on land ecological security for 8 counties of Ordos City. Using fragstats landscape pattern analysis,GIS space method and RS analysis,based on ground investigation,this paper uses information mining and data analysis to extract index data for every village in the study area,carry out comprehensive quantitative evaluation,and finally calculate the comprehensive scores of eco-environmental sensitivity of the areas. The paper concludes that the highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern region of the eastern hilly and gully region and southern region of the Mu Us Desert in Ordos. The main reasons include severe soil erosion in hilly and gully region and serious desertification in southern Mu Us Desert area. So it is necessary to strengthen ecological environment protection in local areas.

Ranking environmental projects model based on multicriteria decision-making and the weight sensitivity analysis

With the fast growth of Chinese economic, more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects. How to select the environmental investment projects （alternatives） for obtaining the best environmental quality and economic benefits is an important problem for the decision makers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to rank a finite number of alternatives with several and sometimes conflicting criteria. A model for ranking the projects of municipal sewage treatment plants is proposed by using exports＇ information and the data of the real projects. And, the ranking result is given based on the PROMETHEE method. Furthermore, by means of the concept of the weight stability intervals （WSI）, the sensitivity of the ranking results to the size of criteria values and the change of weights value of criteria are discussed. The result shows that some criteria, such as “proportion of benefit to project cost”, will influence the ranking result of alternatives very strong while others not. The influence are not only from the value of criterion but also from the changing the weight of criterion. So, some criteria such as “proportion of benefit to project cost” are key critera for ranking the projects. Decision makers must be cautious to them.

Study on Environmental Sensitivity of Variety in Rice

According to sensitivity to environment, rice varieties can be classified into a strong environmentally sensitive variety, a weak environmentally sensitive variety and an environmentally insensitive variety. The general method that was used to evaluate the environmental sensitivity (ES) of rice variety was put forward in this paper. ESs of varieties were evaluated as follows:(1) ES of indica-japonica hybird rice was more sensitive than that of japonica rice. (2)The order of ESs of japonica type varieties was medium-maturing late japonica variety > early-maturing late japonica variety > late-maturing medium japonica variety > medium-maturing medium japonica variety. (3)There was a significant difference in ESs among varieties of the same japonica type rice, too. Some problems, such as the principles of rather late-maturing rice planted northward, were also discussed at the end of this paper.

A GIS-Based Evaluation of Environmental Sensitivity for an Urban Expressway in Shenzhen, China

Urban eco-environmental degradation is becoming inevitable due to the extensive urbanization, popula- tion growth, and socioeconomic development in China. One of the traffic arteries in Shenzhen is an urban expressway that is under construction and that runs across environmentally sensitive areas （ESAs）. The environmental pollution from urban expressways is critical, due to the characteristics of expressways such as high runoff coefficients, considerable contaminant accumulation, and complex pollutant ingredi- ents. ESAs are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and hence should be given special attention. In order to evaluate the environmental sensitivity along this urban expressway and minimize the influences of the ongoing road construction and future operation on the surrounding ecosystem, the environmental sensitivity of the relevant area was evaluated based on the application of a geographic information sys- tem （GIS）. A final ESA map was classified into four environmental sensitivity levels; this classification indicates that a large proportion of the expressway passes through areas of high sensitivity, representing 11.93 km or 52.3% of the total expressway, and more than 90% of the total expressway passes through ESAs. This study provides beneficial information for optimal layout schemes of initial rainfall runofftreatment facilities developed from low-impact development （LID） techniques in order to minimize the impact of polluted road runoff on the surrounding ecological environment.

Availability of Heat Conduction for Environmental Control Method to Improving Thermal Environment and Preventing Oversensitivity to Cold and Air-Conditioning Disease on Female Office Workers

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect localized heating of the feet has on physiological and psychological reactions of female in an air-conditioned environment in summer. In Japan, female office workers wear less clothing than their male counterparts. In an air-conditioned office space in summer, female conducts thermoregulation by putting on cardigans, etc. but this action does not greatly contribute to improving conditions for the legs and feet, the lower extremities of the body. The improvement of sensational and physiological temperature by localized warming of the body can contribute to a healthy working environment for female office workers, their safety, and a reduction in air conditioning’s energy expenditure. We used the indoor thermal environment evaluation index ETF to investigate the effect localized heating of the feet has on human physiological and psychological response in an air-conditioned environment in summer. The result of heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed more strongly as a psychological effect than as a whole-body physiological effect. Heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was a thermal environment factor that compensates for a low temperature in whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort. The effect of heating due to heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed in the change in sole-of- the-foot skin temperature. Applying slight heat conduction by means of heating via the sole of the foot demonstrated the result of improved whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort.

Eco-environmental Quality Evaluation of Manasi River Basin in Recent 30 Years

Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.

Plights and Outlet:Environmental Problem Analysis of Agricultural Eco-tourism

As agricultural eco-tourism development played a vital role in promoting rural economic and social development and constructing new harmonious countryside,the paper had analyzed environmental problem produced during its development,pointed out that blind development of agricultural eco-tourism had seriously destroyed resources and ecological environment and that tourist infrastructure construction and urbanization had ruined rural unique natural landscape.In view of current situation of environment,it also studied reasons causing environmental disruption,which lied in insufficient guidance and support of government,deficient scientific development planning and management system,and poor environmental consciousness of tourist operators and tourists.On this basis,it summarized that agricultural eco-tourism development should follow principles of sustainable development,synchronization between development and protection,and coordination between tourism development and environmental protection.It concluded proper ways to develop agricultural eco-tourism,and emphasized that it should draw up scientific and reasonable development planning,enhance government's macro-administration,establish and perfect ecological compensation mechanism,and strive to cultivate people's environmental awareness.

Study on Environmental Protection during Agricultural Eco-tourism Development in Guangzhou City——From the Perspective of Perfecting Environmental Responsibility System of Tourism Company

By taking Guangzhou City for example,a series of environmental problems brought by agricultural ecological tourism were analyzed from the perspective of environmental degradation caused by that tourism company failed to take environmental responsibility.Based on economic development and environmental protection,some suggestions on environmental protection were proposed from the perspective of perfecting environmental responsibility of tourism company in order to realize win-win of economic development and environmental protection.

Eco-sensitivity Analysis Methods in the Planning of Qinglong Mountain Scenic Area

By studying the Qinglong Mountain in southeastern suburb of Wuhan City, relevant information are obtained by applying GIS, weight of each index is acquired via Delphi method and AHP, then an evalution model is established for the assessment of comprehensive sensitivity, and finally eco-sensitive area of each level is determined to provide objective support for the ecological planning of Qinglong Mountain Scenic Area.

Ecological and environmental water demand of the lakes in the Haihe-Luanhe Basin of North China

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief concept of the ecological and environmental water demand of lake. The present situation and affecting factors of lake ecological system in the Haihe\|Luanhe Basin of North China was analyzed. The calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body and the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem, wetland and vegetation were compared and discussed. As the examples of Baiyangdian Lake and Beidagang Lake in Haihe\|Luanhe river basin, the ecological and environmental water demand of the two lakes was calculated to be 27×10\+8m\+3. It is 6.75 times to the water demand according to the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body. The research result indicated: (1) The calculating methods of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem should be better than only basis on the water body of lake. (2) The data, such as area of the vegetation kind around and in the lake, the vegetation coefficient, the evaporating amount of the vegetation and the vegetation water demand itself around and in the lake are lack and urgent need. Some suggestions for controlling and regulating the water resource of the lake in North China were proposed.

Landscape eco-environmental research on littoral zone in China

Littoral zone is a special land/ landscape type. As an important kind of land resource in support, the use of littoral zone is vital to eastern coastal areas in China. And the research on littoral zone relates to the key theory of landscape ecology. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the littoral zone was divided into four types: mud flat, sand beach, bench, and biological flat. The distribution of each type in China is pointed out. As a typical open system, littoral zone has six landscape ecological characteristics: (1) high sensitivity to disturbance; (2) distinct edge effect; (3) spatial aggregation of natural resources; (4) frequently spatial oscillation; (5) obviously spatial heterogeneity; and (6) noticeably spatial differentiation. Some proposals are also put forward on the land use and development of littoral zone for environmental protection and environmental management.

Quantitative Evaluation of Sustainable Development and Eco-Environmental Carrying Capacity in Water-Deficient Regions:A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin,China

Quantitative assessment of development sustainability could be a challenge to regional management and planning, especially for areas facing great risks of water shortage. Surface-water decline and groundwater over-pumping have caused serious environmental problems and limited economic development in many regions all around the world. In this paper, a framework for quantitatively evaluating development sustainability was established with water-related eco-environmental carrying capacity （EECC） as the core measure. As a case study, the developed approach was applied to data of the Haihe River Basin, China, during 1998 through 2007. The overall sustainable development degree （SDD） is determined to be 0.39, suggesting that this rate of development is not sustainable. Results of scenario analysis revealed that overshoot, or resource over- exploitation, of the Basin＇s EECC is about 20% for both population and economy. Based on conditions in the study area in 2007, in order to achieve sustainable development, i.e., SDD〉0.70 in this study, the EECC could support a population of 108 million and gross domestic product （GDP） of 2.72 trillion CNY. The newly developed approach in quantifying ecoenvironmental carrying capacity is anticipated to facilitate sustainable development oriented resource management in waterdeficient areas.

Eco-Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Pollution in Dexing Mining Area

An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree’, ‘geoaccumulation index’, and ‘biological absorption coefficient’ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le’an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future.

Land cover change and eco-environmental quality response of different geomorphic units on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Land cover in the Chinese Loess Plateau has undergone dramatic changes since the late 1980s.Revealing the trend in land cover change and eco-environmental quality response of different geomorphic units in this stage is a realistic requirement for promoting sustainable development of the Chinese Loess Plateau.Based on the data of geomorphic units and land cover in 1990,2000,2010 and 2018 of the Chinese Loess Plateau,we studied the trend of land cover change and eco-environmental quality response of different geomorphic units by using a significance index of land cover change,a proportion index of land cover change and an eco-environmental response model.The results indicated that from 1990 to 2018,the areas of forestland and construction land substantially increased,whereas those of cropland,grassland,wetland and unused land considerably decreased.Land cover change exhibited large geomorphic differences,and the main conversion of land cover was from cropland into other land types.Unstable trend of land cover change in the loess tablelands and sandy loess hills declined,whereas the unstable trends in the other geomorphic units enhanced.Eco-environmental quality varied among different geomorphic units.The expansion of construction land and degradation of forestland,grassland and wetland resulted in the deterioration of eco-environmental quality.The conversion of cropland and unused land into forestland and grassland,and the conversion of grassland into forestland were the main factors that drove the improvement of eco-environmental quality.The findings of this study may provide theoretical reference and support decision making for the optimization of land use structure and the improvement of eco-environmental quality on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Eco-environmental Risk Assessment on Port Area:Taking Yangpu Port Area for Example

The environment in port area is a regional environment including marine ecological environment,land bio-environment and interlaced zone environment between them.Taking Yangpu port area for example,based on analyzing changes of risk factors(such as hydrodynamic condition and pollutant emission increment) caused by port area construction,the risks of various risk factors to aquatic ecology,terrene ecology and mangrove wetland ecosystem were studied so as to provide evidence for the planning and construction of port area and the comprehensive management of marine environment and coastal zone.

Analysis on Ecological Sensitivity in Jinjie Mining Area Based on RS and GIS

[Objective] The aim was to study ecological sensitivity in Jinjie mining area. [Method] Taking Jinjie mining area as study object, based on RS and GIS technology, ecological sensitivity in Jinjie mining area was assessed comprehensively from the aspects of soil erosion, desertification and geological disaster by means of multivariate weighted stack method. [Result] Most of Jinjie mining area belonged to extremely high sensitive or high sensitive area which accounted for 73.35% of total area, with little moderate sensitive (19.50%), low sensitive (0.96%) and non-sensitive area (6.19%); the unreasonable development of mineral resources would damage its ecological environment severely. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the protection of ecological environment in mining area.

Historic Environment and Cultural Sensitivity： Ottoman Neighborhood in Macedonia

The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.

Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Stability Based on GIS in Tibet, China

By making an evaluation index system and using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to determine the evaluation factor's weights, this paper builds the valuation model ofEco-environmental stability of Tibet and uses the overlay function of raster-GIS (geographicinformation systems) to make a result map and finds the distribution characteristics ofEco-environmental stability of Tibet based on the analysis of result map. The study shows that theEco-environmental stability of Tibet is almost good andthe unstable region which is only 9. 78% ofthe total area of Tibet is distributed in the middle and low reaches of Yarlung river. To protectthe Eco-environmental of the unstable area from farther degenerating, the government should pay moreattention on the Eco-environmental construction work on this area.

Study on the Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Field Development on the Ecological Red Line Area

To cooperate with the five ministries and commissions of the state to carry out joint investigation on the environmentally sensitive areas involved in oil and gas exploration and development,for the problems found in survey,containing complex type and numerous amount of ecologically sensitive space and ecological red line involved in oil and gas field enterprises,scientific nature of delimitation,lack of strong support of laws and regulations for forced withdrawal of oil and gas production facilities in these areas,some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed,such as further evaluating and combing scope and functional zoning of existing environmentally sensitive areas and ecological red lines,treating differently,enhancing pertinence of prohibition in ecologically sensitive regions,declining blindness of the withdrawal of oil and gas facilities in environmentally sensitive areas,strengthening seriousness of approval of exploration and mining rights of oil and gas resources,and establishing strategic reserve exploration and hierarchical development mechanism. Moreover,oil and gas field enterprises should integrate more efforts to ① accelerate to find out the current situation of environmental quality,② adhere to developing in protection,and protecting in development,③ increase attention and participation strengthen of providing technical support for national oil and gas exploration and development strategy evaluation,④ accelerate communication and docking with local governments on the ecological red line,⑤ actively strive to be included in the positive list management of local governments,⑥ accelerate to establish and perfect primary database of oil and gas production and facilities construction,and ⑦ document management information system of the ecological red line.