Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

Aortic Dissection Research in China:Analysis of Studies Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Objective The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)has made great progress in promoting the development of aortic dissection research in recent years.This study aimed to examine the development and research status of aortic dissection research in China so as to provide references for future research.Methods The NSFC projects data from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System and other websites utilized as search engines.The publications and citations were retrieved by Google Scholar,and the impact factors were checked by the InCite Journal Citation Reports database.The investigator’s degree and department were identified from the institutional faculty profiles.Results A total of 250 grant funds totaling 124.3 million Yuan and resulting in 747 publications were analyzed.The funds in economically developed and densely populated areas were more than those in underdeveloped and sparsely populated areas.There was no significant difference in the amount of funding per grant between different departments’investigators.However,the funding output ratios of the grants for cardiologists were higher than those for basic science investigators.The amount of funding for clinical researchers and basic scientific researchers in aortic dissection was also similar.Clinical researchers were better in terms of the funding output ratio.Conclusion These results suggest that the medical and scientific research level of aortic dissection in China has been greatly improved.However,there are still some problems that urgently need to be solved,such as the unreasonable regional allocation of medical and scientific research resources,and the slow transition from basic science to clinical practice.

Impact of Forest Eco-compensation Subsidy on Household Forest Input:Evidence from Jiangxi Province,China

Larger amount of national and provincial forest eco-compensation funds in China have been distributed to farmers annually,which aims to encourage farmers input more labor and fund in daily forestry management.We selected 503 household from 50 villages of 10 counties in Jiangxi Province in the paper.Household labor and cash input responded negatively towards forest eco-compensation fund in forestry management.Forest eco-compensation subsidy(FECS)granted to the household in the rural mountain area didn't stimulate the household labor and cash input in forestry management.It implies that it is not a wise way to distribute FECS equally to the rural household,so as to promote the forestry ecological quality.The current forest eco-compensation policy(FECP)need modifying urgently.

Research on EU Rural Eco-compensation Policy,Taking Scotland Rural Priority Scheme as an Example

Taking Scotland Rural Priority Scheme as an example, experiences of EU rural eco-compensation policy were discussed to enlighten China. The implementing objectives and processing program of Scottish policy were respectively set forth,including 6 steps of statement of Intent, proposal, assessment, contract signing, claims and inspections, breaches and penalties.Therein 3 meaningful aspects for the construction of current compensation mechanism in China were as following: keeping consistency between national and local policies to establish close connection in eco-goal and funding subsidy, setting both improved assessment procedure and scientific compensation system to promote the lasting implementation of environmental-friendly measures, making correspondent check and monitor mechanism together with breach and penalty mechanism to secure the payment execution.

Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policy for grassland eco-compensation

To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.

Sri Lanka Gets Closer To IMF Funds After China Support

This October,International Monetary Fund(IMF)staff and the Sri Lankan authorities reached a stafflevel agreement on economic policies to conclude the first review of the 48-month Extended Fund Facility(EFF)-supported programme.Sri Lanka will have access to Special Drawing Right(SDR)254 million(about US$330 million)in financing once the review is approved by IMF Management and IMF Executive Board.

Making Sense of Anything thru Analytics: Employees Provident Fund (EPF)

Employees Provident Fund (EPF) has always been a hot topic, from the previous Government permitted “withdrawals” during the pandemic to the present Government disallowing further withdrawals (afraid it would lead to a financial crisis) and allowing emergency loans through an EPF collateral agreement. The latter used median studies to “contribute” MYR 500 to EPF members with less than RM 10,000 in their accounts. Baffled/bewildered by the current Government’s generosity and highlighted in this paper, I used Monte Carlo simulation, a method used by analysts when determining the size of a client’s portfolio to support their desired retirement lifestyle, to establish a reference-type table displaying ideal savings when reaching 50. The Government could use the table mentioned above to give more meaningful contributions to EPF members, apart from EPF active and inactive members, knowing where they stand concerning their current EPF savings.

Strategies for China’s Response to and Improvement of Third-Party Funding in International Investment Arbitration

China should prioritize the establishment and enhancement of a third-party funding system.It should actively refine the existing arbitration rules,addressing any loopholes in the current regulatory framework.Comprehensive measures should be implemented to regulate third-party funding,aligning with international trends.This is crucial not only to safeguard the foreign investment of the Chinese government and enterprises but also to position China as a globally influential arbitration center.

The Impact of Population Aging on the Expenditure of Medical Insurance Fund for Urban Workers in China

Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging,the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund,and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund,development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained.Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures.Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance,followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance.We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging.

Research on Accounting Issues of the Pension Insurance Fund for Urban Employees

Pension insurance is a vital component of China's social security system,ensuring the welfare of the general publie.This study centers on the revenue and expenses of City S's urban employee basic pension insurance fund.It introduces and analyzes the fund's accounting status from four key perspectives:fund raising.expenditure,financial statement system,and accounting information disclosure.The research identifes existing problems in City S's accounting system and conducts in-depth research on these issues.Furthermore,an empirical analysis is conducted on the management of the pension insurance fund.Through this empirical study,the paper aims to offer insights and recommendations for promoting stable and healthy development measures for City S'8 urban employee basic pension insurance fund.

临床试验对医保基金支出的影响研究——基于某肿瘤医院化疗组DRG的实证分析

目的 探讨临床试验对医保支付的客观影响,为DRG支付方式改革的持续推进提供参考。方法 搜集某肿瘤医院2022年3月15日—2023年3月14日出院的RE1化疗组资料,对超支付限额病例的现状进行描述,并对其影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 DRG病例10 971例,其中临床试验组病例占5.42%。临床试验组和非临床实验组超DRG支付限额占比分别为7.56%和25.26%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。logistic回归分析结果显示,患者进入临床试验,其超支付标准的风险程度降低89.2%,是否靶向治疗、是否静脉置管、住院日、是否免疫治疗、是否多学科会诊、性别依次是病例超支的风险因素。结论 临床试验有助于医院维持医保基金的结余平衡。医院要做好主动管理,为支付制度的完善打好基础。区分联合治疗将是化疗组DRG分组细化的方向。

医院科研投入的变化趋势及相关性分析

目的 探讨随着时间的推移,医院对科研的兴趣程度的变化趋势以及经费投入的情况,并分析相关性,为医院科研活动的规划和发展提供参考。方法 采用数据分析的方法,包括折线图、饼图和散点图等可视化工具,对潍坊医学院附属医院2018—2022年的科研活动数据进行分析和比较。结果 2018—2022年科研活动数据分析中,医院对科研的投入呈逐年增长趋势。2018—2022年,立项经费从(25.437±13.075)万元增长至(44.618±25.999)万元,而经费合计从(38.453±15.591)万元上升到(68.143±29.157)万元。在所有的经费分配中,校级项目占据了主导地位,其在总经费中的占比达到了52.6%。进一步的统计学分析显示,立项经费与经费合计之间的相关系数高达0.86,证实两者之间存在正相关性。结论 医院对科研的重视程度逐渐增加,从而导致科研项目的经费投入逐年增加,课题数量也逐年增加。校级项目在经费分配中占据了主导地位。立项经费与经费合计之间存在强正相关关系。因此,在制订经费预算时,需要考虑项目的研究内容和需求,以确保合理的经费分配。

残疾人托养照护筹资体系与政策的责任边界

托养照护是重度残疾人长期而迫切的现实需要。近年来,我国残疾人托养照护制度逐步建立,初步形成了财政投入为主、多项政策配合的筹资体系,重点保障了困难重度残疾人基本生活照护。现行政策与残疾人自主生活愿望和未来托付关切尚有较大差距,促进发展功能发挥不足,家庭自费和保险付费很少,服务系统处于松散配合的分割运行状态。从责任边界视角看,需要基于残疾人家庭照护能力、收入水平及需求层级,厘清各方职责与配合关系,强化保险和信托作用,建立以残疾人为主体、回应多层级目标的托养照护制度。

香港第三方资助仲裁制度及其对《仲裁法》修订的启示

香港《2017年仲裁及调解(第三方资助)(修订)条例》的颁布为第三方资助仲裁的合法化扫除了障碍,《第三方资助仲裁实务守则》则详细规定了出资第三方所需遵从的常规和标准。对于第三方资助仲裁,香港地区依循的是轻度规管的路线。从内容上来看,相关规定较为全面,更好地保护了受资助方的利益,保障了第三方资助仲裁的健康发展,有利于提高香港地区作为国际仲裁中心的竞争力。与此同时,立法者也为第三方资助仲裁的未来发展预留了充分的空间。这些都对中国内地具有借鉴与启示作用。鉴于已出现第三方资助仲裁的实践,在《仲裁法》的修订中应当借鉴香港地区分阶段规管的思路,在立法上明确承认其合法地位,日后通过司法解释和仲裁规则对其予以具体化和制度化。

2023年度日本政府地震调查研究的主要经费申请概算

根据日本地震防灾对策特别措施法,日本地震调查研究推进总部于2022年8月底,对日本政府各相关行政机构2023年度用于地震调查研究的主要经费申请概算,进行了汇总和调整并对外公布。2023年度,日本政府用于地震调查研究的相关经费总概算额为100亿日元,相比较2022年度的64亿日元,增长了56%,这些经费主要分配于文部科学省、经济产业省、国土交通省及总务省等下属部门,但经费并不包括日本公立行政法人等的运维补助费用。

高校发展型资助育人赋能乡村振兴:内在逻辑与实践路径

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,教育在国家事业建设中扮演着越发重要的基础工程角色。通过教育手段帮助贫困地区和贫困家庭摆脱贫困是落实习近平总书记关于教育扶贫重要论述的重要举措,高校需要积极参与发展型资助育人工作,为受助学生提供全方位的支持和帮助,提升资助工作的精准度,充分发挥物质保障的功能,注重培养学生诚实守信、感恩意识和自立自强,为受助学生提供丰富的实践平台,激发成长活力和成才动力,打破贫困家庭的教育障碍,为乡村振兴做出积极贡献。

中药材种业创新与金融投资——中药材种业发展基金的设立与思考

中药材种业是我国中医药现代化的基础性核心产业之一,具有产业规模小、行业效益较低、公益性强等特殊的行业属性。近10年来,中药材种业在品种选育、标准制定、合规企业建设等方面均取得显著成果,初步形成了中药材商品种子,但其产业发展水平仍落后于农作物种业30年以上。目前,我国以银行为主的金融体系难以为种业创新提供金融支持,为了加快推进中药材种业创新发展,推动解决其结构分散、市场集中度低、创新能力不足等问题,提出参考现代种业发展基金的模式设立中药材种业发展投资基金,以期发挥政策性基金的优势,重构我国中药材种业金融创新体系,赋能中药材种业发展。

不同回收和转移模式下再制造供应链生产决策研究

随着公众环保意识增强,许多制造企业出于社会形象和成本考虑选择将再制造业务转移给第三方企业。针对由原始设备制造商(OEM)和第三方再制造商(TPR)组成的再制造供应链,根据不同回收主体(OEM和TPR)和转移模式(外包和授权)构建4种再制造供应链决策模型,对比分析4种模式下最优生产决策、利润、环境影响、消费者剩余和政府基金政策影响。研究结果表明:OEM青睐制造商回收外包模式,TPR在不同研发效率下有不同偏好;在不同模式下,提升环境税或补贴均会不同程度提高产品可再制造性水平并激励再制造。但提高补贴不一定有利于环境,环境税过高不利于社会总福利,因此政府需要综合考虑各方利益设置适当的环境税和补贴。

外商直接投资对中国地方政府效率的影响研究

外资进入是影响中国地方政府效率的重要因素。基于2005-2019年24个省市区面板数据,使用DEA-Malmquist模型测算政府效率,运用固定效应模型和空间杜宾模型实证分析不同进入模式FDI对中国地方政府效率的影响。研究发现:独资型FDI显著促进了地方政府效率提升,而合资型FDI不显著;独资型FDI对地方政府效率具有正面空间溢出效应,而合资型FDI空间溢出效应不显著;异质性分析表明,在不同的产品市场和要素市场环境下两类FDI对地方政府效率的影响不同;门槛回归显示,当知识产权保护跨越门槛值时,两类FDI均对地方政府效率影响由负转正。文章澄清了不同进入模式FDI对中国地方政府效率的影响机理,对如何通过招商引资政策来提升地方政府效率提供了思路借鉴。