Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

Risk Management Techniques in Construction Projects:Development and Assessment of an Innovative

Professional and trade skills are required for handling the construction related projects;Construction industries of the present day however lack useful information concerning different practices,patterns and trends involved in risk management.Considering this,the present study focuses on the aforementioned variables of risk management by quantitative analysis specifically in the domain of construction industry.This study has used IBM’s SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences)version 25.0 to analyze the results.This study is an initiative to assess the impact of risk management in the construction sector of Jordan.It will assist the construction sector for exploring the limitations with respect to integrate effective risk management.A sense of competition will be developed through a comparison of risk factors of construction projects among the project stakeholders such as contractors should enhance their risk management practices.

Analysis of Claims in the Uganda Construction Industry

The increasing cost of infrastructure development risks stifling national investment plans.Many projects in Uganda have suffered because of the frequency and magnitude of claims made by parties involved especially the contractors.As a result,the construction industry is plagued with claims which quite often lead to adversarial relationships.The major grounds for claims were identified through studying the contract documents where claims had been made.Increase in scope;change orders;errors in contract documents;inclement weather;inflation;delay in possessing the site;and change in the tax policy were the most prevalent grounds for making claims.Problems identified in claiming process include delays in getting approval;information on claims not reliable;hostility from the parties involved;pricing of claims;delays in effecting payment when approved;and overzealous contract interpretation leading to misunderstanding and delays Using a survey on project managers for 64 contractors and their corresponding clients or their representatives,the major ways in which it can be reduced were identified as being thoroughness during the design phase;providing for inflation;proper planning of works;using prequalified contractors;and proper documentation of records.Clients have a big role to play in reducing claims.

Construction Monitoring and Analysis of Asymmetric Prestressed Concrete Bridge Crossing Multiple-Line Railways

Complex bridge structures designed and constructed by humans often necessitate extensive on-site execution,which carries inherent risks.Consequently,a variety of engineering practices are employed to monitor bridge construction.This paper presents a case study of a large-span prestressed concrete(PC)variable-section continuous girder bridge in China,proposing a feedback system for construction monitoring and establishing a finite element(FE)analysis model for the entire bridge.The alignment of the completed bridge adheres to the initial design expectations,with maximum displacement and pre-arch differences from the ideal state measuring 6.39 and 17.7 mm,respectively,which were less than the 20 mm limit required by the specification.Additionally,the stress monitoring showed that the maximum compressive stress was 10.44 MPa,which was 7.5%different from the finite element results,and better predicted the most unfavorable possible location.These results demonstrate that a scientifically rigorous construction monitoring and feedback system can ensure the safety of bridge construction and meet the expected construction standards.The findings presented in this paper provide valuable insights for bridge construction monitoring practices.

Predicting the Construction Quality of Projects by Using Hybrid Soft Computing Techniques

The construction phase of a project is a critical factor that significantly impacts its overall success.The construction environment is characterized by uncertainty and dynamism,involving nonlinear relationships among various factors that affect construction quality.This study utilized 987 construction inspection records from 1993 to 2022,obtained from the Taiwan residents Public Construction Management Information System(PCMIS),to determine the relationships between construction factors and quality.First,fuzzy logic was applied to calculate the weights of 499 defects,and 25 critical construction factors were selected based on these weight values.Next,a deep neural network was used to identify the relationship between the critical construction factors(input variables)and construction quality(output variable).Finally,the prediction model’s performance was evaluated to confirm the impact of these critical construction factors on project outcomes.This study employed an innovative hybrid soft computing technique,com-bining fuzzy logic and an artificial neural network,to effectively predict the relationship between critical construction factors and construction quality,achieving a model accuracy of 96.08%.Project managers can utilize the findings of this study to enhance project management practices and establish effective construction management strategies,thereby improving project construction quality.

Eco-economic research and construction of harmonious society in China:a survey of the 7^(th)Biennial Conference of Chinese Ecological Economics Society,2006

The 7th Biennial Conference of Chinese Ecological Economics Society (CEES) was held from 5th to 7th, Nov.2006 in Qingdao University. The paper summarizes the major viewpoint presented at the conference: eco-economicresearch and construction of a harmonious society in China. The conference put forward that it is an objectivity andinevitability for human being to enter the harmonious society, that eco-economics is one of the theoretical bases for theconstruction of the harmonious society, and that the research of eco-economics in China should reflect new contentsdeveloped in the process of modernization in China and make proper contributions to the construction of the harmonioussociety.

Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction

The construction of extraterrestrial bases has become a new goal in the active exploration of deep space.Among the construction techniques,in situ resource-based construction is one of the most promising because of its good sustainability and acceptable economic cost,triggering the development of various types of extraterrestrial construction materials.A comprehensive survey and comparison of materials from the perspective of performance was conducted to provide suggestions for material selection and optimization.Thirteen types of typical construction materials are discussed in terms of their reliability and applicability in extreme extraterrestrial environment.Mechanical,thermal and optical,and radiation-shielding properties are considered.The influencing factors and optimization methods for these properties are analyzed.From the perspective of material properties,the existing challenges lie in the comprehensive,long-term,and real characterization of regolith-based construction materials.Correspondingly,the suggested future directions include the application of high-throughput characterization methods,accelerated durability tests,and conducting extraterrestrial experiments.

Promoting grain production through high-standard farmland construction:Evidence in China

Food security is a strategic priority for a country’s economic development.In China,high-standard farmland construction(HSFC)is an important initiative to stabilize grain production and increase grain production capacity.Based on panel data from 31 sample provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2005–2017,this study explored the impact of HSFC on grain yield using the difference-in-differences(DID)method.The results showed that HSFC significantly increased total grain production,which is robust to various checks.HSFC increased grain yield through three potential mechanisms.First,it could increase the grain replanting index.Second,it could effectively reduce yield loss due to droughts and floods.Last,HSFC could strengthen the cultivated land by renovating the low-and medium-yielding fields.Heterogeneity analysis found that the HSFC farmland showed a significant increase in grain yield only in the main grain-producing areas and balanced areas.In addition,HSFC significantly increased the yields of rice,wheat,and maize while leading to a reduction in soybean yields.The findings suggest the government should continue to promote HSFC,improve construction standards,and strictly control the“non-agriculturalization”and“non-coordination”of farmland to increase grain production further.At the same time,market mechanisms should be used to incentivize soybean farming,improve returns and stabilize soybean yields.

A comprehensive review of lunar lava tube base construction and field research on a potential Earth test site

The Moon,as the closest celestial body to the Earth,plays a pivotal role in the progression of deep space exploration,and the establishment of research outposts on its surface represents a crucial step in this mission.Lunar lava tubes are special underground caves formed by volcanic eruptions and are considered as ideal natural shelters and scientific laboratories for lunar base construction.This paper begins with an in-depth overview of the geological origins,exploration history,and distribution locations of lunar lava tubes.Subsequently,it delves into the presentation of four distinctive advantages and typical concepts for constructing bases within lava tubes,summarizing the ground-based attempts made thus far in lunar lava tube base construction.Field studies conducted on a lava tube in Hainan revealed rock compositions similar to those found during the Apollo missions and clear lava tube structures,making it a promising analog site.Lastly,the challenges and opportunities encountered in the field of geotechnical engineering regarding the establishment of lunar lava tube bases are discussed,encompassing cave exploration technologies,in-situ testing methods,geomechanical properties under lunar extreme environments,base design and structural stability assessment,excavation and reinforcement techniques,and simulated Earth-based lava tube base.

Subsurface multi-physical characterization of mountain excavation and city construction in loess plateau with a fiber-optic sensing system

Mountain excavation and city construction(MECC)projects being launched in the Loess Plateau in China involve the creation of large-scale artificial land.Understanding the subsurface evolution characteristics of the artificial land is essential,yet challenging.Here,we use an improved fiber-optic monitoring system for its subsurface multi-physical characterization.The system enables us to gather spatiotemporal distribution of various parameters,including strata deformation,temperature,and moisture.Yan’an New District was selected as a case study to conduct refined in-situ monitoring through a 77 m-deep borehole and a 30 m-long trench.Findings reveal that the ground settlement involves both the deformation of the filling loess and the underlying intact loess.Notably,the filling loess exhibits a stronger creep capability compared to underlying intact loess.The deformation along the profile is unevenly distributed,with a positive correlation with soil moisture.Water accumulation has been observed at the interface between the filling loess and the underlying intact loess,leading to a significant deformation.Moreover,the temperature and moisture in the filling loess have reached a new equilibrium state,with their depths influenced by atmospheric conditions measuring at 31 m and 26 m,respectively.The refined investigation allows us to identify critical layers that matter the sustainable development of newly created urban areas,and provide improved insights into the evolution mechanisms of land creation.

Research Progress and Prospects of Total Factor Productivity in the Construction Industry

The high-quality development of the construction industry fundamentally stems from the significant improvement of total factor productivity.Therefore,it is of crucial significance for promoting the development of the construction industry to a higher level by scientifically and accurately measuring the total factor productivity of the construction industry and deeply analyzing the influencing factors behind it.Based on a comprehensive consideration of research methods and influencing factors,this paper systematically reviews the existing relevant literature on total factor productivity in the construction industry,aiming to reveal the current research development trend in this field and point out potential problems.This effort aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation and valuable reference for further in-depth research,and jointly promote the continuous progress and development of total factor productivity research in the construction industry.

Intelligent Sensing and Control of Road Construction Robot Scenes Based on Road Construction

Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.

Intensive construction technology for urban underground parking shaft

As urban construction continues to develop and automobile ownership rises,parking shortages in cities have become increasingly acute.Given the limited availability of land resources,conventional underground garages and parking buildings no longer suffice to meet the growing demand for parking spaces.To address this dilemma,underground parking shaft(UPS)has emerged as a highly regarded solution.This study provides an overview of the layout scheme,structural design approaches,and construction techniques for UPS,focusing on the characteristics of intensive construction demonstrated in the project located in the Jianye District of Nanjing.Compared to conventional vertical shaft garage construction methods,this assembly parking shaft offers advantages such as a smaller footprint,higher prefabrication rate,shorter construction period,and reduced environmental impact.It presents an efficient approach for the intensive construction of urban underground spaces,particularly in areas with limited land and complex environments,showing promising prospects for widespread application.

Construction Activity Analysis of Workers Based on Human Posture Estimation Information

Identifying workers’construction activities or behaviors can enable managers to better monitor labor efficiency and construction progress.However,current activity analysis methods for construction workers rely solely on manual observations and recordings,which consumes considerable time and has high labor costs.Researchers have focused on monitoring on-site construction activities of workers.However,when multiple workers are working together,current research cannot accu rately and automatically identify the construction activity.This research proposes a deep learning framework for the automated analysis of the construction activities of multiple workers.In this framework,multiple deep neural network models are designed and used to complete worker key point extraction,worker tracking,and worker construction activity analysis.The designed framework was tested at an actual construction site,and activity recognition for multiple workers was performed,indicating the feasibility of the framework for the automated monitoring of work efficiency.

Research on the method of construction disturbance zoning for shield tunnel approaching to urban structures

This paper presents a calculation method that evaluates the extent of disturbance based on structural safety limits.Additionally,it summarizes the assessment methods for construction disturbance zones in shield tunneling near pile foundations,urban ground structures,and underground structures.Furthermore,taking the construction of the Chengdu Jinxiu Tunnel under bridges and urban pipelines as the engineering background,a study on the disturbance zoning of adjacent structures was conducted.The most intense disturbance occurs within one week of the tunnel underpass process,and it has a significant impact within a range of two times the tunnel diameter along the tunnel axis.The bridge pile and bridge deck experience less disturbance from tunnel approaching construction,with a maximum disturbance zone characterized as medium disturbance.On the other hand,underground pipelines are subjected to more significant disturbances from tunnel construction,with a maximum disturbance zone classified as strong disturbance.The implementation of“bridge pile sleeve valve pipe grouting&underground pipeline ground grouting&tunnel advance grouting”in the field effectively limits the vertical settlement of bridges and pipelines,resulting in a decrease of approximately 0.1 in disturbance level for the structures.The disturbance zoning method can assess tunnel disturbance with structures,identify high-risk interference locations,and facilitate targeted design reinforcement solutions.

Application of Modern Construction Art in Landscape Architecture Planning and Design

The continuous progress of urbanization has driven the continuous development and innovation of landscape planning and design.Focused on the important design method of modern construction art,this study analyzed its concepts and characteristics,and made deep exploration to its application in landscape planning and design.The results indicated that modern construction art had a significant impact on landscape spatial planning and layout,spatial design forms,and spatial ornaments.The use of modern construction art concepts could make landscape design more scientific,artistic,and humane,creating higher quality leisure and entertainment venues for audiences.

Friction Characteristics Between Marine Clay and Construction Materials

Structure-soil interface friction characteristics is of importance to investigate the interaction between engineering structures and soils,especially for offshore structures.The interface friction behavior between marine clay and structural materials with different roughness was studied in this paper by using 3D optical scanning tests,a modified direct shear device and numerical simulation.Relationships between the surface roughness of structures,water content and interface friction angle were presented by model tests.The increase of water contents decreased the interface friction angles.For interfaces with different roughness,the interface friction angles will be smaller than that of the soil when the water content exceeds a certain value.The roughness of the interface and the water content of the soil are mutually coupled to influence the coefficient of friction(COF).This paper proposed a Finite Element Method(FEM)to simulate the interface direct shear tests of structures with different roughness.The surface models with different roughness are established based on the structure data obtained by 3D scanning.The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)approach was employed to analyse soils sheared by irregular surfaces.The interface behavior for interfaces with different roughness under cyclic shear stresses was analyzed by FEM.

Research progress on the adaptability of lunar regolith simulant-based composites and lunar base construction methods

The development and utilization of lunar resources are entering a critical stage.Immediate focus is needed on key technologies for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)and lunar base construction.This paper comparatively analyzes the basic characteristics of lunar regolith samples returned from Chang'e-5(CE-5),Apollo,and Luna missions,focusing on their physical,mechanical,mineral,chemical,and morphological parameters.Given the limited availability of lunar regolith,more than 50 lunar regolith simulants are summarized.The differences between lunar regolith and simulants concerning these parameters are discussed.To facilitate the construction of lunar bases,this article summarizes the advancements in research on construction materials derived from lunar regolith simulants.Based on statistical results,lunar regolith simulant-based composites are classified into 5 types by their strengthening and toughening mechanisms,and a comprehensive analysis of molding methods,preparation conditions,and mechanical properties is conducted.Furthermore,the potential lunar base construction forms are reviewed,and the adaptability of lunar regolith simulant-based composites and lunar base construction methods are proposed.The key demands of lunar bases constructed with lunar regolith-based composites are discussed,including energy demand,in-situ buildability,service performance,and structural availability.This progress contributes to providing essential material and methodological support for future lunar construction.

Work-Related Accidents on a Hospital Construction Site in Benin

Introduction: Work-related accidents are frequent and serious in the construction sector. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with occupational accidents on the construction site of a referral hospital in Benin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample size was calculated using the Schwartz form adjusted for the number of workers on site and was 129 workers. Random sampling was used. The dependent variable was work-related accidents. The other variables were socio-demographic and occupational characteristics. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Medians and proportions were calculated. An association was sought using Chi-square and Fisher tests with a threshold of p Results: A total of 132 workers were included. Their median age was 30 years with an ITQ of [27 - 38];men were the most represented 126 (95.45%) with a level of education higher than or equal to high school in 101 (76.52%) and in the majority with a permanent status 85 (64.39%). Seniority of more than 5 years was observed in 92 (69.7%). Workers working more than 8 hours of overtime per week numbered 57 (43.18%). Exposure to vibrating objects was 49 (37.12%). In terms of psychosocial constraints, 82.58% had high psychological demands;79.53% low decision-making latitude;50.76% low social support. The frequency of work-related accidents was 6.82%, and the only associated factor was the type of worker (p = 0.016). On the other hand, there were 10.2% accidents among workers handling vibrating objects versus 4.98% among those not using them. With regard to psychosocial constraints, the following frequencies were recorded respectively: 6.42% among those with high psychological demand versus 8.7% among those with low psychological demand;7.62% among those with low decision-making latitude versus 3.7% among those with high decision-making latitude;8.96% among those with low social support versus 4.62% among those with high support. Conclusion: Work-related accidents on construction sites must be avoided by all possible means including the management of psychosocial constraints.

“Instruction-Category” Approach of Test Suite Construction for Oven Embedded System

Being different from testing for popular GUI software, the “instruction-category” approach is proposed for testing embedded system. This approach is constructed by three steps including refining items, drawing instruction-brief and instruction-category, and constructing test suite. Consequently, this approach is adopted to test oven embedded system, and detail process is deeply discussed. As a result, the factual result indicates that the “instruction-category” approach can be effectively applied in embedded system testing as a black-box method for conformity testing.