Environmental effect of vegetation restoration on degraded ecosystem in low subtropical China

The environmental effect of degraded ecosystem's vegetation restoration in low subtropical China was studied. Results indicated that the vegetation recovery on degraded lands significantly ameliorates surrounding environment, increases species diversity, improves soil structure, raises soil fertility, enhances productivity, and promotes regional agricultural production and social economic development dramatically. Through the combining engineering and biological measures, the restoration of degraded ecosystem in low subtropical area is possible and economical. The restoration experience in Xiaoliang, Wuhua and other sites are valuable for other degraded subtropical area was introduced.

Evaluation of groundwater potential and eco-geological environment quality in Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province

Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province has become an important commodity grain base in our country after the construction of more than a century. Groundwater is the main water source for industrial and agricultural production and daily life in the area. With the large-scale development and construction in this area, there are a series of ecological and environmental geological problems, such as the reduction of groundwater resources, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of local agriculture and society as well as economy. Based on the characteristics of three-dimensional flowof groundwater in Sanjiang Plain, this paper adopts the simulation software Visual MODFLOW to evaluate groundwater exploitation potential. The results show that overall there is a certain exploitation potential of Sanjiang Plain groundwater but it is unevenly distributed, and overdraft phenomenon exists in seven farms such as Baoquanling and Chuangye. Based on analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation result of eco-geological environment quality in Sanjiang Plain shows that 94.5% of the region features good geological environment quality, medium stability and medium bearing capacity. The study can provide geological evidence for optimal allocation of water resources, land planning and regulation, and the high and stable yield of the commodity grain base in Sanjiang Plain.

Impact of coal resource development on eco-environment and its restoration in west of China

West China has rich mineral resources, especially in coal resources with very good mining conditions. Coal resource development is the one of important tasks in the Chinese “West Development”. Thus, the impact of coal resources development on eco-environment and its restoration is worth studying. This study shows that there are many environmental problems such as land damage, coal wastes, damage of hydro-geological condition and pollution of water resource, airborne effluents (industrial exhausts and methane emission from underground), dust, waste, water. Land damage and land desertification are the most important environmental issue in west China. Therefore, the stress of environmental restoration should be desert presentation and disturbed-land reclamation. To control environmental damages and rehabilitate the eco-environment, environmental restoration techniques are also discussed.

Eco-geological environment quality assessment based on multi-source data of the mining city in red soil hilly region, China

High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region,based on field survey and literature. The ecogeological environment quality(EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards,as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%;the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions.

Investigating the influence of street environment characteristics on perceived restoration benefits:A case study in Shenzhen

Nowadays,crowded environment and high-speed life pace are likely to bring mental stress and fatigue to citizens.How to apply achievements of the restorative environment into urban planning and environmental design has received more attention in recent years.Earlier research does not provide detailed information about the specific components of the physical environment that support restoration.This study explores which characteristics of the street environment and psychological factors of the street environment have an impact on subjective restoration.The streets were sampled from Shenzhen.Each street was represented by a single photo.The photo was quantified in terms of the different objective street components and also rated on psychological variables related to restoration.The rating on the psychological variables,being away,fascination,coherence,scope,the likelihood of restoration,and preference were provided by people of various ages and occupations.The results show that:1)the proportion of natural elements have the greatest impact on street restoration benefits and preference,and its impact is robust;2)the two characteristics of street safety and quiet are important to street restoration benefits and preferences;3)fascination and being away have a greater impact on restorative benefits of streets,followed by coherence,and the scope of the street has no significant effect on restorative benefits.The study could provide evidence for policy-makers and urban design and planning interventions.

Planning Method of Eco-environment Restoration Based on Enlarging Terrace and De-farming in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Yangou Catchment

After expatiating the guiding ideology,contents,standards and principles of eco-environment restoration based on enlarging terrace and de-farming,this paper discussed the planning method and technical flow of enlarging terrace and garden plot in a small catchment of loess hilly region by means of GIS spatial analysis technology,and then the planning method was applied in Yangou catchment.The result showed that it is practicabl,and the areas of newly-built terrace and garden plot in Yangou catchment are at least 295.06 and 4.61 hm2,so that the areas of basic farmland and garden plot reach 359.23 and 622.69 hm2.After the land use structure is regulated,the forest coverage is 48.87%,and the permanent vegetation coverage is about 75% in Yangou catchment,while sediment reduction benefit is above 80% in slope land.In agricultural development,Yangou catchment can yield 1 645.13 tons of food supplies,above 9 340 tons of apples,and can feed 7 500 sheep every year.

Eco-environment Restoration and Regional Differentiation Characteristics Based on “Building Terrace and Returning Slope Farmland to Forests and Grass”

Based on the scientific and technological achievements in the past decade in the Loess Hilly-gully Region and the successful demonstration experience in Yan'an Yangou watershed, we summarize the characteristics of eco-environment restoration pattern based on "building terrace and returning slope farmland to forests and grass". According to the data on land use, slope farmland and the agricultural population in 1999, we calculate the area of new terrace that needs to be built, the area of garden plot that needs to be extended, vegetation restoration area and investment demand in counties (cities, districts). Establishing and using some indicators, such as basic farmland extension indicator, garden plot extension indicator, vegetation restoration index and investment demand density, we conduct type classification and analysis of regional differentiation characteristics in 55 counties (cities, districts). The results show that in the Loess Hilly-gully Region, 691 600 hm2 of new terrace needs to be built, 792 000 hm2 of economic forests and orchards need to be extended, 5 410 200 hm2 of vegetation needs to be restored, and the total investment demand is 15.82 billion yuan; in terms of geographical distribution, obviously there are two key areas for eco-environment restoration (one is located in the border area between northern Shaanxi and northwestern Shanxi, and the other is located in the eastern Gansu and southern Ningxia area); the classified regional guidance policies should be formulated as soon as possible, and the limited funds should be concentrated in the key areas.

Numerical analysis on mechanical difference of sandstone under in-situ stress,pore pressure preserved environment at depth

Deep in-situ rock mechanics considers the influence of the in-situ environment on mechanical properties,differentiating it from traditional rock mechanics.To investigate the effect of in-situ stress,pore pressure preserved environment on the mechanical difference of sandstone,four tests are numerically modeled by COMSOL:conventional triaxial test,conventional pore pressure test,in-situ stress restoration and reconstruction test,and in-situ pore pressure-preserved test(not yet realized in the laboratory).The in-situ stress restoration parameter is introduced to characterize the recovery effect of in-situ stress on elastic modulus and heterogeneous distribution of sandstone at different depths.A random function and nonuniform pore pressure coefficient are employed to describe the non-uniform distribution of pore pressure in the in-situ environment.Numerical results are compared with existing experimental data to validate the models and calibrate the numerical parameters.By extracting mechanical parameters from numerical cores,the stress-strain curves of the four tests under different depths,in-situ stress and pore pressure are compared.The influence of non-uniform pore pressure coefficient and depth on the peak strength of sandstone is analyzed.The results show a strong linear relationship between the in-situ stress restoration parameter and depth,effectively characterizing the enhanced effect of stress restoration and reconstruction methods on the elastic modulus of conventional cores at different depths.The in-situ pore pressurepreserved test exhibits lower peak stress and peak strain compared to the other three tests,and sandstone subjected to non-uniform pore pressure is more prone to plastic damage and failure.Moreover,the influence of non-uniform pore pressure on peak strength gradually diminished with increasing depth.

Planting position and shade enhance native seedling performance in forest restoration for an endangered malagasy plant

The critically endangered tree Schizolaena tampoketsana is confined to a few diminished and degraded forest fragments on the Malagasy highlands. This habitat is vulnerable to loss due to frequent fires in the surrounding grassland that threaten to spread into the forest. One of these fragments is the focus a conservation project and here the managers aim to conserve S. tampoketsana by restoring its forest habitat to its former extent as evidenced by remnant woody plants. To inform this activity the survival and early-stage growth of seedlings of four locally native tree species were compared under contrasting conditions of proximity to the remaining forest and shade. After 12 months, seedlings of three species(Baronia taratana, Eugenia pluricymosa, Uapaca densifolia) survived better and experienced improved growth in height in grassland close to the existing forest rather than distant from it, and two survived better with shade rather than unshaded. A number of mechanisms could explain these results including reduced exposure to desiccating sunlight and winds and better soil and greater water availability close to the forest. The seedlings of one species(Nuxia capitata) survived well under all conditions. This study suggests that reforestation in these dry highlands is most feasible adjacent to remnant forest fragments and in microhabitats that minimize water loss, though young plants of some tree species may be capable of surviving in harsher conditions.

生态修复目标司法确认的类型化构造

生态环境修复目标决定了生态环境修复责任的配置程度。司法确认生态环境修复目标的实践中存在损害前状态和功能的适用不合理、可接受风险水平被基本弃用和具体指向笼统模糊等问题,其原因在于司法中恢复原状思维的影响难以消弭以及现实危害的规制被过度关注。司法应当将生态环境修复目标划分为基线水平、人体健康可接受风险水平和生态环境可接受风险水平,然后根据生态环境的特质确认适宜的修复目标。对于价值较高的生态环境应当将其修复到基线水平,对于价值特殊的生态环境,即便在经济不合理的情况下,也应当将其修复到基线水平。对于人类密切相关的受污染生态环境应当将其修复到人体健康可接受风险水平。当生态环境可接受风险水平较为宽松之时可以考虑将其作为修复目标进行适用。

中国史前“龙”形遗迹时空分异研究:以南京薛城遗址为例

以中华民族最重要的图腾“龙”为研究对象,通过南京薛城遗址2021年出土的“龙”形遗迹,论述基于多源空间数据进行“龙”形遗迹三维修复和建模的过程,为考古遗迹数字化保护提供一种定量方法。此外,对比分析中国四处典型“龙”形考古遗迹的材质、形态以及所在的地理环境等,探讨史前“龙”形遗迹面貌与地理环境的关系及演变规律,认为:辽宁阜新“龙”与早期农业阶段先民选择猪作为财富的象征有关;中原地区全新世适宜期的暖湿气候条件致使河南濮阳西水坡遗址和江苏南京薛城遗址的“龙”形象与鳄类似,材质均来自淡水资源;伴随着中原地区夏王朝影响规模的扩大,河南二里头遗址的“龙”形遗迹取材于陕西地区的绿松石,已经脱离了地理环境的束缚。

矿区生态环境调研评估与修复方案研究

以某矿区为例,对矿区水文环境、工程地质、基本设施等生态环境进行调研分析,结合调研结果预估矿山地质环境影响,分析矿区采矿活动对各类矿区地质环境因素所造成的影响。根据地质环境影响预测评估结果,实施矿区地质环境治理分区,介绍工程生态环境修复方案设计,为后续矿区生态环境修复方案设计,提供调研评估方法与修复设计方案参考。

公共健康视角下的恢复性环境实证研究综述

社会飞速发展,人类对健康生活的追求给予了环境新的价值和意义,环境的健康效益被深度挖掘。本文利用Citespace可视化分析工具,基于Web of Science数据库的346篇文献和中国知网166篇文献,从环境和需求两个角度梳理恢复性环境基础理论及概念,分类总结研究内容和研究热点,比较分析实证研究中的材料呈现、被试筛选及实验方法。最后,针对研究内容和实验流程进行深入探讨,挖掘恢复性环境研究的新内容,思考有关样本量有效性、前期施压程度及首位效应等实验中的关键问题,以期为后续恢复性环境的实证研究提供有力参考,作为循证设计与实践结合的科学指导。

基于恢复性环境感知的城市森林公园访客忠诚形成机制研究

现有的关于城市森林公园访客忠诚度的研究,多从忠诚形成的影响因素入手,但缺少对其形成过程的分析和解释。本研究选用湖南省植物园为案例地,通过问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,探讨基于恢复性环境感知的城市森林公园场景下的访客忠诚的形成机制和路径。结果表明:在恢复性环境感知和满意度的中介作用下,自然环境感知对访客忠诚的影响通过3条路径发挥作用:一是通过兼容性感知和满意度的链式中介作用,二是通过精神远离感知和满意度的链式中介作用,三是通过身体远离感知和满意度的链式中介作用。

野生动物相关生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用性分析

非法侵害野生动物资源不仅会造成野生动物资源自身的损害,还会引起野生动物生态功能退化等生态损害。司法实践中,野生动物相关生态环境损害往往不能得到全面救济。明晰行政索赔主体的职责,可以避免由于职责不清导致行使赔偿请求权时出现管辖范围不清、互相推诿的情况;认定损害赔偿范围综合考虑时间限度、空间限度、注重质量限度及多种主客观因素、区分野生动物生态环境修复费用和生态环境服务功能损失费用,可以最大限度地覆盖非法侵害野生动物资源造成的全部损害,实现野生动物维护生态系统平衡、保护物种、保持生物多样性、保存基因等多种生态功能丧失的完全赔偿;建立司法行政部门统一管理,司法鉴定、社会鉴定并存的多元化鉴定机制,能够统一鉴定标准、保证鉴定质量、维持鉴定秩序,科学合理地确定野生动物资源的生态损害价值;针对能够恢复生态功能的野生动物相关生态环境损害采用生态修复的责任方法,比单纯的金钱赔偿更有利于维持生物多样性、保护野生动物资源。

生态环境损害修复与补偿机制研究

生态环境权是神圣不可侵犯的人格权。生态修复是对受损的生态系统进行全面整治,需要完善环境区域生态损害协同治理制度,划定生态保护红线实施源头治理制度。区域生态环境协同治理的实质,是对人心的约束和对法律的调整。要构建完善的生态环境损害修复机制,就要构建生态环境部门履职责任清单机制,为生态环境修复目标的实现提供法律依据,始终坚持以生态修复为重心的修复责任理念,构建生态环境修复的法律责任体系。需要完善生态环境损害的补偿机制,生态保护补偿是调节环境损害、保护生态环境主体之间利益关系的制度安排。生态修复责任是救济生态环境损害的主要方式,必须建立流域多元化横向生态补偿长效机制,扩大流域生态补偿规模需要遵循生态补偿制度和规则。实施生态损害修复工程需要遵循生态系统的内在规律,把握生态修复的系统性、完整性和原真性内涵,不断提升生态修复和环境治理能力的现代化水平。

电动土工塑料排水板修复重金属污染高岭土试验研究

针对重金属锌和镉污染的低渗透性高岭土,采用电动土工塑料排水板(EKG)作为电极材料,通过自制模型试验装置研究了电动修复中电势梯度、通电时间、含水率对重金属去除率的影响,确定电动修复的最优试验条件。在最优试验条件下,开展了电极材料、电势梯度对不同种类重金属去除效果影响的试验研究。结果表明:随着修复时间的增长,阳极处重金属污染物逐渐减少,阴极处重金属污染物富集逐渐增加;试验条件相同情况下,重金属污染物Cd的除去率明显高于Zn;电势梯度越大,重金属Zn离子的去除率越高;电动土工塑料排水板作为电极的电动修复重金属污染土的效果要优于石墨电极。研究有助于揭示电动修复重金属污染土的效果和机理,为电动生态环境修复技术的应用提供技术支持。

新发展理念下湿地生态修复的困境和法治建构

推动湿地生态修复法治建设是增强湿地保护、提升湿地碳汇功能的重要制度保障。通过比较研究和实证研究等研究方法,分析我国湿地生态修复在实践探索中面临法治建设不足和科技手段受限的现实困境,探讨了新发展理念下我国湿地生态修复工作具有构建生态法治命运共同体、人权法治建设、个体权义相统一等价值内涵。在借鉴国外先进湿地生态修复经验的基础上,对以《湿地保护法》为主要法律依据的我国湿地生态修复提出建议:从顶层设计、科技支撑和兜底保障3个维度出发,逐一完善修复立法、加大技术创新、智慧司法及建立健全相关配套制度等举措。

矿山地质灾害治理及生态环境修复措施研究

在矿山资源开采过程中,强化对地质灾害治理与环境修复等工作的研究,以期减少矿山地质灾害的出现,减少相关的影响,实现生态环境和谐发展。

矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术研究

为实现人与自然和谐共处的目标,我国矿山开采企业应当意识到自身的角色定位,避免过度开发矿产资源,并且在作业期间实现对生态环境的恢复、治理,而这就对矿山开采企业提出了较高的要求。矿山开采企业应当立足于自身的实际情况,运用科学且合理的技术手段实现对地质环境的恢复、治理,这样才能实现可持续发展。但当前发展,部分矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术的应用还不够深入,使得该类技术无法充分发挥其价值。面对这种情况,矿山开采企业应当建立与时俱进的精神,不断加强对新技术的理解、学习以及应用。基于此,本文将以矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术为研究对象,对其相关内容展开进一步探讨,旨在提升我国矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复工程施工技术的应用水平,助力我国实现人与自然和谐共处的格局。