The effects of chemical spills on aquatic nontarget organisms were evaluated in this study.Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals,i.e.,ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA,Hudson Riv...The effects of chemical spills on aquatic nontarget organisms were evaluated in this study.Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals,i.e.,ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA,Hudson River Model of PCBs,and critical body residual(CBR)model and dynamic energy budget(DEBtox)model,this paper presents an uncoupled numerical ecotoxicological model.The transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model(including flow and sediment transport),and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model,separately.Due to extreme scarcity of data,this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a lake.Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.展开更多
Objective:To determine lead level primarily in Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus), and Culex gelidus(Cx.gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories,and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact ...Objective:To determine lead level primarily in Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus), and Culex gelidus(Cx.gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories,and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact of effluents from the firms.Methods:Third instars larvae were sampled by standard dipping method and lead concentrations in the larvae and their respective surrounding factory aquatic environments were determined through standard atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).Results:Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species followed by Cx.gelidus.The levels of lead were higher in the Cx.quinquefasciatus(1.08-47.47μg/g),than in the wastewaters surface(0.01-0.78 μg/mL) from the factories or closer areas around factories. Other species were not reaching the.criteria for lead determination.Conclusions:The Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae can bio-accumulate the metal and can potentially serve as a biomarker of lead contamination,to complemente conventional techniques.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the USDA Agriculture Research Service(No.58-6408-2-0062)the US State Department Agency for International Development(No.EE-G-00-02-00015-00)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.09ZCGYSF00400)National Key-Projects of Water Pollution Control and Prevention(2008ZX07209-001)the Commonweal Projects Specific for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Water Conservancy of China(No.200801135)the Open Fund of China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50479034).
文摘The effects of chemical spills on aquatic nontarget organisms were evaluated in this study.Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals,i.e.,ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA,Hudson River Model of PCBs,and critical body residual(CBR)model and dynamic energy budget(DEBtox)model,this paper presents an uncoupled numerical ecotoxicological model.The transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model(including flow and sediment transport),and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model,separately.Due to extreme scarcity of data,this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a lake.Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.
文摘Objective:To determine lead level primarily in Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus), and Culex gelidus(Cx.gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories,and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact of effluents from the firms.Methods:Third instars larvae were sampled by standard dipping method and lead concentrations in the larvae and their respective surrounding factory aquatic environments were determined through standard atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).Results:Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species followed by Cx.gelidus.The levels of lead were higher in the Cx.quinquefasciatus(1.08-47.47μg/g),than in the wastewaters surface(0.01-0.78 μg/mL) from the factories or closer areas around factories. Other species were not reaching the.criteria for lead determination.Conclusions:The Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae can bio-accumulate the metal and can potentially serve as a biomarker of lead contamination,to complemente conventional techniques.
