芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calc...芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calcaroides,表现为外稃顶端或是稃芒基部异形凸起,形成呈钩状不完全花器结构,属基部钩芒类型。突变体芒较短并伴随抽穗期推迟,株高、穗长和穗粒数显著降低等表型。遗传分析表明,突变体的芒型突变性状受单隐性基因cal-d控制。前期利用cal-d导入系BW106×Bowman的F_(2)群体,结合简化基因组测序(GBS,genotyping by sequencing)分析,将cal-d基因初步定位于3H染色体。进一步利用来自F_(2)的杂合单株,包括13000株单株的F_(2:3)群体进行精细定位,最终将cal-d基因定位于3H染色体153~329 Mb区间的近着丝粒区域。通过转录组混池测序分析结合大麦基因组和表达谱资源数据库,初步筛选了9个候选基因。本研究结果为大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的克隆与功能验证奠定了基础,对于解析麦类作物芒的遗传发育机制具有重要的意义。展开更多
Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping(CaL)process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.However,conventional calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))pellets suffe...Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping(CaL)process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.However,conventional calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))pellets suffer from slow reaction kinetics,poor stability,and low solar absorptance.Here,we successfully realized high power density and highly stable solar thermochemical energy storage/release by synergistically accelerating energy storage/release via binary sulfate and promoting cycle stability,mechanical strength,and solar absorptance via Al–Mn–Fe oxides.The energy storage density of proposed CaCO_(3)pellets is still as high as 1455 kJ kg^(-1)with only a slight decay rate of 4.91%over 100 cycles,which is higher than that of state-of-the-art pellets in the literature,in stark contrast to 69.9%of pure CaCO_(3)pellets over 35 cycles.Compared with pure CaCO_(3),the energy storage power density or decomposition rate is improved by 120%due to lower activation energy and promotion of Ca^(2+)diffusion by binary sulfate.The energy release or carbonation rate rises by 10%because of high O^(2-)transport ability of molten binary sulfate.Benefiting from fast energy storage/release rate and high solar absorptance,thermochemical energy storage efficiency is enhanced by more than 50%under direct solar irradiation.This work paves the way for application of direct solar thermochemical energy storage techniques via achieving fast energy storage/release rate,high energy density,good cyclic stability,and high solar absorptance simultaneously.展开更多
根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分.在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率(SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3))、淋失系数(SiO2/(MgO+K2O))、CaO...根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分.在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率(SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3))、淋失系数(SiO2/(MgO+K2O))、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息.初步研究结果表明:近9.0 cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0—7.5 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;7.5—5.8 cal ka BP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8—3.0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;3.0—1.0 cal ka BP期间,气候湿润;1.0—0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱.展开更多
通过东灰山遗址含文化层沉积物元素地球化学分析,结合高精度AMS^(14)C测年和考古资料,重建河西走廊地区3700~3400 cal BP期间人类活动特征。铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、锶(Sr)和铷(Rb)元素以及Rb/Sr比值显示,东灰山地区3710~3690 cal BP...通过东灰山遗址含文化层沉积物元素地球化学分析,结合高精度AMS^(14)C测年和考古资料,重建河西走廊地区3700~3400 cal BP期间人类活动特征。铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、锶(Sr)和铷(Rb)元素以及Rb/Sr比值显示,东灰山地区3710~3690 cal BP间人类活动强度不大,农业和青铜铸造活动主要出现在3690~3500 cal BP时段,3500 cal BP以后人类活动强度减弱。Rb/Sr比值可作为早期人类活动替代指标,与人类活动强度呈反相关关系。展开更多
文摘芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calcaroides,表现为外稃顶端或是稃芒基部异形凸起,形成呈钩状不完全花器结构,属基部钩芒类型。突变体芒较短并伴随抽穗期推迟,株高、穗长和穗粒数显著降低等表型。遗传分析表明,突变体的芒型突变性状受单隐性基因cal-d控制。前期利用cal-d导入系BW106×Bowman的F_(2)群体,结合简化基因组测序(GBS,genotyping by sequencing)分析,将cal-d基因初步定位于3H染色体。进一步利用来自F_(2)的杂合单株,包括13000株单株的F_(2:3)群体进行精细定位,最终将cal-d基因定位于3H染色体153~329 Mb区间的近着丝粒区域。通过转录组混池测序分析结合大麦基因组和表达谱资源数据库,初步筛选了9个候选基因。本研究结果为大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的克隆与功能验证奠定了基础,对于解析麦类作物芒的遗传发育机制具有重要的意义。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.51820105010 and 51888103]support from Jiangsu Province(No.BK20202008,BE2022024,BE2022602,BK20220001,BK20220009,and BK20220077).
文摘Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping(CaL)process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.However,conventional calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))pellets suffer from slow reaction kinetics,poor stability,and low solar absorptance.Here,we successfully realized high power density and highly stable solar thermochemical energy storage/release by synergistically accelerating energy storage/release via binary sulfate and promoting cycle stability,mechanical strength,and solar absorptance via Al–Mn–Fe oxides.The energy storage density of proposed CaCO_(3)pellets is still as high as 1455 kJ kg^(-1)with only a slight decay rate of 4.91%over 100 cycles,which is higher than that of state-of-the-art pellets in the literature,in stark contrast to 69.9%of pure CaCO_(3)pellets over 35 cycles.Compared with pure CaCO_(3),the energy storage power density or decomposition rate is improved by 120%due to lower activation energy and promotion of Ca^(2+)diffusion by binary sulfate.The energy release or carbonation rate rises by 10%because of high O^(2-)transport ability of molten binary sulfate.Benefiting from fast energy storage/release rate and high solar absorptance,thermochemical energy storage efficiency is enhanced by more than 50%under direct solar irradiation.This work paves the way for application of direct solar thermochemical energy storage techniques via achieving fast energy storage/release rate,high energy density,good cyclic stability,and high solar absorptance simultaneously.
文摘根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分.在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率(SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3))、淋失系数(SiO2/(MgO+K2O))、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息.初步研究结果表明:近9.0 cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0—7.5 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;7.5—5.8 cal ka BP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8—3.0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;3.0—1.0 cal ka BP期间,气候湿润;1.0—0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱.
文摘通过东灰山遗址含文化层沉积物元素地球化学分析,结合高精度AMS^(14)C测年和考古资料,重建河西走廊地区3700~3400 cal BP期间人类活动特征。铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、锶(Sr)和铷(Rb)元素以及Rb/Sr比值显示,东灰山地区3710~3690 cal BP间人类活动强度不大,农业和青铜铸造活动主要出现在3690~3500 cal BP时段,3500 cal BP以后人类活动强度减弱。Rb/Sr比值可作为早期人类活动替代指标,与人类活动强度呈反相关关系。
