Assessment on eco-environmental quality of the Yellow River Basin by considering desertification index

Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have paid limited attention to the indicator of desertification.It is of great significance to incorporate the desertification index into the spatiotemporal assessment of the EEQ in the YRB in order to protect the ecological environment in the region.In this study,based on multi-source remote sensing data from 91 cities in the YRB,this article proposes a desertification remote sensing ecological index(DRSEI)model,which builds upon the traditional Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model,to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the EEQ in the YRB from 2001 to 2021.Furthermore,using the geographic detector(GD),and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model,the study assesses the impact of human and natural factors on the EEQ in the YRB.The research findings indicate that:(1)Compared to the traditional RSEI,the improved DRSEI shows a decreasing trend in the evaluation results of the EEQ.Among the 24 cities,the change in DRSEI exceeds 0.05 compared to RSEI,accounting for 26.37%of the YRB.The remaining 67 cities have changes within a range of less than 0.05,accounting for 73.63%of the YRB.(2)The results of the GD for individual and interactive effects reveal that rainfall and elevation have significant individual and interactive effects on the EEQ.Furthermore,after the interaction with natural factors,the explanatory power of human factors gradually increases over time.The spatial heterogeneity results of GTWR demonstrate that rainfall has a strong direct positive impact on the EEQ,accounting for 98.90%of the influence,while temperature exhibits a more pronounced direct inhibitory effect,accounting for 76.92%of the influence.Human activities have a strong negative impact on the EEQ and a weak positive impact.

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Security of the Yellow River Basin and Its Adaptation Countermeasures

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is not only an important ecological barrier in north China,but also an important agricultural production base and energy base in China,playing a very important role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security.Under the combined actions of climate change and human activities,a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged in the YRB,including degradation of glaciers and frozen soil,shortage of water resources,land desertification,aggravated soil and water loss,frequent floods and droughts,and reducing biodiversity.Warmer and wetter climate over the upper reaches and warmer and drier one in the middle and lower reaches have profoundly affected the ecological security of the YRB.In the future,the temperature in the YRB will continue to rise,extreme events will increase and the climate pattern of drought and water shortage will not be changed fundamentally,which will make the basin face more severe ecological security risks.For the current ecological problems and future ecological security risk challenges,it is necessary and urgent to take adaptive measures to deal with climate change and protect the ecological environment.The measures mainly include:strengthening the scientific research on the impact of climate change and extreme events on the ecological environment of the YRB and improving the ability of climate change risk management;strengthening the water conservation and protection in the upper reaches,the management of desert and soil erosion in the middle reaches and the ecological protection of water resources and wetlands in the lower reaches in the YRB and;collaborating with multiple departments to jointly tackle the ecological security challenges brought by climate change.

Estimation of Ecological Compensation Standards in the Yellow River Basin

It is crucial to establish a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism for the Yellow River Basin.This study uses a calculating model to estimate the value of the total cost of ecological protection in the upstream.On this basis,an apportion model is used to reach the ecological compensation standard value of each province in the midstream and downstream.The results provide a scientific reference for the ecological compensation standards in the Yellow River Basin.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

A Study on Ecological Management for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan

Promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy that is planned and promoted by President Xi Jinping.As an important ecological formation in the Yellow River Basin and an important part of the“China Water Tower,”the Sichuan part of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in ecological management of the whole basin.Therefore,based on the present situation and the rich experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan,this study puts forward a feasible plan for long-term ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan.

Regional Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of the Guangxi Xijiang River Economic Belt in Southwest China with VSD Model

The interactive effects of natural and human factors on ecosystems have been well studied, and the quantitative assessment of large-scale ecological vulnerability caused by natural and human factors is now one of the most active topics in the ifeld. Taking the Guangxi Xijiang River Economic Belt in southwest China （GXEB） as a case study, we assess ecological vulnerability based on the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram （VSD） model. The indices system is decomposed into three sub objects, ten elements and 25 indicators layer by layer, which included factors from both natural and human ifelds. Results indicate that zones with lower, middle-lower, middle, middle-higher and higher vulnerability account for 11.31%, 22.63%, 27.60%, 24.39%, and 14.07%, respectively. The western and eastern parts of GXEB are more vulnerable than the central part and the mountain and urban areas are of higher vulnerability than the basins and river valleys. Compared with a vulnerability assessment based on natural factors only, it is concluded that human activities indeed cause the transition from naturally stable zones to vulnerable zones. The nature-dominated vulnerable zones are different with human-dominated ones in size and distribution, the latter being smaller, more scattered and distributed in urban areas and their surroundings. About 53%of total construction land is distributed in zones with middle and middle-higher ecological vulnerability;less vulnerable zones should attract construction in the future. Relevant suggestions are proposed on how to reduce vulnerability according to inducing factors. The VSD model has a signiifcant advantage in the quantitative evaluation of ecological vulnerability, but is insufficient to distinguish nature- or human-dominated vulnerability quantitatively.

Simulation and prediction of multi-scenario evolution of ecological space based on FLUS model: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Building the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)is one of China’s three national development policies in the new era.The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt must be protected not only for regional economic development but also for regional ecological security and ecological progress in this region.This paper takes the ecological space of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object,based on land use data in 2010 and 2015,and uses the FLUS model to simulate and predict the ecological space of the research area in 2035.The variation of the research area’s ecological space area and its four sub-zones has remarkable stability under diverse situations.Both the production space priority scenarios(S1)and living space priority scenarios(S2)saw a fall in ecological space area,with the former experiencing the highest reduction(a total reduction of 25,212 km^(2)).Under the ecological space priority scenarios(S3)and comprehensive space optimization scenario(S4),the ecological space area increased,and the ecological space area expanded even more under the former scenario(a total growth of 23,648 km^(2)).In Yunnan-Guizhou,the ecological space is relatively stable,with minimal signs of change.In Sichuan-Chongqing,the Sichuan Basin,Zoige Grassland,and Longmen Mountains were significant regions of area changes in ecological space.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the ecological space changes mainly occur in the Wuyi Mountains,Mufu Mountains,and Dabie Mountains,as well as the surrounding waters of Dongting Lake.The Yangtze River Delta’s changes were mainly observed in the eastern Dabie Mountains and Jianghuai Hills.

A holistic approach for evaluating ecological water allocation in the Yellow River Basin of China

The characteristics and sustainable management of water resources on a basin scale require that they should be managed using a holistic approach.In this study,a holistic methodology called the holistic approach in a basin scale(HABS)is proposed to determine the ecological water requirements of a whole basin.There are three principles in HABS.First,ecological water requirements in a basin scale indicate not only the coupling of hydrological and ecological systems,but also the exchange of matter and energy between each ecological type through all kinds of physical geography processes.Second,ecological water requirements can be divided into different types according to their functions,and water requirements of different types are compatible.Third,ecological water requirements are related to a multiple system including water quality,water quantity,and time and space,which interact with each other.The holistic approach in a basin scale was then used in the Yellow River Basin and it suggested that 265.0x108 m3 of water,45%of the total surface water resources,should be allocated to ecological systems,such as rivers,lakes,wetlands and cities,to sustain its function and health.The ecological water requirements of inside river systems and outside river systems were respectively 261.0×10^(8) and 3.65×10^(8)m^(3).

面向城市群的黄河流域生态脆弱性研究

黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障,其生态保护和高质量发展是重大国家战略,需要充分发挥城市群的引领作用。然而黄河流域上下游自然生态禀赋的差异和发展不平衡,以及各城市群之间协同合作不足,制约流域高质量发展。本文基于敏感-弹性-压力(SRP)模型和空间主成分法(SPCA)法构建黄河流域城市群生态脆弱性评价体系,对2020年山东半岛城市群、中原城市群、关中平原城市群、黄河“几”字弯都市圈和兰州-西宁城市群的生态脆弱性进行定量评估;同时基于层次聚类方法,对全域613个县域进行生态脆弱性区划,并探究人为活动对生态脆弱性的影响。结果表明:①2020年黄河流域城市群的生态脆弱性程度较高,平均值达到0.53,生态弹性是生态脆弱性的首要因子,权重为0.55。②在空间上,黄河流域城市群以中度脆弱区为主,面积占比为64.08%。③人为活动对生态脆弱性具有广泛影响,全域76.02%的县域表现出人为活动与生态脆弱性的显著相关性(P<0.05)。④研究确定了8种生态脆弱型,从空间分布来看,中东部农业敏感型地区的面积占比最大,为30.40%,而中心城区脆弱型和矿业脆弱型地区的面积占比最小,分别为0.37%和0.25%。研究显示,黄河流域各城市群的生态脆弱度不同,生态脆弱度最高的是山东半岛城市群和黄河“几”字弯都市圈,建议采取针对性的空间布局优化和生态修复措施,推进城市群的可持续发展。

黄河流域生态环境质量对气候变化的响应及其与水沙变化的关系

研究生态环境质量对气候变化的响应及其与水沙变化的关系,可为黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供科学依据。本文以2000—2022年MODIS数据产品、气温、降水、径流量和输沙量数据为基础,结合多元指标的遥感生态指数(RSEI),利用线性回归和相关分析方法,分析了黄河流域RSEI时空变化特征及其对气温、降水的响应,以及与径流量、输沙量的关系。结果表明:①2000—2022年黄河流域总体和上、中游地区RSEI呈上升趋势,下游地区呈下降趋势,其中中游地区增速最快,显著增加面积占比最大;②黄河流域RSEI与年平均气温、年降水量呈显著正相关的面积比例分别为17.29%、27.97%,集中在中部黄土高原区域;③黄河流域上游和中游地区年径流、年输沙量与RSEI均呈显著正相关,流域总体和下游地区RSEI与年径流量呈正相关,与输沙量呈负相关。气候变化背景下黄河流域生态环境质量总体呈改善趋势,生态环境质量变化与径流量、输沙量变化的内在关系仍需进一步研究。

绿色金融对黄河流域生态环境污染治理的影响研究

黄河流域是我国污染防治和乡村振兴的重点区域,绿色金融是推动黄河流域绿色经济转型和应对气候变化的重要手段。基于黄河流域69个地级市的面板数据,在测算绿色金融发展水平的基础上,构建双向固定效应模型与中介效应模型分析并实证检验绿色金融对黄河流域生态环境污染治理的影响机制及其传导路径。基准回归结果表明,绿色金融发展能够显著提升黄河流域生态环境污染治理水平;中介效应检验结果表明,绿色金融发展通过激励科技创新发挥了间接效应,显著增强了生态环境污染治理的技术含量和效果;异质性检验结果表明,绿色金融对黄河流域生态环境污染治理的影响存在显著区域异质性。基于以上结论,提出促进黄河流域绿色金融发展的政策建议。

黄河流域生态韧性与经济高质量发展协同演化规律研究

为探究黄河流域生态韧性与经济高质量发展协同关系及其演化规律,在生态韧性与经济高质量发展协同演化理论分析基础上,按照抵抗力、适应力、恢复力3个维度构建生态韧性评价指标体系,按照经济规模、经济效率、经济结构、经济持续性4个维度构建经济高质量发展能力评价指标体系,以2012—2022年为研究期、以黄河流域九省(区)为测算单元,采用熵权-TOPSIS法测度各省(区)逐年生态韧性、经济高质量发展能力,运用哈肯模型测算各省(区)逐年生态韧性与经济高质量发展协同水平。结果表明:1)黄河流域整体生态韧性在研究期高于经济高质量发展能力且呈现稳步上升趋势,经济高质量发展能力在2012—2019年稳步上升、在2020—2022年出现小幅波动;2)黄河流域生态韧性-经济高质量发展复合系统尚处于低级有序阶段,在二者协同演化过程中,经济高质量发展能力为序参量、主导协同发展演化的路径与方向并对生态韧性产生协同提升效应,而生态韧性对经济高质量发展有微弱抑制作用;3)黄河流域生态韧性与经济高质量发展协同水平在研究期呈现稳步上升趋势,在空间上呈现东高西低的格局,各省(区)协同水平在2018年以前差异较大、2018年以后差异缩小。

黄河流域城市生态韧性、社会网络及其影响因素分析

分析城市生态韧性的社会网络以及影响因素有助于促进区域绿色协同发展。选取黄河流域63个地级市2012—2021年相关数据,构建压力-状态-反应模型。采用CRITIC-TOPSIS、引力模型、多尺度地理加权回归模型分析黄河流域城市生态韧性、联动关系以及影响因素。结果表明:(1)黄河流域生态韧性总体在0.5左右波动,表现为“上游>下游>中游”,各流域年平均涨幅分别为0.41%、0.30%、0.40%。(2)黄河流域大致可分为7个主要城市网络(N_(1)~N_(7)),上、中、下游的流域聚集程度和城市关联程度依次不断升高。(3)考虑直接作用、调节作用以及替代效应的影响,产业结构高级化对城市网络N_(1)~N4的城市生态韧性提升作用更大,影响系数分别为0.4213、0.4210、0.5085、0.8883,而产业结构合理化更有利于提升城市网络N5~N_(7)的城市生态韧性,影响系数分别为0.8483、0.5669、0.8128。

基于STIRPAT模型的淮河生态经济带碳排放门槛效应研究

基于2010—2020年淮河生态经济带28个城市的面板数据,以STIRPAT模型为基础,构建以人均GDP为门槛变量的门槛效应模型,研究了产业结构和城镇化水平对碳排放总量的非线性影响。结果表明:产业结构和城镇化水平对碳排放总量的影响均由显著的负向作用转为正向作用,能源强度对碳排放具有正相关影响,而能源消费结构对碳排放具有负相关影响。为了有效降低碳排放总量,政府应根据城镇化发展的不同阶段及时调整产业结构,促进淮河生态经济带高质量发展。

中国首个跨省流域横向生态补偿政策的溢出效应

新安江流域作为中国首个跨省流域的横向生态补偿试点,其效果直接关系到未来流域间协同治理的政策设计。本文实证研究了新安江生态补偿政策对同省区内其他河流的水质状况所产生的溢出效应,并分析了相应的原因。研究发现,该政策实施之后,作为考核指标的高锰酸钾指数与氨氮在安徽省内淮河与长江河段的浓度同时得到了有效控制,但是作为非考核指标的溶解氧却没有发生相应的变化。通过对水质指标背后的经济活动分析发现,产生高锰酸钾指数与氨氮污染的工业废水排放量显著降低,并伴随安徽省内河流沿岸城市的工业企业全要素生产率(TFP)相对提高以及工业企业的产值的相对降低。相应地,安徽省内农业生产效率仍处于较低水平,从而导致溶解氧的表现相对较差。

健全长江经济带生态保护补偿机制路径研究

建立健全长江经济带生态保护补偿机制,不仅是促进区域绿色转型的必由之路,也是推进其生态治理体系与生态治理能力现代化转型的关键举措。通过梳理当前长江经济带生态保护补偿的实践成效,发现其生态保护补偿机制建设已取得初步成果,但仍存在一些亟待解决的问题,例如,生态补偿资金较少、补偿方式单一等。通过构建长江经济带生态保护补偿机制理论框架,深入剖析存在问题及其原因,从正确树立横向生态保护补偿治理观念、健全全流域的长效生态保护补偿机制等方面提出了完善路径,以期为长江经济带生态保护补偿制度建设提供参考。

数字经济背景下黄河流域城市经济高质量发展的空间分异与优化路径研究

基于空间计量全局模型和时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR),以2011—2019年黄河流域沿线94个地级及以上城市的面板数据为样本,测算其经济高质量发展水平。在数字经济、环境规制及空间交互视角下对黄河流域城市经济高质量发展的影响因素及空间效应进行分析,并对其发展路径进行探讨。研究结果表明:黄河流域城市经济高质量发展水平差异显著,数字经济、环境规制及其交互项对流域城市经济高质量发展均有显著的空间效应,且数字经济的空间效应较为明显。黄河流域应加快数字信息等新型基础设施建设,实现黄河流域跨区域信息共享、资源互通,全面提升资源配置效率;推动政府治理模式转型,健全完善数字环境治理系统;推动数字技术与实体经济深度融合,着力推进乡村振兴和区域协调发展;加快城市群和都市圈建设,充分发挥资源禀赋优势打造新的流域经济增长点,提高流域竞争力。

黄河流域甘肃段生态系统健康与经济发展耦合协调评价

为揭示黄河流域甘肃段生态系统健康与经济发展耦合协调关系及时空变迁规律,基于2011—2021年数据资料,构建生态系统健康与经济发展评价指标体系,运用熵值法、综合指数法和耦合协调度模型测度两者的耦合协调发展状况。结果表明:黄河流域甘肃段生态系统健康综合指数呈上升趋势,从0.28上升至0.36,年均增长2.55%,各市(州)生态系统健康综合指数均呈上升趋势,其中兰州最高而甘南最低;黄河流域甘肃段经济发展综合指数均呈上升趋势,从0.23上升至0.31,年均增长2.89%,各市(州)经济发展综合指数均呈上升趋势,其中兰州最高而临夏最低;黄河流域甘肃段耦合协调度总体经历严重失调、中级协调、良好协调和优质协调4个阶段,变迁态势趋好,而各市(州)耦合协调度差异较大。因此,从平衡现实中经济发展与生态保护的关系、夯实地方经济基础、加大生态环境治理资金投入力度和加大宣传力度、提高社会参与度4个方面提出政策建议,以期促进生态系统健康与经济协调发展。

基于遗传算法-PLUS模型的黄河流域景观生态脆弱性多情景模拟

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是党中央作出的重大战略决策,如何科学谋划、统筹构建黄河流域土地利用和生态系统新格局极具现实意义。从多情景下景观生态脆弱性预测这一较为新颖的研究视角切入研究,在分析黄河流域1995—2020年土地利用类型转移情况的基础上,针对流域自然发展、生态保护、经济发展、生态保护与经济发展兼顾的协调发展4种不同发展目标,耦合Genetic Algorithm(GA)优化算法与Patch-generating Land Use Simulation(PLUS)模型,对土地利用类型转移概率进行优化,进而模拟2030年土地利用格局、盐碱地和湿地空间分布;在土地利用模拟的基础上计算景观格局指数和景观生态脆弱度,据此分析黄河流域生态脆弱性演变特征。主要结论如下:(1)在2030年土地利用多情景模拟中,林地、草地和水域面积在四种情景下均有一定程度的增加,生态系统修复效果明显;协调发展情景下水域扩张程度最大,建设用地扩张率大幅低于自然发展和经济发展情景;(2)相较于2020年,2030年盐碱化程度增加,自然发展情景情况最为严峻;湿地生态系统修复效果明显,协调发展情景下恢复程度最大;(3)黄河流域2030年林地、草地、水域和建设用地破碎化程度减弱,耕地和未利用地则相反;流域整体景观破碎度较2020年有所降低,土地利用的丰富性和多样性提升;(4)相较于2020年,黄河流域2030年的景观生态脆弱性仍有加剧趋势。生态保护情景下恶化程度较缓,协调发展情景对于流域上游水系风蚀区的水土保持和中部平原地区生态平衡的效果十分显著。研究结果为黄河流域国土空间规划和生态保护治理提供了新的理论基础和实践证据。