The Theory of Soil and Water Ecology is the Common Theoretical Basis in the Field of Ecological Environment

From the perspective of system concept and practical needs,the field of ecological environment needs new theories that can grasp the whole and command the overall situation.Soil and water ecology is the holistic view of nature of seeing both macrocosm and microcosm,is the largest common divisor of various types of ecosystems on the earth and will effectively integrate all ecological processes related to human beings,animals and plants.Starting from the principle of soil and water ecology,the paper resolved that:①the essence of landscape,forest,field,lake,grass,sand and ice is soil and water ecology and;②the fundamental reason of the ecological and environmental crises of climate change,global warming and loss of biodiversity lies in the change and destruction of the earth’s soil and water ecology.The theory of soil and water ecology is a major scientific issue related to the fundamental and overall situation of the ecological environment,is the golden key to understand and solve contemporary ecological and environmental issues and is the common theoretical basis in the field of ecological environment.

Substantive Characteristics of Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Civilization Construction in China

Water and soil conservation is an important part of eco-civilization con-struction. It is a major part of eco-construction and lifeline of social and economy development. Therefore, water and soil conservation is of great significance in maintaining eco-safety. The research concluded status quo and characters of water and soil losses in China and analyzed water and soil conservation and construction of eco-civilization from the perspectives of water and soil conservation and con-struction of eco-civilization.

Position and Role of the Soil and Water Conservation in Building Ecological Province of Anhui

According to the strategic position of ecological environment in building ecological province of Anhui, we discussed the position and role of soil and water conservation in ecological environment construction and ecological province, and put forward development suggestion of soil and water conservation under new situation.

The Theory of Soil and Water Ecology is a Major Scientific Issue

The theory of soil and water ecology is an important scientific issue related to the fundamental and overall situation of ecological environment and has important strategic significance for the protection of the earth’s ecological environment.Applying the theory of soil and water ecology to soil and water conservation can upgrade soil and water conservation from version 1.0 to version 2.0 of soil and water ecological conservation and further expand the space of soil and water conservation.The paper suggests that while giving full play to the existing strength of soil and water conservation departments,it should establish national soil and water conservation commission for coordinating multi sector forces and vigorously promoting the realization of beautiful and rich China.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

Promoting the Construction of Beautiful and Rich China with the Theory of Soil and Water Ecology

Started from the problems and perplexities of ecological environment in China,the scientific principle and value of the theory of soil and water ecology are discussed. It is thought that the theory of soil and water ecology clarifies the complicated problems of ecological environment. Environmental pollution can be controlled,but it is only a matter of time and cost. Soil and water ecology is the root of ecological environment problems. The clean water and green mountain are destroyed,which cannot be restored. With the theory of soil and water ecology,the idea that clean water and green mountain are golden and silver mountains is read,as well as the way of turning clean water and green mountain into golden and silver mountains and its different impacts on eco-environment. The developed and underdeveloped areas should treat the idea that clean water and green mountain are golden and silver mountains. The application of the theory of soil and water ecology in soil and water conservation broadens the space of soil and water conservation,and it is necessary to establish a national commission for the conservation of soil and water ecology. The theory of soil and water ecology is the golden key to solve the problems of contemporary ecological environment and the theoretical basis for building a beautiful and rich China.

Research of Ecological Restoration of Jari Agricultural Demonstration Site in Ethiopia

In order to resolve the issue of soil erosion in East African plateau, a micro-landscape irrigation region was established in Ethiopia plateau to research status quo of agricultural demonstration site in Jari in Ethiopia and to analyze the relation between structure and function of inner elements in different landscapes of demonstration site. Furthermore, in accordance with ecology, silviculture, agriculture and economics, the ecological landscapes were classified as per landscape functions; lands returning from farming were classified and re-used; ecosystems of grassland, river, agriculture and courtyard were researched; the feasibility of ecological restoration and sustainable development in demonstration site was demonstrated; the model for rational irrigation and water conservation was proposed. The research guarantees sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry and provides references for undeveloped countries with similar problems.

Management of influence of using of fertilizers on soil quality:The case of nitrate pollutants

Contamination of soil and water contributes to the reduction of economic income, and also has an impact on economic development and management organizations and services. In order toavoid excessive use of nitrate fertilizers we maderesearch through systematic laboratory study of applying the basic chemical and physical analyzes of selected soil samples. In this research, we apply the method that was studied movement of nitrate solution in two soil types (sand and loess), since the impact of fertilizers on the environment depends on the soil types and its category. As the result, we got accurate functional dependences of sufficiently step height of soil and the concentration of nitrate ions and those can find a specific application in agriculture for these two types of soil, and may be sufficiently adequate substitution for the field investigations. The aim of the study was to investigate the most important negative environmental and economic consequences of the using of artificial fertilizers and to show that soil tests in the laboratory can be an adequate substitute for a field test because of economic savings. The comparative analysis of experimental and numerical results for nitrates leaching in different soil types were concluded.

环境中抗生素修复技术研究进展

抗生素在城市废水、畜禽养殖业和制药废水等来源中广泛存在,对环境产生严重污染。进入环境后,抗生素会影响微生物多样性、植物生长发育和人类健康,产生生态风险。主要综述了抗生素污染的来源、现状,生态风险,以及分别阐述水环境和土壤环境中抗生素处理的传统方法与新方法,并阐述其各类方法优势和劣势。

三峡工程建设及其运行调度对秭归库首地区气象及生态环境的影响

三峡工程作为世界上最大型水利工程自2003年蓄水至今已有20年,但其对局地气候、生态等的影响仍不清楚,评估其对库区生态环境、气象及水资源动态的影响是保证三峡工程安全平稳运行的重要基础。本文通过秭归典型区水土保持监测站长期观测结果,从地面常规气象、典型径流场监测及老鹰沟小流域监测探讨三峡工程建成及其运行调度对库首地区生态环境的影响。结果表明,三峡工程三次蓄水后扩大了水域面积及库容量,导致年极端最高气温、平均气温和年平均最高气温均先下降后上升,且三次蓄水后的第二年降雨量均有所增加,提高了最低气温及地面温度,在一定程度上提高了宜居性;农业工程措施如间作白三叶草、黄花菜植物篱笆可以有效降低坡耕地径流量及径流泥沙量,降低农田有机质和氮磷等养分流失,对于减少面源污染、维持土地生产力具有积极作用;由于农业生产排放,老鹰沟小流域氮素平均含量为16.45 mg/L,氮素超标严重,应进一步强化环境管理,保护三峡库区水环境健康。综上所述,三峡工程的建设及其运行调度降低了局地年度气温波动幅度,对当地气候具有长期影响,合理农业工程措施有助于降低水土流失,仍需进一步完善环保措施,维持三峡库区生态平衡。

全域土地综合整治区域生态基底调查研究

生态基底调查是科学评估全域土地综合整治项目区域生态环境状况的基础性工作,可精准掌握整治区域整体生态状况,科学指导规划设计与生态工程实施,有助于大都市郊野空间整体保护修复和综合治理。以上海市松江区泖港镇的全域土地综合整治试点项目为例,开展试点区域景观格局、生态系统生物要素和环境要素等生态基底状况研究,准确识别并诊断现存生态问题,并针对性提出生态修复措施。结果显示:试点区域整体生境连通性良好,但在水源涵养林等地区存在生态障碍点,且项目区生物多样性较低。通过优化调整用地布局、连通生态廊道、设置生态缓冲带、增种乡土植物等措施,可进一步提升生态系统服务功能,改善生境质量。本研究可为上海乃至全国郊野地区生态保护修复实践提供借鉴。

高海拔山区土地生态敏感性评价——以张家口市崇礼区为例

高海拔山区的生态环境相对脆弱,水土流失风险更高,但对相关地区的生态敏感性评价却十分少见。本文以河北省张家口市崇礼区为研究区域,选取水环境、地质环境和土壤环境三类重要生态因子,对其生态敏感性进行叠加分析,得到崇礼区土地生态敏感性评价结果,总结其分布规律从而提出相应的生态治理措施。分析结果表明,崇礼区土地可分为重度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和非敏感区。其中,以非敏感区为主,占比49.43%,主要分布在东北部和南部;轻度敏感区占比31.85%,与非敏感类型区交相分布,可适度进行土地建设;中度敏感类型面积较大,占比13.20%,主要分布在东北部的低山区、西部的沿河流地带以及中部的低山丘陵区,可对区域内存在的突出问题进行重点治理;重度敏感区面积占比5.52%,分布在西沟和中沟南部城镇周围,作为核心生态修复区域。本研究可为高海拔山区土地生态敏感性评价提供科学的研究方法,为国土空间规划生态修复相关研究提供科学依据。

基于GIS/RS的寻乌县水土流失敏感性评价

水土流失是导致河道阻塞、水土肥力降低、洪涝干旱灾害频繁发生的主要成因之一,不仅破坏大量耕地、恶化生态环境,还会导致贫困加剧。本文根据寻乌县的实际地理条件选取4个评价因子,并结合土壤侵蚀综合指数和AHP层次分析法确权,提出一种针对寻乌县水土流失敏感性的综合评价模型。评价模型分析结果表明:寻乌县绝大部分地区以微度和轻度水土流失敏感程度为主,极强烈和剧烈敏感程度的地区极少,其中水土流失敏感程度较高的地区主要分布在项山乡北部与南部、丹溪乡中北部、三标乡西部及寻乌县中南部水系沿岸等地,部分地区与人类活动区域存在重叠。

北京浅山区绿色空间及生态环境质量变化研究

北京浅山区作为首都重要的生态源地和生态屏障,承载着带动山区经济发展和城市可持续发展的任务。研究北京浅山区绿色空间结构,可为推动浅山区绿化建设提供参考,以改善浅山区生态环境质量。以北京浅山区为研究区,基于面向对象分类方法,提取北京浅山区2015—2021年的绿色空间,分析其分布和变化特征,并探讨绿色空间变化对水土流失的改善效果及对生态环境质量的影响。结果表明:北京浅山区2015—2021年绿色空间面积总体呈现增加趋势,面积增加了8.00%,共增加了30867.39 hm^(2);2015—2021年北京浅山区水土流失状况改善明显,绿色空间面积的增加对水土流失的改善具有较大贡献;2015—2021年北京浅山区绿色空间面积的增加使得2021年的浅山区生态环境质量总体呈现较好状态,生态环境质量评价等级为好的地区面积增加63877.19 hm^(2),2021年北京浅山区生态环境质量远远高于2015年。

太原市滨河自行车专用道工程水土流失防治对策

根据太原市滨河自行车专用道工程概况、项目区概况以及水土流失情况,分区提出了相应的水土保持防治对策,形成有效的水土流失防治体系,工程建设造成的景观破坏、水土流失得到有效治理,恢复和美化了项目区的生态环境,让市民在高楼林立的城市环境里面也能享受到如诗如画的美景。

水利水电工程水土保持生态修复技术应用

解决水利水电工程造成的环境破坏和水土流失问题,需要合理选择相应的水土保持生态修复技术。该技术的选择和应用不仅可以修复被破坏的环境,减少自然灾害发生的概率,还能降低工程建设的成本,从而保证其较高的经济效益。通过分析该技术应用的重要意义,详细阐述该技术的类型。结合实际水利水电工程建设的现状,提出了具体的应用策略,旨在进一步发挥该技术,保证水利水电工程的高效运行。

堤防加固工程施工中水土保持技术研究

水土保持技术是现代水利工程中的关键技术,在堤防加固工程中也有着不可替代的作用,它能够通过堤基防渗、堤身加固、建设护岸工程、营地防治和加强生态环境保护等方式来改善堤防环境和水土状态,有利于堤防工程绿色发展。基于此,主要对水土保持技术在该工程中的应用进行了探究,以期为提高堤防加固质量和水土保持水平提供参考。

矿山环境监测预警与生态修复技术

在当今的矿山环境保护工作中,环境监测预警和生态修复技术的合理应用至关重要。因此,本文通过对矿山环境监测预警及其生态修复中涉及的矿山生态环境问题、矿山环境监测预警策略、矿山生态修复技术策略等进行阐述分析,以期为现代矿山环境的合理监测及其生态修复提供一定参考,以此来进一步提升矿山生态环境保护效果。

废弃露天矿山生态环境污染修复技术分析

本文围绕废弃露天矿山生态环境污染修复技术进行了深入研究。通过对矿山废弃地的土壤、水体和植被等关键要素的分析,探讨了土壤修复、水体净化和植被恢复等核心修复技术的原理、应用及效果。同时,结合当前的技术发展和社会需求,提出了修复技术的实施策略和保障措施,包括综合规划、因地制宜、循序渐进、多元投入等方面。本文旨在为废弃露天矿山生态环境修复提供理论支持和实践指导,推动矿山生态环境的改善和可持续发展。

水利工程建设中水土保持工作的应用

水土资源对于人类的生存与进步至关重要,同时也是构成自然环境的核心要素。然而,由于人类的生产活动,水土流失问题持续出现,导致我国水土流失的形势依然严峻。这种现象对城乡基础设施、生态环境以及国民经济的持续发展均产生了负面影响。因此,本文以银川都市圈中线供水工程为例,从生态保护的角度出发,依据地方特色进行水土流失防治区域的划分,并深入探讨了水土流失的特性。进一步,我们为该项目量身定制了水土流失的防治措施,这不仅对防止工程扰动导致的水土流失、保护当地生态环境具有重大意义,而且为将来类似项目的规划与设计提供了有价值的参考。