Assessment on eco-environmental quality of the Yellow River Basin by considering desertification index

Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have paid limited attention to the indicator of desertification.It is of great significance to incorporate the desertification index into the spatiotemporal assessment of the EEQ in the YRB in order to protect the ecological environment in the region.In this study,based on multi-source remote sensing data from 91 cities in the YRB,this article proposes a desertification remote sensing ecological index(DRSEI)model,which builds upon the traditional Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model,to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the EEQ in the YRB from 2001 to 2021.Furthermore,using the geographic detector(GD),and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model,the study assesses the impact of human and natural factors on the EEQ in the YRB.The research findings indicate that:(1)Compared to the traditional RSEI,the improved DRSEI shows a decreasing trend in the evaluation results of the EEQ.Among the 24 cities,the change in DRSEI exceeds 0.05 compared to RSEI,accounting for 26.37%of the YRB.The remaining 67 cities have changes within a range of less than 0.05,accounting for 73.63%of the YRB.(2)The results of the GD for individual and interactive effects reveal that rainfall and elevation have significant individual and interactive effects on the EEQ.Furthermore,after the interaction with natural factors,the explanatory power of human factors gradually increases over time.The spatial heterogeneity results of GTWR demonstrate that rainfall has a strong direct positive impact on the EEQ,accounting for 98.90%of the influence,while temperature exhibits a more pronounced direct inhibitory effect,accounting for 76.92%of the influence.Human activities have a strong negative impact on the EEQ and a weak positive impact.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Security of the Yellow River Basin and Its Adaptation Countermeasures

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is not only an important ecological barrier in north China,but also an important agricultural production base and energy base in China,playing a very important role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security.Under the combined actions of climate change and human activities,a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged in the YRB,including degradation of glaciers and frozen soil,shortage of water resources,land desertification,aggravated soil and water loss,frequent floods and droughts,and reducing biodiversity.Warmer and wetter climate over the upper reaches and warmer and drier one in the middle and lower reaches have profoundly affected the ecological security of the YRB.In the future,the temperature in the YRB will continue to rise,extreme events will increase and the climate pattern of drought and water shortage will not be changed fundamentally,which will make the basin face more severe ecological security risks.For the current ecological problems and future ecological security risk challenges,it is necessary and urgent to take adaptive measures to deal with climate change and protect the ecological environment.The measures mainly include:strengthening the scientific research on the impact of climate change and extreme events on the ecological environment of the YRB and improving the ability of climate change risk management;strengthening the water conservation and protection in the upper reaches,the management of desert and soil erosion in the middle reaches and the ecological protection of water resources and wetlands in the lower reaches in the YRB and;collaborating with multiple departments to jointly tackle the ecological security challenges brought by climate change.

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

Estimation of Ecological Compensation Standards in the Yellow River Basin

It is crucial to establish a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism for the Yellow River Basin.This study uses a calculating model to estimate the value of the total cost of ecological protection in the upstream.On this basis,an apportion model is used to reach the ecological compensation standard value of each province in the midstream and downstream.The results provide a scientific reference for the ecological compensation standards in the Yellow River Basin.

Three Gorges Project:a project for ecological improvement and environmental protection in Yangtze River Basin

Seeking water and earning their livelihoods is the natural selection of human beings.Like other rivers on the earth,the Yangtze River is the birthplace of human civilization and survival.As an ecosystem,the Yangtze River Basin is evolving under the influences of natural factors and human activities.Because of soil erosion,pollution and human activities,the imbalance of secondary environment is exacerbated and the ecological environment has become more vulnerable,so it is urgent to mitigate and prevent the ecological crisis.The practice has proved that implementation of engineering measures is an effective way to improve the ecological environment.The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion m 3,effectively storing the flood water upstream of Yichang,and protects 15 million people and 1.5 million hm 2 farmland.Furthermore,the project can prevent or slow down the sedimentation and shrinkage of the lakes in the middle Yangtze River such as Dongting Lake;with an average annual power generation of about 90 billion kW· h,it can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful gas like CO 2.In general,the construction of TGP is conducive to the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin and China,even the world.

Study on the Characteristics and Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages in River Basins from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology: A Case Study on Sanggan River

With the continuous progress of the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the protection of famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages has received great attention from the state and society. With the continuous improvement of the level of economic development and the further advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the current historical and cultural environment and ecological environment are increasingly eroded and destroyed. From the perspective of cultural ecology, based on exploring the cultural ecological characteristics of Sanggan River Basin, this paper classified and analyzed the historical and cultural cities, towns and villages in the basin according to three levels: natural ecological elements, historical functions of towns and historical function forms of villages, and further explored their overall protection methods, hoping to provide some reference for the protection of other famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages in China.

A Study on Ecological Management for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan

Promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy that is planned and promoted by President Xi Jinping.As an important ecological formation in the Yellow River Basin and an important part of the“China Water Tower,”the Sichuan part of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in ecological management of the whole basin.Therefore,based on the present situation and the rich experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan,this study puts forward a feasible plan for long-term ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan.

Ecological Security Assessment of Red River Basin in Guangxi

[Objective] The study aimed at assessing the ecological security of Red River basin in Guangxi. [Method] Firstly, the ecological security assessment index system of Red River basin was established based on the framework of 'pressure-state-response' model, and index information of ecological security assessment was extracted by using RS and GIS technology; afterwards, the ecological security of Red River basin was divided into five grades according to ecological security index, and the distribution and characteristics of ecological security at various levels were analyzed; finally, the measures to maintain the ecological security of Red River basin were put forward on the basis of problems in ecological security. [Result] Most areas of Red River basin in Guangxi were in generally safe state, especially Lingyun County, Fengshan County, Du'an County, Dahua County, Shanglin County, Binyang County, Guiping City, etc., and the area accounted for 74.25% of total area; next came safer state (12.74%), the regions in the two states above were the most important environmental areas of Red River basin. The ecological security problems of Red River basin were mainly related to fragile ecological environment, lagging economic development, rapid population growth, excessive development and utilization of natural resources and so forth. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the rational development and utilization of land resources, protection and construction of ecological environment in Red River basin.

Geological and surfacial processes and major disaster effects in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin(YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity. Correspondingly, major disasters in the YRB are characterized by varied types,extensive distributions, and sudden occurrences. In addition, major disasters in the YRB usually evolve into disaster chains that cause severe consequences. Therefore, major disasters in the YRB destroy ecologies and environments and influence geological and ecological safety in the basin. This paper systematically reviews research on geological and surface processes, major disaster effects, and risk mitigation in the YRB, discusses the trends and challenges of relevant research, analyzes the key scientific problems that need to be solved, and suggests prospects for future research based on the earth system science concept. Themes of research that should be focused on include geological, surface and climatic processes in the YRB and their interlinking disaster gestation mechanisms;formation mechanisms and disaster chain evolutions of giant landslides in the upper reach of the YRB;mechanisms and disaster chain effects of loess water-soil disasters in the middle reach of the YRB;occurrence patterns and amplifying effects of giant flood chains in the lower reach of the YRB;and risk mitigations of major disasters in the YRB. Key scientific problems that need to be solved are as follows: how to reveal the geological, surface and climatic processes that are coupled and interlinked with gestation mechanisms of major disasters;how to clarify the mutual feedback effects between major disasters and ecology;and how to develop a human-environmental harmony-based integrated risk mitigation system for major disasters. Prospects for future studies that follow the earth system science concept include the following: highlighting interdisciplinary research to reveal the interlinked disaster gestation mechanisms of the geology, surface and climate in the YRB in the past, present, and future;forming theories to clarify the regional patterns, dynamic mechanisms, and mutual-feedback effects between disaster chains and ecology in the YRB on land and in rivers in the region;solving technological bottlenecks to develop assessment models and mitigation theories for integrated risks in the YRB by following the human-environment harmony concept;and finally, establishing a demonstratable application pattern characterized by "whole-basin coverage" and "zonal controls", thereby guaranteeing ecological and geological safety in the basin and providing scientific support for ecological conservation and high-quality development of the YRB.

A holistic approach for evaluating ecological water allocation in the Yellow River Basin of China

The characteristics and sustainable management of water resources on a basin scale require that they should be managed using a holistic approach.In this study,a holistic methodology called the holistic approach in a basin scale(HABS)is proposed to determine the ecological water requirements of a whole basin.There are three principles in HABS.First,ecological water requirements in a basin scale indicate not only the coupling of hydrological and ecological systems,but also the exchange of matter and energy between each ecological type through all kinds of physical geography processes.Second,ecological water requirements can be divided into different types according to their functions,and water requirements of different types are compatible.Third,ecological water requirements are related to a multiple system including water quality,water quantity,and time and space,which interact with each other.The holistic approach in a basin scale was then used in the Yellow River Basin and it suggested that 265.0x108 m3 of water,45%of the total surface water resources,should be allocated to ecological systems,such as rivers,lakes,wetlands and cities,to sustain its function and health.The ecological water requirements of inside river systems and outside river systems were respectively 261.0×10^(8) and 3.65×10^(8)m^(3).

沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调时空演变分析

为丰富黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究,并为沿黄城市经济发展提供对策建议,分别构建生态保护和高质量发展评价指标体系,以60个沿黄地级市为样本单元,采用熵值法对指标赋权并计算2010—2020年沿黄各市生态保护指数、高质量发展指数,采用耦合协调度模型计算生态保护与高质量发展耦合度、协调度并划分协调等级,计算相对发展度以判断生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型,分析沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调动态演变情况,结果表明:2010—2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展协调度大都稳中有升、少数城市呈下降趋势,2020年协调等级整体上还较低,尚有37个城市处于失调状态,生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调任重道远;从空间上看,沿黄城市生态保护和高质量发展协调度总体上呈现下游>中游>上游的格局,研究时段生态保护与高质量发展协调度平均值大小排序前十位的城市多为沿海城市或省会城市、后十位的城市多为各省(区)的边缘城市,地理位置、资源禀赋、政策扶持程度和经济发展模式等对耦合协调度有重要影响;2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型为生态保护滞后型的城市有31个、为均衡型的城市有5个、为生态保护领先型的城市有24个,表明沿黄城市生态保护整体上滞后于高质量发展。

黄河流域特色保护类村庄种群分布动态与生境选择

基于种群生态学理论,将黄河流域971个国家级特色保护类村庄视作一个地理种群。综合GIS空间分析和数理统计方法,明晰这一种群的分布动态和生境选择特征,进而应用地理探测器对比揭示影响该种群分布的生态因子。结果表明:(1)黄河流域特色保护类村庄的分布密度随种群增长而大幅提高,分布模式随尺度变大由显著聚集转为不显著离散,分布格局随时间推移由多中心向单中心演化,但集聚中心一直位于河谷盆地;(2)黄河流域特色保护类村庄具有“聚中低山区、向阳坡斜坡、喜温暖湿润、近黄河干流”的偏好,趋向中等人口密度、经济欠发达地区分布,主要位于国道沿线30 km、省道沿线10 km、中心城市周边20~80 km、历史城镇周边60 km、旅游景区和文保单位周边20 km范围内;(3)影响特色保护类村庄种群分布的生态因子具有综合性、非等价性和限定性,在黄河流域以文保单位和海拔为主导。

黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展研究

为推进中国式现代化建设,统筹黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,提升城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展水平,以黄河流域内的7个城市群为研究对象,构建新型城镇化与生态安全评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和相对发展模型,并结合时空演化过程分析了黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展格局,最后通过系统动力学模型模拟未来5年耦合协调发展趋势.结果表明,研究期内,黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,部分城市群出现轻度波动,耦合协调特征由失调、濒临协调转化为勉强协调、初级协调;最后通过预测未来5年黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展过程,推断城市群均处于显著提升状态,且逐步达到初级协调阶段.针对目前黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展存在的不足,提出了相应的对策建议.

黄河流域“水资源-生态保护-高质量发展”空间均衡性诊断

为促进黄河流域空间均衡发展,在测算黄河流域9个省区水资源可承载水平、经济社会发展水平以及生态保护水平的基础上,分析了各省区内部水资源、生态环境和经济社会3个子系统间的耦合协调发展水平,并分别以水与经济均衡、水与生态均衡、经济与生态均衡为子目标,构建了空间均衡性诊断模型,对黄河流域相邻“省区对”进行了空间均衡性诊断,反向追踪各“省区对”空间不均衡的原因。结果显示:除宁夏、甘肃外,黄河流域其他省区内部3个子系统间均已达到初级或中级协调发展阶段;黄河流域上游和下游的相邻“省区对”分别通过了均衡性判别;宁夏、甘肃、山西和内蒙古4个省区严重影响了省区间的均衡性,抑制了黄河流域整体的空间均衡发展。

黄河流域新型城镇化—生态安全—公共健康协调发展研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

探究黄河流域新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合机理,对于实现区域高质量发展、全面贯彻落实中国式现代化要求、维护国家生态安全和边疆安全具有重要意义。通过综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型分析位于黄河流域中上游的内蒙古自治区新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合发展水平及影响因素。研究结果表明:2005-2021年内蒙古新型城镇化、生态安全、公共健康各子系统发展水平均有所提升,空间分异明显。新型城镇化水平由2005年的0.26提升到2021年的0.69,生态安全水平由2005年的0.26提高到2021年的0.57,公共健康水平在2021年达到0.64;新型城镇化、生态安全与公共健康耦合协调水平呈现波动增长态势,由2005年的0.22上升到2021年的0.62,表现为呼和浩特市、包头市耦合协调水平较高,其余盟市较低的空间格局;城乡居民基本医疗保险参保、人均GDP、城镇人均可支配收入等是制约系统协调发展的主要障碍因素,年均障碍度分别为17.32%、8.74%、7.33%。基于研究结果提出促进内蒙古新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康协调发展的对策建议,旨在为实现区域高质量发展和推进中国式现代化建设提供支持和指导。

黄河流域水资源-生态-城市-产业协同演进研究

为考察黄河流域水资源-生态-城市-产业协同的动态演进及其地区差异和来源,基于2016—2020年黄河流域76个主要地级市数据,采用协同度模型、核密度估计和Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法进行实证测度。结果表明:处于初级、中级和良好协同的城市数量分别为30个、33个和13个。各城市协同度水平呈现上升趋势,但城市间绝对差异在扩大,相对差异在缩小;除呼包鄂榆城市群外,其他六大城市群协同度绝对差异均呈扩大趋势。黄河上游和下游内部差异呈下降趋势,中游内部差异呈上升趋势;上游和中游间差异最大,且呈现进一步扩大趋势,上游和下游间差异逐渐缩小。呼包鄂榆城市群群内差异最小,关中城市群群内差异最大;关中城市群与山东半岛城市群群间差异最小,晋中城市群与山东半岛城市群群间差异最大。未来应进一步加强要素协同、区域协同,发挥各地区动态比较优势,因地制宜推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略深入实施。

基于共享视角的黄河流域综合生态补偿机制

生态补偿机制是打破黄河流域零散化环境保护,应对流域生态环境变化,推动流域高质量发展的重要制度创新。该研究在共享视角下,利用微分博弈模型和最优控制理论,结合黄河流域生态保护具体情况与出台的相关支持政策,引入径流增加量和泥沙治理量两个环境保护衡量指标构建了黄河流域综合生态补偿机制的博弈模型,探讨在完全共享生态补偿机制、不完全共享无横向生态补偿机制以及不完全共享有横向生态补偿机制3类情形下的最优策略,并针对共享效益系数、生态补偿系数等展开了参数影响分析。结果显示:①完全共享生态补偿机制以及不完全共享有横向生态补偿机制均可以提高政府对生态保护的投入,完全共享生态补偿机制是最优机制,不完全共享有横向生态补偿机制更具有实践性和操作性。②区域政府的生态保护投入、环境改善效果以及流域整体的经济利益与生态保护成本系数负相关,与生态保护效果系数正相关,共享效益系数是各区域政府关于环境保护与经济发展博弈后的结果,实现合理的共享效益系数有利于加强长期跨界合作关系的稳定。③在预期收益对生态环境更加敏感的区域,开展综合生态补偿机制有利于形成生态环境改善与预期收益增加相互促进的良性循环。最后通过实证分析验证了结论的有效性,并从发挥中央政府统筹作用、健全流域信息共享机制以及均衡生态保护与经济发展关系3个方面为构建黄河流域综合生态补偿机制提出了对策建议,进一步推动了黄河流域的协同治理,完善了黄河流域生态补偿制度。

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调性及障碍度研究

为给黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的政策研究提供参考,以2006—2020年黄河流域九省(区)为研究对象,分别构建生态保护与高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法进行测度,并借助耦合协调模型和障碍度模型,探究生态保护与高质量发展2个系统之间的耦合协调关系及其障碍因子。结果表明:1)黄河流域九省(区)生态保护与高质量发展时序上发展态势良好,但各省(区)异质性明显;2)黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调度整体处于上升阶段,但水平仍较低,在时序上经历了濒临失调—勉强协调—基本协调的演变历程,在空间上呈现下游>中游>上游的分布格局;3)黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调关系主要受污染治理、生态建设和创新发展三重制约,且各省(区)的主要障碍因子存在差异。

农业生态效率的演变特征与空间收敛——基于黄河流域47个城市的实证

基于2000—2020年黄河流域47个地级市的面板数据,构建黄河流域农业生态效率的投入产出指标体系,运用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算各市的农业生态效率,结合GIS空间分析、Moran’s I指数、ML指数等方法分析农业生态效率的演变特征,并进行空间收敛性分析。结果表明:黄河流域农业生态效率水平整体偏低,但正处于由低水平迈向高水平的“爬坡”阶段,其中下游地区的效率增长最快;效率增长的主要来源为技术进步,流域内农业规模化水平仍有较大提升空间;在空间关联格局上,效率的空间依赖性不固定,但空间聚集性总体增强;黄河流域农业生态效率呈现显著的空间收敛特征,且工业化水平、农业经济发展水平、农业机械化密度、财政支农力度、农业市场化程度会促进效率的空间收敛。