Assessment on eco-environmental quality of the Yellow River Basin by considering desertification index

Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have paid limited attention to the indicator of desertification.It is of great significance to incorporate the desertification index into the spatiotemporal assessment of the EEQ in the YRB in order to protect the ecological environment in the region.In this study,based on multi-source remote sensing data from 91 cities in the YRB,this article proposes a desertification remote sensing ecological index(DRSEI)model,which builds upon the traditional Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model,to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the EEQ in the YRB from 2001 to 2021.Furthermore,using the geographic detector(GD),and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model,the study assesses the impact of human and natural factors on the EEQ in the YRB.The research findings indicate that:(1)Compared to the traditional RSEI,the improved DRSEI shows a decreasing trend in the evaluation results of the EEQ.Among the 24 cities,the change in DRSEI exceeds 0.05 compared to RSEI,accounting for 26.37%of the YRB.The remaining 67 cities have changes within a range of less than 0.05,accounting for 73.63%of the YRB.(2)The results of the GD for individual and interactive effects reveal that rainfall and elevation have significant individual and interactive effects on the EEQ.Furthermore,after the interaction with natural factors,the explanatory power of human factors gradually increases over time.The spatial heterogeneity results of GTWR demonstrate that rainfall has a strong direct positive impact on the EEQ,accounting for 98.90%of the influence,while temperature exhibits a more pronounced direct inhibitory effect,accounting for 76.92%of the influence.Human activities have a strong negative impact on the EEQ and a weak positive impact.

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Security of the Yellow River Basin and Its Adaptation Countermeasures

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is not only an important ecological barrier in north China,but also an important agricultural production base and energy base in China,playing a very important role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security.Under the combined actions of climate change and human activities,a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged in the YRB,including degradation of glaciers and frozen soil,shortage of water resources,land desertification,aggravated soil and water loss,frequent floods and droughts,and reducing biodiversity.Warmer and wetter climate over the upper reaches and warmer and drier one in the middle and lower reaches have profoundly affected the ecological security of the YRB.In the future,the temperature in the YRB will continue to rise,extreme events will increase and the climate pattern of drought and water shortage will not be changed fundamentally,which will make the basin face more severe ecological security risks.For the current ecological problems and future ecological security risk challenges,it is necessary and urgent to take adaptive measures to deal with climate change and protect the ecological environment.The measures mainly include:strengthening the scientific research on the impact of climate change and extreme events on the ecological environment of the YRB and improving the ability of climate change risk management;strengthening the water conservation and protection in the upper reaches,the management of desert and soil erosion in the middle reaches and the ecological protection of water resources and wetlands in the lower reaches in the YRB and;collaborating with multiple departments to jointly tackle the ecological security challenges brought by climate change.

Estimation of Ecological Compensation Standards in the Yellow River Basin

It is crucial to establish a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism for the Yellow River Basin.This study uses a calculating model to estimate the value of the total cost of ecological protection in the upstream.On this basis,an apportion model is used to reach the ecological compensation standard value of each province in the midstream and downstream.The results provide a scientific reference for the ecological compensation standards in the Yellow River Basin.

Three Gorges Project:a project for ecological improvement and environmental protection in Yangtze River Basin

Seeking water and earning their livelihoods is the natural selection of human beings.Like other rivers on the earth,the Yangtze River is the birthplace of human civilization and survival.As an ecosystem,the Yangtze River Basin is evolving under the influences of natural factors and human activities.Because of soil erosion,pollution and human activities,the imbalance of secondary environment is exacerbated and the ecological environment has become more vulnerable,so it is urgent to mitigate and prevent the ecological crisis.The practice has proved that implementation of engineering measures is an effective way to improve the ecological environment.The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion m 3,effectively storing the flood water upstream of Yichang,and protects 15 million people and 1.5 million hm 2 farmland.Furthermore,the project can prevent or slow down the sedimentation and shrinkage of the lakes in the middle Yangtze River such as Dongting Lake;with an average annual power generation of about 90 billion kW· h,it can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful gas like CO 2.In general,the construction of TGP is conducive to the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin and China,even the world.

A Study on Ecological Management for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan

Promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy that is planned and promoted by President Xi Jinping.As an important ecological formation in the Yellow River Basin and an important part of the“China Water Tower,”the Sichuan part of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in ecological management of the whole basin.Therefore,based on the present situation and the rich experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan,this study puts forward a feasible plan for long-term ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

Ecological Security Assessment of Red River Basin in Guangxi

[Objective] The study aimed at assessing the ecological security of Red River basin in Guangxi. [Method] Firstly, the ecological security assessment index system of Red River basin was established based on the framework of 'pressure-state-response' model, and index information of ecological security assessment was extracted by using RS and GIS technology; afterwards, the ecological security of Red River basin was divided into five grades according to ecological security index, and the distribution and characteristics of ecological security at various levels were analyzed; finally, the measures to maintain the ecological security of Red River basin were put forward on the basis of problems in ecological security. [Result] Most areas of Red River basin in Guangxi were in generally safe state, especially Lingyun County, Fengshan County, Du'an County, Dahua County, Shanglin County, Binyang County, Guiping City, etc., and the area accounted for 74.25% of total area; next came safer state (12.74%), the regions in the two states above were the most important environmental areas of Red River basin. The ecological security problems of Red River basin were mainly related to fragile ecological environment, lagging economic development, rapid population growth, excessive development and utilization of natural resources and so forth. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the rational development and utilization of land resources, protection and construction of ecological environment in Red River basin.

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

Study on the Characteristics and Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages in River Basins from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology: A Case Study on Sanggan River

With the continuous progress of the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the protection of famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages has received great attention from the state and society. With the continuous improvement of the level of economic development and the further advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the current historical and cultural environment and ecological environment are increasingly eroded and destroyed. From the perspective of cultural ecology, based on exploring the cultural ecological characteristics of Sanggan River Basin, this paper classified and analyzed the historical and cultural cities, towns and villages in the basin according to three levels: natural ecological elements, historical functions of towns and historical function forms of villages, and further explored their overall protection methods, hoping to provide some reference for the protection of other famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages in China.

A holistic approach for evaluating ecological water allocation in the Yellow River Basin of China

The characteristics and sustainable management of water resources on a basin scale require that they should be managed using a holistic approach.In this study,a holistic methodology called the holistic approach in a basin scale(HABS)is proposed to determine the ecological water requirements of a whole basin.There are three principles in HABS.First,ecological water requirements in a basin scale indicate not only the coupling of hydrological and ecological systems,but also the exchange of matter and energy between each ecological type through all kinds of physical geography processes.Second,ecological water requirements can be divided into different types according to their functions,and water requirements of different types are compatible.Third,ecological water requirements are related to a multiple system including water quality,water quantity,and time and space,which interact with each other.The holistic approach in a basin scale was then used in the Yellow River Basin and it suggested that 265.0x108 m3 of water,45%of the total surface water resources,should be allocated to ecological systems,such as rivers,lakes,wetlands and cities,to sustain its function and health.The ecological water requirements of inside river systems and outside river systems were respectively 261.0×10^(8) and 3.65×10^(8)m^(3).

基于InVEST和CA-Markov模型的黄河流域碳储量时空变化研究

区域土地利用/覆被变化是导致生态系统碳储量变化的主要原因,预测未来土地利用/覆盖变化及其对碳储量的影响对区域陆地生态系统的认识具有重要意义。本研究基于黄河流域2005—2018年土地利用/覆被变化规律,运用CA-Markov模型分别预测了生态保护情景(EVC)和自然变化情景(NVC)下的土地利用/覆被空间格局,采用修正后的碳密度,运用InVEST模型评估黄河流域2005—2030年6期碳储量。结果表明:2005—2018年黄河流域林地、水域和建设用地面积持续增加,耕地、草地和未利用土地面积减少,13 a间全流域碳储量减少28.734×10^(6)t。与自然变化情景相比,在生态保护情景下2030年草地和耕地相比2018年减少幅度较小,建设用地规模扩大得到了限制,产生了生态效应。2030年,自然变化情景和生态保护情景下的碳储量较2018年分别减少258.863×10^(6)t和30.813×10^(6)t,生态保护情景下土地利用覆被格局固碳能力高于自然变化情景,该研究可为黄河流域土地利用结构调整和土地利用管理决策提供科学依据。

基于InVEST-Biodiversity模型的闽江流域生境质量变化评价

基于InVEST模型的Biodiversity模块,测定闽江流域的生物多样性生态服务功能,运用模型结果中的生境质量指数和生境稀缺度指数评估闽江流域生态环境质量,对区域生态环境保护具有参考价值。经模型运算得到:2000年、2005年、2010年闽江流域生境质量指数得分分别为27.90、27.82、27.79,10年间下降了0.39%,2005—2010年期间较2000—2005年期间下降速率降低了62.50%;台江、鼓楼、仓山、长乐地区是生境质量较低的地域,其生境质量指数得分10年间均值为0.15、0.23、0.33、0.53;道路、居住地、工业用地、采矿场4种地类对闽江流域生态环境的干扰是生境质量变化的主要驱动因素;森林地类生境稀缺度指数下降了89.80%,生境质量指数10年间均值为0.99,占地面积增加了0.09%。研究表明,10年间闽江流域整体生境质量处于良好水平,且保持稳定。

面向城市群的黄河流域生态脆弱性研究

黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障,其生态保护和高质量发展是重大国家战略,需要充分发挥城市群的引领作用。然而黄河流域上下游自然生态禀赋的差异和发展不平衡,以及各城市群之间协同合作不足,制约流域高质量发展。本文基于敏感-弹性-压力(SRP)模型和空间主成分法(SPCA)法构建黄河流域城市群生态脆弱性评价体系,对2020年山东半岛城市群、中原城市群、关中平原城市群、黄河“几”字弯都市圈和兰州-西宁城市群的生态脆弱性进行定量评估;同时基于层次聚类方法,对全域613个县域进行生态脆弱性区划,并探究人为活动对生态脆弱性的影响。结果表明:①2020年黄河流域城市群的生态脆弱性程度较高,平均值达到0.53,生态弹性是生态脆弱性的首要因子,权重为0.55。②在空间上,黄河流域城市群以中度脆弱区为主,面积占比为64.08%。③人为活动对生态脆弱性具有广泛影响,全域76.02%的县域表现出人为活动与生态脆弱性的显著相关性(P<0.05)。④研究确定了8种生态脆弱型,从空间分布来看,中东部农业敏感型地区的面积占比最大,为30.40%,而中心城区脆弱型和矿业脆弱型地区的面积占比最小,分别为0.37%和0.25%。研究显示,黄河流域各城市群的生态脆弱度不同,生态脆弱度最高的是山东半岛城市群和黄河“几”字弯都市圈,建议采取针对性的空间布局优化和生态修复措施,推进城市群的可持续发展。

黄河流域城市生态韧性、社会网络及其影响因素分析

分析城市生态韧性的社会网络以及影响因素有助于促进区域绿色协同发展。选取黄河流域63个地级市2012—2021年相关数据,构建压力-状态-反应模型。采用CRITIC-TOPSIS、引力模型、多尺度地理加权回归模型分析黄河流域城市生态韧性、联动关系以及影响因素。结果表明:(1)黄河流域生态韧性总体在0.5左右波动,表现为“上游>下游>中游”,各流域年平均涨幅分别为0.41%、0.30%、0.40%。(2)黄河流域大致可分为7个主要城市网络(N_(1)~N_(7)),上、中、下游的流域聚集程度和城市关联程度依次不断升高。(3)考虑直接作用、调节作用以及替代效应的影响,产业结构高级化对城市网络N_(1)~N4的城市生态韧性提升作用更大,影响系数分别为0.4213、0.4210、0.5085、0.8883,而产业结构合理化更有利于提升城市网络N5~N_(7)的城市生态韧性,影响系数分别为0.8483、0.5669、0.8128。

竞合视角下黄河流域城市群旅游竞争力提升分析

黄河流域旅游高质量发展需要在城市群旅游差异化协同发展中寻求出路,文章从旅游竞合视角构建竞争力评价指标,计算黄河流域城市群旅游生态位,进而开展竞争力评价及空间格局分析。针对竞合现状,黄河流域城市群应做到多群互动,强化核心城市辐射力度,深入落实国家级战略,协作讲好新时代黄河故事,进一步创新驱动产业结构升级,构建城市群旅游内驱力,共同助力构建黄河生态带,推动区域旅游竞争力的提升。

生态保护修复工程的技术创新研究

针对德州市面临的水土流失、矿山生态破坏和黄河沿岸生态系统脆弱等主要生态问题,本文分析了利用黄河泥沙进行矿区生态修复的可行性和技术路径。研究了黄河泥沙与矿区生态环境协同治理的关键技术。结果表明,应用该技术进行采煤沉陷地复垦可显著改善土壤结构,提高土地复垦率和农作物产量。案例研究显示,复垦后的土地土壤含水量提高39%,养分含量增加43%,坡面侵蚀系数降低55%,小麦和玉米产量分别提升21.9%和17.54%。这一创新技术为黄河流域生态保护和矿区修复的协同推进提供了新的思路和技术支持。

黄河流域物流业生态效率测度与组态提升路径研究

为有效测度黄河流域物流业的生态效率,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,基于Super-SBM模型测算了2013—2022年黄河流域全流域、上中下游和九个省份物流业的生态效率,利用Malmquist指数探究黄河流域物流业全要素生产效率变化率及其近十年的空间演化特征,最后通过fsQCA分析黄河流域物流业生态效率组态提升路径。结果表明:黄河流域整体物流业生态效率呈现先下降后增长的趋势;中下游物流业生态效率较高,上游一直处于最低水平;九个省份生态效率演变存在显著差异,但差异化程度随着时间逐渐减小。黄河流域物流业生态效率的众多影响因素之间相互作用,根据各条路径核心条件的构成共归纳出三条组态提升路径。

Geological and surfacial processes and major disaster effects in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin(YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity. Correspondingly, major disasters in the YRB are characterized by varied types,extensive distributions, and sudden occurrences. In addition, major disasters in the YRB usually evolve into disaster chains that cause severe consequences. Therefore, major disasters in the YRB destroy ecologies and environments and influence geological and ecological safety in the basin. This paper systematically reviews research on geological and surface processes, major disaster effects, and risk mitigation in the YRB, discusses the trends and challenges of relevant research, analyzes the key scientific problems that need to be solved, and suggests prospects for future research based on the earth system science concept. Themes of research that should be focused on include geological, surface and climatic processes in the YRB and their interlinking disaster gestation mechanisms;formation mechanisms and disaster chain evolutions of giant landslides in the upper reach of the YRB;mechanisms and disaster chain effects of loess water-soil disasters in the middle reach of the YRB;occurrence patterns and amplifying effects of giant flood chains in the lower reach of the YRB;and risk mitigations of major disasters in the YRB. Key scientific problems that need to be solved are as follows: how to reveal the geological, surface and climatic processes that are coupled and interlinked with gestation mechanisms of major disasters;how to clarify the mutual feedback effects between major disasters and ecology;and how to develop a human-environmental harmony-based integrated risk mitigation system for major disasters. Prospects for future studies that follow the earth system science concept include the following: highlighting interdisciplinary research to reveal the interlinked disaster gestation mechanisms of the geology, surface and climate in the YRB in the past, present, and future;forming theories to clarify the regional patterns, dynamic mechanisms, and mutual-feedback effects between disaster chains and ecology in the YRB on land and in rivers in the region;solving technological bottlenecks to develop assessment models and mitigation theories for integrated risks in the YRB by following the human-environment harmony concept;and finally, establishing a demonstratable application pattern characterized by "whole-basin coverage" and "zonal controls", thereby guaranteeing ecological and geological safety in the basin and providing scientific support for ecological conservation and high-quality development of the YRB.

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究述评与展望

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出已近5 a,在此期间国家及社会各界做出了不懈努力,黄河流域保护治理水平得以飞速提升。然而,黄河保护治理问题错综复杂,绝非一朝一夕可以解决,针对黄河流域现状及存在问题,亟须对近5 a的研究和成果进行系统总结,并对未来发展进行展望。从科研项目、学术论文、学术专著和研究平台4个方面,系统总结了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出后社会各界针对黄河所做的研究与贡献;运用系统论、辩证论、和谐论等理论,并结合黄河流域现状及亟待解决的重大问题,对推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出5点展望:多学科交叉融合、多部门协同治理、多层级联合攻关、多平台培养人才、多途径保护治理。

砒砂岩区生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展关键技术与模式

探索生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与途径,是促进水土保持生态治理高质量发展的重要课题。为此,以生态治理难度极大的黄河流域砒砂岩区为研究对象,基于生态经济学、生态产业技术的理论与方法,提出了生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的基本原理和应遵循的原则,探索了生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与模式,并开展了示范应用。1)生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的原理是行为互驱动、效应互补偿,应遵循的原则是“双律适应、适地适生、三方意愿”;2)鉴于砒砂岩覆土区、覆沙区、裸露区生态环境有明显差异,分别构建了小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的综合治理措施体系和模式,以坡顶、坡面和沟道为水土保持措施配置的3个地貌单元,选择兼具水土保持功能和饲用、药用、食用等经济开发价值的作物进行生物措施配置,配合注浆固结、抗蚀促生、砒砂岩改性等新的工程技术措施进行生态治理;3)研发了物理-化学-生物综合改良砒砂岩土壤、砒砂岩复配风沙土+生物改良提质、灌草优化平茬及饲料加工、煤矸石改性资源化利用、高陡边坡抗蚀+控渗+植生固稳、生态果园建植等关键技术;4)基于砒砂岩覆沙区“土壤改良固沙+”(如土壤改良固沙+经济林种植、土壤改良固沙+梭梭草套种甘草等)生态治理模式的实践与示范,探索实施了“政府支持,科技支撑,企业产业化+公益性投资,农牧民市场化参与”的多元投资、多方参与、共同受益运行机制与模式。通过灌草平茬饲料加工、土壤改良、经济作物种植等产业化中试,以及矿区回填区生态恢复、小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展示范性实践,表明脆弱生态区治理中发展生态衍生产业具有广阔的前景。