Impacts of multi-scenario land use change on ecosystem services and ecological security pattern: A case study of the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes(LUCC), impacting ecosystem services(ES) and ecological security patterns(ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development(NDS), economic development(EDS), and ecological protection scenarios(EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate:(1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies.(2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage,water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES.(3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources,corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km^(2), 645.03 km^(2),and 64.43 km^(2), respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.

Changes of Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Yellow River Delta and Protection Countermeasures to Them

Coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta are typical new wetland ecosystems in warm temperate zone. In recent years, influenced by natural and human factors, these coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta have undergone changes of landscape fragmentation, vegetation degradation, pollution, species reduction, and harmful exotic species invasion. These changes have influenced sustainable and healthy development of marine economy of the Yellow River Delta. To protect natural ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta, the authors recommended that it should establish and improve policies, laws and regulations of wetland protection; carry out wetland resource investigation and assessment and monitoring; strengthen comprehensive protection and control of wetland; reduce wetland degradation and promote sustainable use of wetland.

Evaluation of Coordinated Development of Urbanization and Ecological Environment in the Efficient Ecological Economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta

Based on the statistical data of urbanization development level and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta during 2009-2014,a comprehensive index system for the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment was established to evaluate the coordinated development level. The results showed that the coordinated development level of urbanization and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta was generally high during 2009-2014. The development level of urbanization was higher than that of ecological environment on the whole,that is,the development of ecological environment lagged behind. The development of urbanization in the region was relatively slow during 2009-2011 but rapid during 2012-2014. The development level of ecological environment was relatively stable and always increased.

Evolution of Yellow River Delta Coastline Based on Remote Sensing from 1976 to 2014, China

Coastal regions are threatened by natural processes, such as erosion driven by storm surges and the effect of jetties, as well as by human behavior. The coastline of the Yellow River Delta(YRD) was monitored using the general high-tide line method, which combines Remote sensing(RS) and geographic information system(GIS) technology, using multi-spectral scanner(MSS), thematic mapper(TM), and enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM+) images of the YRD from 1976 to 2014 as a data source. The results demonstrated that the shape and length of the YRD coastline has changed dramatically since 1976. The course of the Diaokouhe channel has resulted in mainly inland erosion in the north, and is primarily marine erosion; therefore, it was termed an erosion-type estuary. However, the coastline of the Qingshuigou course has moved seaward, demonstrating an accretion stage, and was therefore termed an accretion-type estuary. The coastline advanced forward before 1997 and shrank after 2003 in the southern part of the river mouth, which was due to the shift in the river mouth in 1996. It has continually extended outward in the northern part of the river mouth from 2003 onward. The coastline in the southern part of the river mouth has moved randomly, with the occurrence of both erosion and sedimentation caused by land reclamation and sea wave intrusion. In most cases, the coastline has extended offshore, especially in the northern part of the river mouth. The YRD coastline has changed frequently and rapidly from 1992 to 2014. The river mouth channel, river water and sediments, and precipitation were the major factors affecting the YRD. The YRD coastline was mainly in an accretion stage during flow periods. The erosion rate decreased and tended to be stable during a dry period. The coastline was basically stable when dry periods occurred over a long period. The location of Yellow River ports and sea erosion were the main factors driving coastline changes. The coastline was mainly influenced by the flow path of the Yellow River, with recent human activity also becoming a factor.

Study on High-efficiency Ecological Agricultural Development Based on Science and Technology in the Yellow River Delta

Based on the analysis of the status, characteristics and technological functions of high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta, the paper pointed out technological bottlenecks of the high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta. Some suggestions were proposed including changing the development concept, implementing nine projects, increasing capital investment, focusing on demonstration, and strengthening human resources.

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

Biophysical warming patterns of an open-top chamber and its short-term influence on a Phragmites wetland ecosystem in China

Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in the Yellow River Delta of Dongying City, China. With data collected through online transmission and in-situ sensors, the attributes and patterns of realized OTCs warming are demonstrated.The authors also quantified the preliminary influence of experimental chamber warming on plant traits.OTCs produced an elevated average air temperature of 0.8°C(relative to controls) during the growing season(June to October) of 2018, and soil temperatures actually decreased by 0.54°C at a depth of 5 cm and 0.46°C at a depth of 30 cm in the OTCs. Variations in diel patterns of warming depend greatly on the heat sources of incoming radiation in the daytime versus soil heat flux at night. Warming effects were often larger during instantaneous analyses and influenced OTCs air temperatures from-2.5°C to 8.3°C dependent on various meteorological conditions at any given time, ranging from cooling influences from vertical heat exchange and vegetation to radiation-associated warming. Night-time temperature depressions in the OTCs were due to the low turbulence inside OTCs and changes in surface soilatmosphere heat transfer. Plant shoot density, basal diameter, and biomass of Phragmites decreased by23.2%, 6.3%, and 34.0%, respectively, under experimental warming versus controls, and plant height increased by 4.3%, reflecting less carbon allocation to stem structures as plants in the OTCs experienced simultaneous wind buffering. While these passive-warming OTCs created the desired warming effects both to the atmosphere and soils, pest damages on the plant leaves and lodging within the OTCs were extensive and serious, creating the need to consider control options for these chambers and the replicated OTCs studies underway in other Chinese Phragmites marshes(Panjin and Yancheng).

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究述评与展望

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出已近5 a,在此期间国家及社会各界做出了不懈努力,黄河流域保护治理水平得以飞速提升。然而,黄河保护治理问题错综复杂,绝非一朝一夕可以解决,针对黄河流域现状及存在问题,亟须对近5 a的研究和成果进行系统总结,并对未来发展进行展望。从科研项目、学术论文、学术专著和研究平台4个方面,系统总结了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出后社会各界针对黄河所做的研究与贡献;运用系统论、辩证论、和谐论等理论,并结合黄河流域现状及亟待解决的重大问题,对推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出5点展望:多学科交叉融合、多部门协同治理、多层级联合攻关、多平台培养人才、多途径保护治理。

沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调时空演变分析

为丰富黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究,并为沿黄城市经济发展提供对策建议,分别构建生态保护和高质量发展评价指标体系,以60个沿黄地级市为样本单元,采用熵值法对指标赋权并计算2010—2020年沿黄各市生态保护指数、高质量发展指数,采用耦合协调度模型计算生态保护与高质量发展耦合度、协调度并划分协调等级,计算相对发展度以判断生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型,分析沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调动态演变情况,结果表明:2010—2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展协调度大都稳中有升、少数城市呈下降趋势,2020年协调等级整体上还较低,尚有37个城市处于失调状态,生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调任重道远;从空间上看,沿黄城市生态保护和高质量发展协调度总体上呈现下游>中游>上游的格局,研究时段生态保护与高质量发展协调度平均值大小排序前十位的城市多为沿海城市或省会城市、后十位的城市多为各省(区)的边缘城市,地理位置、资源禀赋、政策扶持程度和经济发展模式等对耦合协调度有重要影响;2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型为生态保护滞后型的城市有31个、为均衡型的城市有5个、为生态保护领先型的城市有24个,表明沿黄城市生态保护整体上滞后于高质量发展。

黄河流域“水资源-生态保护-高质量发展”空间均衡性诊断

为促进黄河流域空间均衡发展,在测算黄河流域9个省区水资源可承载水平、经济社会发展水平以及生态保护水平的基础上,分析了各省区内部水资源、生态环境和经济社会3个子系统间的耦合协调发展水平,并分别以水与经济均衡、水与生态均衡、经济与生态均衡为子目标,构建了空间均衡性诊断模型,对黄河流域相邻“省区对”进行了空间均衡性诊断,反向追踪各“省区对”空间不均衡的原因。结果显示:除宁夏、甘肃外,黄河流域其他省区内部3个子系统间均已达到初级或中级协调发展阶段;黄河流域上游和下游的相邻“省区对”分别通过了均衡性判别;宁夏、甘肃、山西和内蒙古4个省区严重影响了省区间的均衡性,抑制了黄河流域整体的空间均衡发展。

黄河三角洲滨海湿地碳储时空演变及其生态补偿研究

近年来随着油气开采、港口建设、填海造陆等活动的开展,黄河三角洲滨海湿地面临生态服务功能降低、碳汇功能受损等问题。为改善黄河三角洲滨海湿地的生态功能及有效利用其碳储功能,研究突破了碳储生态补偿价值静态核算的局限性,充分考虑黄河三角洲滨海湿地的时空异质性影响,运用ArcGIS及InVEST模型计算并分析不同土地利用类型下的碳储量变化,探究如何对碳储量损失区域进行生态补偿,并提升黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统的碳储功能。研究表明:(1)2013—2020年黄河三角洲滨海湿地碳储量呈现下降趋势,8年间累计总损失6.36×10^(6)吨碳。(2)碳储总值的分布与土地利用类型密切相关。(3)黄河三角洲滨海湿地2013—2020年8年间碳储经济损失价值为164.92×10^(6)美元。

基于黄河流域生态保护视角的绿色税制优化研究

为推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,基于绿色税制对生态环境保护和绿色发展的作用机制,从黄河流域生态保护视角重点分析了绿色税制主体税种、税收优惠和征收管理现状及面临的挑战。结果表明:当前绿色税制面临主体税种生态调控作用有限、税收优惠政策激励不足与征收管理效率不高等挑战,必须围绕生态保护和绿色发展目标,同时紧密结合黄河流域生态保护核心内容的要求优化绿色税制;应该注重完善主体税种的征收范围、税率水平与税收优惠政策,注重税种间相互配合,注重绿色税制建设与黄河保护法和生态保护相关政策的衔接,并发挥法律合力;建立黄河流域跨部门跨区域的征收管理执法合作机制,并推进税收征收管理现代化。

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调性及障碍度研究

为给黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的政策研究提供参考,以2006—2020年黄河流域九省(区)为研究对象,分别构建生态保护与高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法进行测度,并借助耦合协调模型和障碍度模型,探究生态保护与高质量发展2个系统之间的耦合协调关系及其障碍因子。结果表明:1)黄河流域九省(区)生态保护与高质量发展时序上发展态势良好,但各省(区)异质性明显;2)黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调度整体处于上升阶段,但水平仍较低,在时序上经历了濒临失调—勉强协调—基本协调的演变历程,在空间上呈现下游>中游>上游的分布格局;3)黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调关系主要受污染治理、生态建设和创新发展三重制约,且各省(区)的主要障碍因子存在差异。

黄河流域发展质量综合评估及其主要障碍因子识别

为了给高质量建设现代化黄河流域提供数据佐证和学理支撑,设置包括2个子系统(生态保护和高质量发展)共7个维度(资源利用、环境治理、环境质量、创新发展、协调发展、开放发展、共享发展)的黄河流域发展质量评价指标体系,采用反熵值法计算指标权重及各子系统综合指数,采用生态位适宜度模型评估2011—2020年黄河流域发展质量,采用修正的耦合协调度模型和相对发展度模型分析黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调状况,采用障碍度模型识别黄河流域发展质量的主要障碍因子。结果表明:1)2011—2020年黄河流域发展质量整体上稳步上升,但研究时段末仍相对较低,还有较大提升空间;2)从黄河流域发展质量各维度生态位适宜度看,环境治理、资源利用达到中等适宜,协调发展和环境质量为低度适宜,共享发展属于低度不适宜,创新发展和开放发展属于中等不适宜;3)黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调等级已由勉强协调上升到初级协调,二者一直处于生态保护领先的失衡或严重失衡状态;4)在发展质量的7个维度中,共享发展处于核心地位,开放发展、创新发展、协调发展是高质量发展子系统的短板,资源利用、环境质量是生态保护子系统的弱项。在评价指标中,技术市场成交额占GDP比重、人均进出口值、外资开放度、自然保护区面积占总面积比例、农业产业劳动生产率、城市土地节约利用水平、工业固体废弃物综合利用率是黄河流域发展质量的主要障碍因子。

关于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的思考

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,黄河流域是重要的生态屏障和经济带,也是重要的粮食和能源基地,对我国政治、经济和文化发展具有不可替代的重要作用,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展已上升为一项重大国家战略。黄河又是世界上最为复杂难治的河流之一,我国治理黄河历史悠久,人民治黄以来,黄河流域治理和生态保护取得了举世瞩目的成就,但仍面临诸多亟待解决的重大问题。梳理了人民治黄的辉煌成就,分析了当前治黄面临的形势与挑战,并针对如何实现黄河流域长治久安与高质量发展提出了构建流域水资源保障体系、实现流域重点地区生态环境修复与保护、完善流域防洪防凌与水沙调控工程体系等对策建议。

黄河下游多因素耦合作用生态护坡破坏机制研究进展

黄河流域在中国经济社会发展中具有重要的战略地位,其下游河道水少沙多、水沙关系不协调,具有二级悬河、河势演变复杂等特点,岸坡破坏会严重威胁防洪安全和经济社会高质量发展,因此,保障岸坡稳定、开展黄河下游护坡治理与风险管控十分必要。生态护坡破坏涉及水、土、植被、结构等因素,机理复杂,传统河流动力学理论已不能完全适用,需进一步深入研究。本文总结分析了黄河下游岸坡破坏现状、岸坡失稳机理及其主要影响因素、生态护坡结构研究及应用和护坡工程风险评估及管控等方面现有研究成果及存在的不足,在此基础上探讨和梳理了黄河下游生态护坡未来的一些研究方向,包括揭示水-土-植被等多因素耦合作用下的生态护坡破坏机制、研发适用于强冲积特点的刚-柔协同新型生态护坡结构型式、建立考虑多要素多层次的生态护坡工程风险综合评价指标体系、形成岸坡监测-评估-处置/防护一体化的风险管控技术体系等。

面向“十五五”的黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是一项系统性、历史性和长期性的国家重大战略。五年来,黄河流域在生态治理和经济格局上不断优化,时空特征加快演进,高质量发展态势明显,但一些深层次结构性矛盾仍然存在。面对国际国内发展新形势,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展在推进路径上应重点以“两山论”引领绿色发展、以科技创新引领产业创新、以区域一体化推进城市群都市圈建设、以内外联动推进高水平开放、以文旅深度融合推进黄河文化繁荣发展。着眼中长期,谋划“十五五”,前瞻黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的战略思路,应围绕流域高质量发展和高水平保护、高质量发展和高水平安全抓好“统筹”,围绕“十五五”规划、“两步走”战略做好“衔接”,围绕毫不动摇深化改革开放、推进全面创新育强“动能”,围绕与国家重大战略、区域战略的对接融入和叠加协同提升“势能”,围绕治理现代化在深化流域规划体系、政策体系联动中提高“效能”,以大保护、大治理推动流域生态效益、经济效益和社会效益相统一,打造大江大河治理的重要标杆,在推进中国式现代化进程中发挥关键作用。

黄河流域生态保护府际协作网络结构及其影响因素

黄河流域府际协作网络的建立能够为实现流域生态保护高质量发展提供现实依据。以黄河流域地方政府间有关生态保护的1 263份府际协议为样本,从社会网络视角可视化呈现黄河流域生态保护府际协作结构,以整体指标和中心度刻画府际协作网络特征,并通过二次指派程序(QAP)回归探析地理邻近性、经济发展水平、行政隶属关系、行政层级差异、合作组织网络、行政领导关系、生态保护水平7个变量对府际协作关系建立的影响。研究发现:黄河流域府际协作网络紧密,但整体网络密度仍处于较低水平;黄河流域府际协作网络呈复合式结构特征,具体表现为三角结构、星型结构、网状型结构等;河南省处于府际协作网络的核心位置,对周边地区的辐射带动作用明显;地理邻近性、经济发展水平、行政层级差异、行政领导关系和生态保护水平是当前黄河流域生态保护府际协作的主要驱动因素。

沿黄9省(区)绿色技术创新与生态保护耦合协调关系研究

绿色技术创新与生态保护协调发展是我国实现高质量发展的重要驱动力。选取沿黄9省(区)2003—2021年的数据,选用耦合协调度模型、耦合协调相对发展度、空间自相关分析及标准差椭圆法对沿黄9省(区)绿色技术创新与生态保护耦合协调关系进行研究。结果表明,沿黄9省(区)的绿色技术创新与生态保护水平整体呈上升态势,但是整体水平偏低、二者空间分布格局差异较大。沿黄9省(区)的耦合协调等级在研究期内变化较小,且空间分异特征显著,下游省份处于中高级耦合协调等级,中上游省份处于极度失调等级。各省(区)绿色技术创新与生态保护耦合协调发展类型基本处于滞后发展阶段,研究期内并无显著变化。沿黄9省(区)的绿色技术创新与生态保护的耦合协调关系具有显著的空间正相关关系,耦合协调度在上游、下游地区提升较快,且地区间的发展差距正在逐渐缩小。因此,沿黄9省(区)下游省份应加大对绿色技术创新的支持力度,提高资源的利用效率,中上游省(区)应推动产业结构转型升级,并发挥政府宏观调控作用,促进沿黄9省(区)绿色技术创新与生态保护协调发展。

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调关系实证分析

为准确把握黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调关系,以黄河流域9个省(区)全域为研究对象,基于2016—2020年面板数据,采用熵值法、耦合协调模型对黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调关系进行了实证分析。结果表明:2016—2020年黄河流域生态保护水平和高质量发展水平均呈上升态势,生态保护水平的区域格局由“下游高、中上游低”变为“中上游高、下游低”,高质量发展区域格局由“上中游高、下游低”变为“上中游低、下游高”;黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调状况基本属于相互协调型,呈现由高质量发展相对滞后型向生态保护相对滞后型转变的趋势;研究期内,黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调水平整体较低但呈稳步上升趋势,耦合协调等级大致经历了“轻度失调—濒临失调—勉强协调”的转变过程,今后还有较大提升空间。