Analysis on the Relationship between Ecological Protection Red Line and Red Lines of Other Elements

Ecological protection red line is the minimum spatial area and territorial boundary line to be protected to realize the unification of economic,social and ecological benefits by increasing the national and regional ecological capital stock,maintaining ecological security,improving people's livelihood,promoting the sustainable development of economy and society,and upgrading the function of natural ecosystem.There are connections and differences between ecological protection red line and the red lines of cultivated land,forestry ecology,water resources control and marine ecology.Essentially speaking,they are all to maintain national ecological security and social stability,and create a good living environment for the people.

Game Analysis and Mechanism Design of Ecological Protection Red Line for Ecologically Vulnerable Areas in Western China

Drawing the ecological protection red line is to maintain the integrity and benign operation of the ecosystem within the area,and to ensure that the ecological environment is within the boundary of controllable ecological security.Taking the ecologically vulnerable areas in western China as the research object and using the game theory and literature analysis,this paper studied the game behavior of ecological protection red line in these areas.In addition,this paper also analyzed the stakeholders such as government,enterprises and the masses in the drawing of the ecological protection red line,and comprehensively analyzed the game strategies between the government and the masses,the government and enterprises,and the central and local governments and enterprises.On the basis of the analysis,it came up with a safeguard mechanism for the coordination of the interests of the ecological protection red line.

Study on the Delineation of Ecological Protection Red Line in Ecological Fragile Region of the West

Ecological protection red line is one of the main contents in system construction of ecological civilization in China, and also reflects the trend and the will of the national eco-environment protection system reform. In this paper, taking ecological fragile area of the west as the research object, and using literature analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, the characteristics in ecological fragile area of the west are compre-hensively elaborated, and the relationship between ecological vulnerability and ecological protection red line is clarified, and the delineation theory and methods of ecological protection red line are analyzed, such as ecological suitability analysis, regional ecological security pattern and DPSIR model. Finally, key issues of ecological protection red line delineation in ecological fragile zone of the west are proposed.

Ecological Security Assessment of Red River Basin in Guangxi

[Objective] The study aimed at assessing the ecological security of Red River basin in Guangxi. [Method] Firstly, the ecological security assessment index system of Red River basin was established based on the framework of 'pressure-state-response' model, and index information of ecological security assessment was extracted by using RS and GIS technology; afterwards, the ecological security of Red River basin was divided into five grades according to ecological security index, and the distribution and characteristics of ecological security at various levels were analyzed; finally, the measures to maintain the ecological security of Red River basin were put forward on the basis of problems in ecological security. [Result] Most areas of Red River basin in Guangxi were in generally safe state, especially Lingyun County, Fengshan County, Du'an County, Dahua County, Shanglin County, Binyang County, Guiping City, etc., and the area accounted for 74.25% of total area; next came safer state (12.74%), the regions in the two states above were the most important environmental areas of Red River basin. The ecological security problems of Red River basin were mainly related to fragile ecological environment, lagging economic development, rapid population growth, excessive development and utilization of natural resources and so forth. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the rational development and utilization of land resources, protection and construction of ecological environment in Red River basin.

Delimitation and Zoning of Natural Ecological Spatial Boundary Based on GIS

In order to improve the control of land use in China,taking Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in the Qilian Mountains area as an example,this paper explores the method of national ecological space delimitation and zoning based on ARCGIS platform. Three kinds of space division techniques are formed to unify natural resources survey data,carry out land spatial suitability evaluation,delimit three kinds of space and optimize natural ecological space division. According to existing laws in China,based on ecological protection red line,natural ecological space is divided into ecological protection red line and general ecological space. According to the regulation requirements and the functional division of various protected areas,the red line area of ecological protection is divided into core protected area,ecological restoration area,traditional utilization and recreation area with the area of 3 947. 28,3 216. 89 and 6 936. 56 km2,respectively. In view of the prominent problems in the process of delimitation and zoning of natural ecological space,some suggestions are put forward,such as unification of chassis,optimization of ecological protection red line and coordination and unification of management boundary.

生态补偿何以促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕?

在生态保护红线区与经济发展滞后地区高度重合的情境下,如何更好地发挥生态补偿在“绿水青山”转化为“金山银山”中的积极作用,是促进区域协调发展、逐步实现共同富裕的关键,也是破解生态保护红线区保护与发展之间矛盾的现实需要。该研究基于山东省生态保护红线区的1762份实地调研数据,从物质-精神-环境的三重视角出发,在综合测度生态保护红线区农户共同富裕水平基础上,运用普通最小二乘法和四段式中介效应模型,揭示了生态补偿对当地农户共同富裕实现的促进效应、作用渠道及异质性影响。研究结果显示:①生态补偿能够有效促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕,在使用工具变量、控制政府执行力指数、数据缩尾处理以重新核算被解释变量后,结果依然稳健。②分维度来看,虽然输血型生态补偿和造血型生态补偿均能够发挥多维富民效应,但无论在物质富裕维度、精神富裕维度还是环境富裕维度,造血型生态补偿的促进效应均优于输血型生态补偿。③作用渠道分析表明,生态补偿主要通过提升农户非农就业率、增强农户内生动力和提高其政府信任度等途径来促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕。④异质性检验发现,生态补偿对生态保护红线区农户共同富裕的促进效应在经济发展程度较低地区更为凸显,且主要促进老一代农户群体的共同富裕水平。基于上述研究结论,为提升生态补偿的富民效应,当地政府应致力于实现生态补偿全覆盖,制定差异化补偿标准;拓展生态补偿方式种类,增加造血型补偿供给水平;关注农户和地区异质性特征,适度提高生态补偿瞄准性。

基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建与国土空间修复分区

国土空间生态修复分区有助于针对生态服务、农业生产、居民生活等功能分类施策,具有提高生境质量、保障区域生态安全、促进区域可持续发展的重要作用。该研究以福建省三明市为研究区,采用生态保护红线划定方法全域识别生态源地,构建生态源地扩展阻力评价体系,采用最小累积阻力模型判别生态廊道和生态节点,提取生态断裂点,从而构建三明市生态安全格局。根据生态安全等级划分和“三生空间”范围界定,进行生态修复分区,并提出针对性生态修复和保护建议。研究结果:1)三明市生态源地共有34处,面积2185.44 km^(2),约占三明市国土面积9.5%,围绕中部盆地分布于周边丘陵山地,北部为密集区。2)判别重要生态廊道和一般生态廊道分别为12和70条,提取重要生态节点和一般生态节点分别为30和47个,提取生态断裂点66个。三明市生态安全格局完整,生态安全水平总体较高,但南部地区廊道稀疏却断裂点密集,网络连通性较低。3)划分生态安全等级、叠加“三生空间”范围,将三明市划分成核心重点区(16.13%)、监测预警区(25.04%)、缓冲过渡区(35.53%)、保育防护区(23.30%)四大类12类生态修复小区。在此基础上,针对不同修复分区提出生态防护建议,以期达到南方丘陵地区维护区域生态安全、实现城市高质量发展的目标。

基于土地利用模拟的生态保护红线划定方法研究——以广州市为例

针对生态保护红线划定精度低、无法量化等问题,提出来一种基于MCR-PLUS模型的生态保护红线划定方法。该方法基于研究区内生态系统服务价值的演变规律构建生态安全格局,利用生态安全格局进行生态保护红线的初步划定。通过对研究区未来土地利用模拟预测结果,识别研究区生态保护红线易被侵蚀的风险区域,对初步划定的生态保护红线进行优化调整,最终得到研究区生态保护红线的最终划定范围。结果表明,基于MCR-PLUS模型的生态保护红线划定方法可以用量化的指标划定研究区生态保护红线范围,划定的生态保护红线具有较高的精度。

基于Python的生态保护红线勘界定标数据处理应用——以重庆市南川区为例

生态保护红线勘界定标中数据成果面临多量化、多样化、复杂化等难题,人工进行表册的填写及图件的制作耗费大量的人力及物力,效率低下。本研究通过利用ArcGIS中的Python语言程序,可进行自动化批量编号、输出相关图件及影像图,再运用Office宏编辑器模块,可将矢量数据及影像截图自动插入到相关表册中。通过运用ArcGIS中Python语言程序,提高了准确率及生产效率,同时节约了人工成本,保证矢量数据与表册数据的一致性,为生态保护红线勘界定标工作提升了工作效率,为生态红线勘界定标工作顺利通过国家验收打下了坚实的基础。

系统优化生物多样性就地保护格局

建立自然保护地是国际公认的就地保护生物多样性最有效的手段。中国从1956年建立广东鼎湖山自然保护区以来,到目前已建立国家公园、自然保护区和各类自然公园等自然保护地近万处,总面积超过1.85×10^(6) km^(2),还启动了天然林保护、湿地保护等重大生态工程,实施了公益林补偿、草原保护奖补等政策措施,对中国乃至全球生物多样性保护起到了积极作用。但就地保护也面临自然保护地缺少系统布局,众多自然保护地未形成有机协同的保护体系,以及保护与发展矛盾尖锐等问题。为实现《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》确定的至少30%×30%重要区域得到有效保护目标,按照全球及国家生物多样性保护战略要求,系统优化生物多样性保护空间格局,国家公园约覆盖陆域的10%左右,其余自然保护地覆盖陆域的10%左右,除自然保护地外的生态保护红线再覆盖陆域的10%左右,其他有效的区域保护措施可以将就地保护区域再扩展10%~20%。我国将形成以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系为核心、其他有效的区域保护措施为补充、生态保护红线为基础,以及重要的森林、草原、湿地、荒漠、海洋等自然生态保护修复区域为支撑的生物多样性就地保护空间格局,确保重要自然生态系统、生物多样性保护关键区得到就地保护。

广东省陆域生态保护红线区生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算研究

为探究广东省陆域生态保护红线区的生态系统生产总值(GEP)及其时空变化,构建红线区域GEP核算指标体系,评估红线区域2016年-2020年间GEP的时空演变特征。结果显示:(1)研究期内,研究区GEP减少至11274.94亿元,降幅16.28%(2)研究区GEP服务类型主要是局部气候调节和水源涵养服务,两者共占研究区GEP的70%以上。(3)GEP高值区主要分布在粤北,其次为珠三角、粤西及粤东地区。(4)红线GEP产出效率从高到低依次为粤西、粤东、珠三角、粤北。生态保护红线GEP的核算为生态空间的保护和改善提供了指导,为推动生态保护红线区的生态产品价值实现奠定了基础。

基于生态网络连通性的生态保护红线评估:以黄山市休宁县为例

在生态文明不断丰富的背景下,从生态网络的连通性角度探讨生态保护红线的科学性和保护有效性变得至关重要。本文以黄山市休宁县为研究对象,首先,运用最小累积阻力模型(minimum cumulative resistance model,MCR)和形态学空间格局分析方法(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)相结合的方法,识别和界定该县的生态源地和相应的生态廊道;然后,构建出系统的生态网络,包括重要生态源地15块,重要廊道16条,一般廊道194条;最后,通过叠加生态保护红线对该县生态保护红线的连通性进行综合评估。结果表明:休宁县的生态保护红线覆盖不足,仅涵盖生态源地面积的56.86%,特别是县域中部的生态源地保护不充分;其生态保护红线中存在连通障碍区,仅覆盖了约30%的生态廊道区域,约70%的生态廊道缺乏有效保护;在北至南方向上,廊道中断在县城建设用地边缘地区非常突出,这些地区生态网络结构复杂、保护性薄弱,严重影响该县生态结构的稳定性。

青岛市土地利用现状及优化策略分析

近年来,青岛市经济快速发展,城市化脚步愈发紧凑,土地资源面临前所未有的压力。青岛市土地资源利用效率偏低,耕地保护压力较大,生态环境安全受到威胁。城市扩张和工业化需求使得如何实现土地资源的集约化利用成为研究的重中之重。有必要分析青岛市土地利用现状,然后提出土地利用优化策略。总体来说,要推进土地集约化利用,加强耕地保护与修复,划定生态红线,完善政策法规。科学规划、现代技术和法律保障可以提高土地利用效率,促进经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的协调发展,为青岛市未来的可持续发展提供重要支撑。

生态保护红线越线责任追究法律制度之完善

建立健全生态保护红线法律制度,目的在于从生态环境的整体性出发,协调经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾,使生态破坏恢复与环境污染防治得以相辅相成。生态保护红线区域具有特殊性和保护的迫切需要,而《环境保护法》与有关的法律责任追究制度并未侧重于生态破坏恢复。完善生态保护红线越线责任追究制度,使依法划定的生态保护红线能够得到有效遵守。

生态保护红线下的水利工程设计——以长江铜陵河段综合治理工程为例

以长江铜陵河段综合治理工程为例,分析了不可避让生态保护红线的因素,对工程裁弯、现状守护两种方案进行了比选,并优选护岸工程具体型式。结果表明:在不可避让生态保护红线的情况下,可通过设计方案的优选达到既发挥工程功能又保护生态红线的目的。推荐采用防洪效果直接且明显、生态环境影响程度小的现状守护方案,护岸型式为平顺护岸,其中位于自然保护区水上护坡、水下护脚型式宜分别为雷诺护垫、PP网兜抛石。研究成果可为涉及生态保护红线的其他水利工程提供借鉴。

Study on Connection of Spatial Planning of Oil and Gas Infrastructure and Environmental Sensitive Area

By analyzing the influence of pollution factors in each process on the environmentally sensitive area in construction and operation of oil and gas infrastructure,main problems were obtained:delimitation and implementation of three control lines in land space planning,relevant environmental protection laws and regulations not perfect and specific,delimitation of environmentally sensitive area lack of sufficient demonstration,"conditional permission to pass"not be raised to an explicit provision,urban energy corridor planning not fully implement the concept of environmental protection,and the idea of adjacent spatial planning not be implemented yet.Moreover,it put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the construction department of oil and gas infrastructure.

基于多生态安全格局的生态保护红线划定方法研究

在“长江大保护”背景下,长江经济带诸多省市将生态保护战略摆在重要地位,其中生态保护红线作为整体生态保护格局的重要组成部分,在城市生态规划中发挥重要作用。以马鞍山市为研究对象,基于多生态安全格局理论与ABC资源模型,分别构建非生物、生物、文化类生态安全格局,叠加后获得综合生态安全格局并对其生态保护红线进行划定,通过分析生态冲突地区,确定城市生态保护红线划定标准,提出对应的生态规划措施。结果表明,马鞍山市生态保护红线可划分为三级区域,其中1级、2级、3级红线区域面积占总面积比例分别为:44.624%、18.418%、28.111%。生态一建设冲突地区分布以长江东岸地区为主,生态一农田冲突区域主要分布于石臼湖周边。根据生态保护红线及冲突区分布进行相应的生态规划,有利于恢复区域生态安全格局,实现对马鞍山地区生态环境的有效保护。

实景三维尺度特征与生态保护红线勘界定标应用研究

生态保护红线勘界定标面临边界不规则、碎片化和绵延广等难题,而利用实景三维的真实、立体、时序化特性,可有效辅助边界内业校核分析和预标注等工作。本文以实景三维的尺度特征为研究视角,从数据采集精度、表达内容、覆盖范围3个方面,结合生态保护红线勘界定标对工作底图的尺度要求,分析了其与实景三维尺度特征的关系,并提出多尺度实景三维模型融合应用思路。以重庆市照母山森林公园生态保护红线勘界定标工作为例,分析了多源多尺度实景三维数据在不同环节的应用情况,有效提升了勘界定标工作的科学性和工作效率,为持续进行红线监测监管奠定了基础。

民族地区生态环境保护的法治机制研究

民族地区多处于长江、黄河中上游地区,是我国生物资源最富集、生态环境最优美的区域,也是各类环境污染、生态破坏的高发区域,需要用最严格制度最严密法治保护民族地区生态环境。健全生态文明体制机制是生态环境保护的法治根基,完善地方法规体系是生态环境保护的法治根本,“合宪性法规审查”是确保地方立法质量的法治举措。《生态环境保护法》以法律的形式规制了“生态红线”,必须用综合行政联合执法举措保护民族地区生态环境,建立健全生态环境治理的综合行政执法体系,规范以协商救济为核心的生态环保约谈机制。需要用最严厉的执法司法手段保护民族地区生态环境,制定完善生态环境保护综合行政执法条例,实施刑事制裁、民事赔偿与生态补偿三位一体环境修复责任制度,生态环境保护法规实施全过程都要接受“合宪性审查”。

海洋生态保护红线管控对策研究

海洋生态保护红线为重点海洋生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等海域的生态保护提供了强有力保障,通过梳理海洋生态保护红线划定情况,分析红线内人为用海活动现状,并针对不同类型的红线和人为用海活动影响,开展红线管控对策研究,提出红线管控要点,为我国海洋生态保护红线管理提供参考。