Ecological Restoration Technologies of Urban Artificial Landscape Lakes

Aiming at the problems of water pollution and ecological environment degradation in urban artificial landscape lakes,the ecological restoration technologies of artificial landscape lakes at home and abroad were studied to provide some reference for the ecological restoration of urban artificial landscape lakes in China.

Importance of Comprehensive Ecological Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmland,Lakes and Grass:A Case Study of the Shichuan River

With China's economic development and population growth,China's ecological environment continues to deteriorate.The comprehensive ecosystem restoration of the Shichuan River aims to build an ecosystem containing"mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes and grass"by determining scientific and reasonable thickness of foreign soil,pollution restoration,ecological reconstruction,safeguard measures,etc.It brings new vitality to local ecological environment remodeling and economic development.

Thoughts and Practice of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it was necessary to establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,treat the ecological environment as life,and coordinate the management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.In recent years,China has organized a series of pilot projects for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,breaking the boundary between administrative divisions,departmental management and ecological elements,and implementing conservation and restoration oriented towards the improvement of ecosystem services,so as to solve the problem of the lack of overall planning for ecological protection and restoration projects and the separated management of ecological elements.This study systematically elaborated the theoretical basis and connotation characteristics of ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.It proposed the implementation path of ecological protection and restoration project of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands by taking the water source conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case,so as to provide reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in various regions.

Current Situation and Ideas of Protection and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems in Rivers and Lakes of China

Based on the investigation and analysis of protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes of China, the ideas and measures of restoring aquatic ecosystems were proposed to build healthy aquatic ecosystems of rivers and lakes in China, such as setting scientific and clear goals, improving the standard adopted by wastewater treatment plants, controlling sources of pollutants and intercepting pollutants, collec- tion of blue-green algae, water transfer, dredging, reducing the quantity of blue-green algae, restoring reed wetlands on a large scale, combing dredging and base raise of restored reed wetlands, making full use of microorganisms, and implementing effective management, technology integra- tion and innovation.

Evaluation on Current Situation of the Water Ecology of the Main Rivers and Lakes in the Liaohe River Basin

In this paper,15 rivers and 10 lake reservoirs in the Liaohe River basin were taken as research objects. Based on six indexes: satisfaction situation of ecological water demand,standard-reaching rate of water quality in water function area,eutrophication index of lakes and reservoirs,longitudinal connectivity of rivers,reserve rate of important wetlands and status of important aquatic habitat,water ecological conditions of main rivers and lakes in the basin were evaluated. The results showed that the rivers with better ecology were mainly distributed in east mountainous area of Liaoning,such as the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Taizi River;the problems of water pollution,ecological water shortage and habitat shrinkage were widespread in the Liaohe River basin,and the situation of water ecological security in the Liaohe River basin still faced great pressure.

Ecological Restoration Planning and Design of Campus River:a Case study of the Qiusuo Brook in China Three Gorges University

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University,this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results,i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution—restore sediment microorganism—build intensified plant filter strip—build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes—maintain ecological river course".In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode,this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement,restoration of sediment microorganism,restoration of water plants,ecological restoration of embankment etc.,and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects,in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Gorges University and other similar projects.

Study on Ecological Restoration Model of the Fluctuating Belt of Reservoir at the Xueye Lake in Laiwu City, Shandong Province

Fluctuating belt of reservoir is a dry-wet alternating area with special ecological conditions, quality of its ecological environment directly infl uences the reservoir ecosystem. This paper, on the basis of analyzing ecological functions and problems of the reservoir fl uctuating belt, elaborated the ecological restoration of the fl uctuating belt of the Xueye Lake in Shandong Province. According to the coastal planning types and water resource conservation needs, 4 ecological restoration models were given, i.e., pond wetland model, terraced fi eld model, conservation model, and consolidated embankment model(or Baokan model), and also 7 vegetation restoration models. Landscape planning and design of the reservoir fl uctuating belt was reviewed from the perspective of ecological restoration, to establish the eco-friendly fl uctuating belt, and this study has high promotional value.

Riverine Ecology Restoration through Ecological Engineering and Naturalization

[Objective] The aim was to improve and restore destroyed riverine and water ecosystem and to prevent bio-diversity from deteriorating in Jari demonstration plot in Ethiopia. [Method] Biological engineering and naturalization were made use of to protect nature and restore wetland as per Succession Theory. [Result] Both of eco- environment and eco-functions of Mille River were restored through reconstruction of biocenosis in wetlands. [Conclusion] It is feasible to implement matched ecological projects in semiarid regions in East Africa, providing references for restoration and protection of local water resources.

Future Development Direction of the Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmlands,Lakes,and Grasslands and the Faced Problems

In this paper,the definition,connotation,and internal relationship of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands in China are elaborated,and the current situation of ecological restoration projects for mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands was introduced.Moreover,the problems that have arisen in the specific implementation process of pilot projects were analyzed,such as unclear target positioning,inaccurate analysis of ecological problems,insufficient engineering design systematicness,weak operability of evaluation standards,and weak coordination in engineering management.The development direction and major needs for the protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands in the future have been proposed from four aspects:theoretical research,engineering design,effect evaluation,and monitoring and supervision.

Ecological Allocation of Plants in Ecological Restoration of the Danjiang River Basin

As the water source of central route of China's south-to-north water diversion project,the Danjiang River Basin shoulders a major historical mission.Therefore,it is imperative to perform ecological restoration for control of water and soil loss and improvement of the ecological environment.In this paper,based on the current status of research on ecological restoration at home and abroad,the layout principles of ecological restoration and functional traits of plants were analyzed.Afterwards,the principles and methods of plant selection in ecological restoration engineering were determined,and the ecological allocation plan of plants in ecological restoration for soil and water conservation in the Danjiang River Basin was proposed according to the specific conditions of the Danjiang River Basin.It provides reference for the ecological restoration and the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the Danjiang River Basin,and can also be used in other similar projects.

Study on the Ecological Restoration Project of Dalian Lake

Choosing Dalian Lake as study area to implement ecological restoration project,the existing environmental problems in Dalian Lake were analyzed firstly,and then the project area in Dalian Lake was divided into wetland restoration and reconstruction area,forest wetland cultivation area and shallow wetland restoration and diversity conservation area,finally corresponding restoration measures were put forward according to various function areas,so as to improve the economic output of wetland and operability and sustainability of ecological restoration project,discuss harmonious development of lake ecological restoration and regional economy,and further provide references for wetland restoration project in Dianshan Lake and water environment control in Taihu Lake basin.

River Channel Improvement and River Ecological Restoration

Recent years have seen the rapid development of China’s economy and urban construction. In this context, in order to meet the needs of people’s daily production and life for water resources, river channel improvement has become an important task. However, according to the analysis of objective factors, the way of human governance, which is contrary to the laws of nature, can lead to the destruction of river ecosystems. Based on this, this paper mainly discusses river ecological restoration around river channel improvement.

Plants Disposition of Waterfront Area Based on River Ecological Restoration in China

After the illustration of ecological restoration and research situation of foreign and domestic rivers,the paper has analyzed the relation between plants and river ecological restoration.By taking Jialu River that is the main river of Zhengzhou City,for example,it has introduced the general situation of the project and the site,water quality of the river,and soil survey and testing.It has pointed out that the structural system of ecological space of "one corridor,one core and five areas" has formed in ecological restoration project.On this basis,it has analyzed plants disposition forms in waterfront area,emphasized combining aquatic plants and urban waterfront areas to construct a natural ecological river channel which will be a new design idea for ecological reconstruction in modern urban waterfront area.

Wind erodibility indices of aeolian sandy soils impacted by different vegetation restoration:a case study from the Shannan valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River

Controlling aeolian desertification is a key ecological target on the Tibetan Plateau,especially within the widespread river valleys.Vegetation recovery can change the near-soil surface characteristics,which thus may influence wind erodibility of soils.However,these potential effects are not sufficiently evaluated for aeolian sandy soils.This study selected the Shannan valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River on the southern Tibetan Plateau as a case to investigate the variations in wind erodibility of aeolian sandy soils impacted by different vegetation restoration,since many ecological measures have been implemented in recent decades in the river valley.Eight vegetated sandy lands with different restoration types and ages and two bare sandy lands(as controls)were chosen as test sites.Four vegetated sandy lands were covered by Artemisia wellbyi,Hedysarum scoparium,Sophora moorcroftiana,and Populus L.with the similar restoration age of 10 years.For Sophora moorcroftiana and Populus L.communities,two restoration ages of 6 and over 30 years were also selected respectively.Wind erodibility was reflected by wind erodible fraction(EF),mean weight diameter of dry aggregates(MWD),capillary water capacity(CWC),soil cohesion(CS),and soil penetration resistance(PR)from different aspects.A comprehensive wind erodibility index(CWEI)was further produced by a weighted summation method to combine those five indices together and comprehensively quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on wind erodibility of aeolian sandy soils.The results showed that revegetation was efficient to reduce wind erodibility of aeolian sandy soils.EF generally decreased,while MWD,CWC,CS,and PR increased after vegetation restoration on the aeolian sandy lands.The CWEI of vegetated sandy lands varied greatly from 0.850 to 0 under different restoration types and ages and decreased by 14.4%to 100%compared to the control.Under the four different restoration types,Populus L.had the relatively minimum CWEI,followed by Artemisia wellbyi,Sophora moorcroftiana and Hedysarum scoparium.With succession from 6 to over 30 years,CWEI gradually declined for both the Populus L.and Sophora moorcroftiana restored sandy lands.The decreases in wind erodibility(reflected by CWEI)on vegetated sandy lands were dominantly controlled by the improvement of soil texture and the increases of organic matter and calcium carbonate contents with vegetation restoration.The combined vegetation measure of Populus L.mixed with shrubs and grasses was suggested as the optimal restoration type for mitigating wind erodibility of aeolian sandy soils in the Shannan valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River.

Digital Ecological Design of River Landscapes in Urbanization

By comparing landscape patterns of suburban and urban rivers in the same flow path, and analyzing patch indexes of urban river landscapes, corresponding sustainable eco-design strategies were proposed, ecodesign theory system and eco-restoration design techniques were coupled, so as to explore new digital eco-design means of urban river landscapes by targeting at regional ecological consistency.

Riverfront Landscape Based on the Idea of River Restoration: A Case Study of the Riverfront Landscape of Duoba New District in Xining City

With social progress and economic development, flood protection, water storage, and pollution absorption of urban rivers have been improved, but at the same time negative effects have been brought about. In urban areas, due to canalization or occupation of river, and forcible alteration of course of rivers, river waters area has been reduced. Natural capacity of rivers is seriously lacking, and the ecosystem services of rivers are gradually weakening. For planning, design and construction of urban landscapes, the concept of ecological restoration must be applied to protect and rationally utilize river landscapes. This paper takes the landscape belt of Huangshui River in Doba New City of Xining as an example to study the Huangshui River. Based on the theory of river course restoration, a “dynamic growth” river restoration system is established, and the restoration process of nature itself is as little as possible. In order to improve the water quality of Huangshui River, control the flow velocity and build the ecological environment, a set of perfect and self-repairing system is created for Huangshui River.

Review of Restoration Technology and Multi-environmental Factors Analysis of West Lake Ecosystem in Hangzhou City

The urban lake ecosystem has the characteristics of long-term,complex and comprehensive in its ecological restoration process because it is related to social and economic activities at multiple levels.Located in Hangzhou City,China,the West Lake is a national-level scenic spot and a world heritage cultural landscape.It provides key ecosystem services for the city and has a significant impact on the urban ecological environment and the well-being of citizens.The West Lake has undergone an 1800-year governance process in history,realizing the harmonious coexistence with Hangzhou City.Since modern times,due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the water quality of the West Lake and its freshwater ecosystem have been greatly damaged.Since 2002,Hangzhou City has achieved the overall restoration of the West Lake ecosystem through a series of measures,such as water diversion projects,dredging projects,and the West Lake comprehensive protection project,and the water environment and lakeshore landscape have been greatly improved.This study analyzed the restoration technology of the West Lake ecosystem from two scales of the watershed and the site and discussed the water ecological governance system of the West Lake in the past 20 years.Through thedata analyses of the West Lake land use,vegetation,TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,COD_(Mn) and other multi-environmental factors,the results showed that the water quality,transparency and eutrophication of the West Lake had been greatly improved.At the same time,the application of large-scale restoration methods and technologies also required long-term observation,and attention should be paid to the proliferation of alien species and the loss of heritage value,so as to further avoid potential ecological risks caused by ecological restoration.

Preliminary Study on River Landscape Ecological Restoration Project

In the process of urbanization, along with industrial development and population growth, demand of water is rapidly increasing, causing water shortages. Some rivers, lakes, wetlands and other water bodies are invaded, as well as the demise of the transformation has been a serious threat to the survival and development of human society. Therefore, river restoration is one of the hot researches in recent years. In this paper, the author made a preliminary summary on river restoration and repair, technology and related engineering examples in order to promote domestic demand for river restoration longitudinal in-depth study and fry to raise the domestic ecological restoration in future research directions： River ecological restoration is a long process. The design process should be integrated into the concept of sustainable development and build a public participation platform integrated with experts, designers, and user. And river restoration technology and related engineering examples literature play the role of reference and guidance on the selection of the river restoration project technical measures.

On the Regional Ecological Planning of the Ancient Yellow River Course in Shangqiu City

This paper analyzed the problems of eco-environment along the ancient Yellow River course and, by combining with the planning scheme of ecological projects of the ancient Yellow River course in Shangqiu City, discussed its ecological planning ways in terms of the principles, objectives, methods and contents of the ecological planning and design to promote the regional eco-environment construction of the ancient Yellow River course.

Practical Exploration of Ecological Restoration and Management of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System in the Irtysh River Basin in Altay,Xinjiang

The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system(MRFFLGs)pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined,by complying with the core concept,i.e.,"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are a community of life".The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin,which aim to reduce ecological water use,soil erosion,forest and grassland degradation,the ecological destruction of mines,water environment pollution and other issues.With overall protection,system restoration,district policy,and problem orientation as the overarching ideas,162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project.In addition,some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized(e.g.,the use of laws to solve historical problems,scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation,proactive guidance for the engagement of people,modern information technology support,and integration with local sustainable development).Lastly,four policy suggestions are proposed:(1)Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit;(2)Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms;(3)Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents,technology and capital;and(4)Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate"industry,city,people,and tourism"for carrying out a large-scale system project.