Study on the Expression Forms of Landscape Elements in the Ecological Restoration of Han Yangling Mausoleum

Through analyzing the present landform and geological conditions of Han Yangling Mausoleum, investigating the features of gardening and mausoleum construction in Han Dynasty, this study elaborated expression forms of each landscape element in the ecological restoration of Han Yangling Mausoleum.

Ecological Restoration Based on Minor Elements of Landscape Soil——A Case Study of Nan Hot Spring Park in Chongqing City of China

By taking Chongqing Nan Hot Spring Park as the research object,eight functional zones of the park has been selected as sampling spots,covering landscape facility zone at main entrance,garden zone at main entrance,lawn garden zone,river walking facility zone,activity landscape facility zone,natural garden zone,VILLA facility zone,and trees preservation zone which are recorded as LG1,LG2,LG3,LG4,LG5,LG6,LG7 and LG8,respectively.It has investigated soil pH,the content of B,Cu,Zn and Fe in soils of the eight sampling spots.The results show that soil pH of each spot is equal to or larger than 7.5,indicating that the soils are neutral and alkaline;available Cu,Zn and Fe are abundant while available B is insuff icient.In view of the actual situation of each spot,it has proposed ecological restoration based on soil improvement,so as to provide a reference for plants disposition,later maintenance and soil restoration in the park in the future.

Variations of nutrient elements and its effect on ecological environment off the Changjiang estuarine waters

On the basis of the date obtained in two cruises during October 1997 and May 1998, the concentration distribution and the variation of present species of nutrient elements in the water masses are described. The transform mechanism of present species of nutrients and the of differrnt water masses, frontal area and thermohaline transition layer on convergence or divergence and the biogeochemical cycle of nutrient elements off the Changjiang Estuary are studied. Meanwhile, the environmental capaci- ty of nutrients is primarily estimated: they are 1.803 x 104t DIN and 6.18 x 102t PO43- -P in autumn, and 4.20x 102t PO43- -P in spring.

Effects of organic matter on the distribution of rare earth elements in red soil aggregates during ecological restoration

Rare earth elements(REEs)are widely applied in high-tech fields.However,their increasing presence in the food chain poses significant risks to human health.At present,little is known about the effects of organic matter on the distribution of ion-adsorbed REEs in soil aggregates during ecological restoration.Red soil derived from coarse-grained granite in Southern China is both prone to ecosystem degradation from soil erosion and rich in REEs.Understanding the distribution of REEs in soil aggregates undergoing ecological restoration is helpful to formulate effective measures for controlling the environmental migration of REEs.Four sites that had undergone different durations/degrees of ecological restoration were selected in the areas to analyze.REEs concentration of six different aggregates sizes(<0.25,0.25-0.5,0.5-1,1-2,2-5,and>5 mm)were analyzed and the enrichment coefficients were calculated in 4 sample sites of severe-degraded ecosystem in Changting County,Fujian Province,Southern China.The results showed that the total rare earth elements(TREEs)concentration in the aggregates increased from 213 mg kg^(-1) to 528 mg kg^(-1) with the extension of the ecological restoration time.At the initial stages of ecological restoration,there was no significant difference in the TREEs concentration among the six aggregates sizes.However,in the middle and late stages of restoration,the concentration of TREEs increased significantly with the decrease of aggregate size.The concentration of individual REEs showed three changing trends with sizes of aggregates during ecological restoration,respectively:1)no obvious regular change(S1),2)a V-shaped change trend(S2),and 3)increasing concentration with the decrease of aggregate size(S3 and S4).Ce and Eu showed a positive and negative anomaly in the soil aggregates,respectively.Moreover,the light rare earth elements(LREEs)were enriched,while the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)were depleted during the initial stages,and the HREEs were enriched during the middle and late stages of restoration.The correlation coefficient between organic matter and REEs in aggregates was generally low;however,LREEs showed a stronger correlation with organic matter than that of HREEs during the initial stages of ecological restoration.The correlation between organic matter and HREEs gradually increased and even exceeded that of LREEs with on-going ecological restoration.The distribution of REEs concentration in degraded soil aggregates in Southern China showed obvious variability with the ecological restoration time.

Distribution, Enrichment and Ecological Risk Assessment of Six Elements in Bed Sediments of a Tropical River, Chottanagpur Plateau: A Spatial and Temporal Appraisal

Distribution and enrichment of six elements (iron, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and manganese) in surface bed sediments, collected from seventeen selected locations during pre-monsoon and postmonsoon periods, of the tropical Chottanagpur plateau river Subarnarekha along with the ecological risks involved were investigated. Owing to the rich occurrence of mineral resources, the Subarnarekha river basin has a large scale presence of industrial and mining units especially in the Indian State of Jharkhand. An assessment, which involved examining distribution pattern of elements, comparative studies with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and geochemical background values and a sequential and integrated index analyses approach (containing contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (CD), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (PERI)), was followed to estimate enrichment and risks of elements in the bed sediments. Sediments collected from areas having abundance of population, industrial conglomerates and mining units recorded elevated element concentrations, which exceeded SQGs, and significantly higher values of CF, CD, PLI, EF, Igeo and PERI. Cadmium demonstrated surprising regularity in its enrichment;contributed most to the ecological risks;and high toxicity risks due to cadmium exceeded 64% of the sites. Moreover, chronic exposures of other elements would also lead to similar ecological risks. In addition to revealing potential ecological risks due to cadmium and other elements our investigation markedly highlighted anthropogenic control over sediment quality deterioration and some immediate sediment quality management strategies are needed to remediate and control river bed contamination.

Evaluation on Urban Land Ecological Security Based on the PSR Model and Matter-Element Analysis: A Case Study of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.

The Application of Ecological Elements of Digital Technology in Construction Industry

The application of digital technology in the field of construction is still in its infancy, and the existing concrete framework of digital technology application in the construction industry and the study of applied ecological elements are not enough. The ecological elements of digital technology application in the construction industry are important factors that promote the healthy operation of the entire digital technology application ecosystem. Using grounded theory, we compiled the data of 33 researchers who participated in semi-structured interviews, and obtained 4 main categories and 9 sub-categories of ecological elements of digital technology application in the construction industry. Among them, the digital technology application mechanism is the core category of ecological application elements. We also used the Bass model to analyze the application trend of digital technology in the construction industry. In 2040, the number of construction companies applying digital technology will reach 98.66% of the maximum market potential.

Inter-and intra-specific phenotypic variation of ecological stoichiometric traits in a mixed-oak secondary forest in China

Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework for the balance and flow of elements between organisms and ecosystems.Elemental phenotypes have an important influence on the environmental adaptation and ecological evolution of plants.There have been few reports on inter-and intra-specific phenotypic variations of ecological stoichiometric traits for congeneric species in a mixed forest although such variations are well-documented at the species level at global,regional and local scales.In this study,total carbon(TC),nitrogen(TN),phosphorus(TP)and potassium(TK)were measured in leaves and the elemental phenotypes were statistically analyzed in four species of oaks—Quercus fabri,Q.serrata var.glandulifera,Q.acutissima and Q.variabilis—in a mixed-oak secondary forest in Yushan,Jiangsu,China.The average element concentrations in the four oak species were not relatively higher than previously reported for oaks from world and Chinese flora.Ecological stoichiometry traits were correlated with tree height and diameter at breast height,indicating that phosphorous and potassium were positively correlated with tree size,while carbon was negatively correlated,especially the relationship between oak growth and total carbon or total phosphorus was obvious,and the study concluded that this was because plant growth depended on phosphorus storage and had opposite effects on leaf carbon accumulation.Based on tree plasticity index and the coefficient of variation,there was medium variation in element concentrations.The plasticity index of total carbon levels was the lowest,and that of potassium the highest.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the intra-specific variation among the four oak species was higher than inter-specific variation.From the perspective of nutrient supply and ecological adaptation,this study creates a foundation for the management of secondary oak forest stands.

Thoughts and Practice of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it was necessary to establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,treat the ecological environment as life,and coordinate the management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.In recent years,China has organized a series of pilot projects for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,breaking the boundary between administrative divisions,departmental management and ecological elements,and implementing conservation and restoration oriented towards the improvement of ecosystem services,so as to solve the problem of the lack of overall planning for ecological protection and restoration projects and the separated management of ecological elements.This study systematically elaborated the theoretical basis and connotation characteristics of ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.It proposed the implementation path of ecological protection and restoration project of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands by taking the water source conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case,so as to provide reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in various regions.

Regional ecological security anddiagnosisof obstaclefactors in underdevelopedregions：acasestudy in Yunnan Province,China

In order toclarify regional ecological security status and formation mechanism of regional ecological security barriers in underdeveloped regions of China,we took Yunnan province as a case to evaluate its regional ecological security by using entropy matter-element model,comprehensive index and GIS spatial method,and we diagnosed itsobstacle factors through obstacle degree model. We found a low overall level of regional ecological security in Yunnan. Only Kunmingfell into the good level, 68% of the regions were below the critical safe level. For the vast majority of regions in Yunnan, their regional ecological security was unstable. The indexes related to per capita resources, geological and topographyenvironment, economic, and technologywere at the unsafe or dangerous level.The indexes related to urban expansion, level of income, cultivated land quality were at the level of critical safety. The indexes concerning urban management capacity, airqualityand waterenvironment were at the good or ideallevel. Yunnan's regional ecological security was not good due to natural obstructive environment itself, simultaneously lower backward economic and social level restricted the ability of ecological security response to manage ragile ecological environment. The results of the composite index wereroughly consistent with those of the entropy weight matterelement model. The mean values of the classification index,from high to low, were: the state index>the response index>the pressure index. The state index and the response index had a significant mutual promotion to each other.The regions with good composite index, state index and response index mainly distributed in the central regions of Yunnan Province. Spatial autocorrelation of regional ecological security level in Yunnan was not obvious. Water resources, economic and social development were main obstacle factors of the regional ecological security.When distinguishing with obstacle type, Kunming belonged to natural ecological environment barrier type, while other regions belonged to economic and social barrier type.

Research on Ecological Space Planning Oriented Urban River Landscape Planning

Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In addition to natural and functional attributes, river landscape should be regarded as a regional space element based on heterogeneous space scale. First, as for research method system, the space research models(including ecological footprint, space planning, and landscape pattern index, etc.) coupled with different angle scales and interdisciplinary theory, are utilized to study different correlations and results formed by urban river landscape elements and other regional space elements from the perspective of the regional ecological space, and the overall development goal of the urban river landscape pattern based on the goals of the regional ecological space planning is obtained. Second, the oriented urban river landscape planning and the "M" type close-tonature design strategy are evaluated through the city function zoning orientation and micro-scale urban river landscape pattern index. The research realizes the compatibility of overall goals in terms of the regional ecology, the development of urban functional areas, and the river landscape planning, without losing micro difference and maneuverability based on the urban river landscape planning and design oriented strategy, which innovates the new approach of urban river landscape planning and design with sustainable and balanced development of regional resources, multi-scale, and multiple objectives.

Analysis on diff icult situations and strategies of constructing ecological civilization of enterprises

In recent years, China has launched active exploration and practices in the aspects of the construction of ecological civilization and has made remarkable achievements. In this process, enterprises have played an important role in optimizing the economic growth, promoting energy-saving and emissionreduction, and spreading ecological culture. The paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of current construction of ecological civilization of enterprises in China. On the basis of current situation of the construction of ecological civilization of enterprises in Beijing and in line with the industrial standard of CRISP-DM, the paper utilizes decision tree algorithm and researches the key elements which infl uence the enterprises' willingness of the construction of ecological civilization. The research result shows that there are three key elements which infl uence the enterprises' willingness of the construction of ecological civilization: enterprises' average sales of the past three years, the categories of enterprises and enterprises' principals' cognition on the responsibility of the construction of ecological civilization; other two variables have no infl uence on the willingness: the ration of research and construction staff in enterprises and that whether enterprises are high-tech ones. Therefore, it is necessary that governments should take the lead to establish strong conception of ecological civilization among citizens, carry out vigorously the publicity and education of the construction of ecological civilization, enhance the cognition levels of enterprises' principals and reduce the costs of the construction of ecological civilization.

A Dialectic Analysis of the Concept of Ecological Civilization

Ecological civilization has already evolved into a complex conceptual system. The mainstream idea holds that ecological civilization is an element of civilization, or a whole new social form, while other ideas view it as a philosophy of green development, a measure of green orientation, an outcome of the overall development of civilization. This paper, however, maintains that ecological civilization is another domain of civilization parallel with social civilization, and an integral whole made up of four elements of civilization. As a domain of civilization, ecological civilization is constant and systematic in content, limited in connotation, and holds a fundamental value. The five–sphere integrated plan(economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress) will combine the construction of the four elements of civilization and push forward the construction of an ecological civilization.

Geochemical Characteristics and Behaviors of Rare Earth Elements in Process of Vertisol Development

Vertisol developed on argillaceous rocks has its special pedogenic processes and properties, and formed some secondary nodules. In study area, contents of rare earth elements (REE) are significantly different in different sedimentary rocks due to varied contents of clay fraction and clay mineral composition, etc. Under the dry and hot climate, REEs were less differentiated than their parent sedimentary rocks. However, REEs in secondary nodules formed in pedogenic process display their specific behaviors. They are more concentrated in iron concretions, the content of heavy REEs increases relatively, and positive Ce-anomaly appears. But, negative Ce-anomaly was found in calcium concretions, while normal Ce content in parent rocks and vertisol.

Correlation of karst agricultural geo-environment with non-karst agricultural geo-environment with respect to nutritive elements in Guizhou

The karst area accounts for 61.9% of the total area in Guizhou Province, which gives rise to a fragile environment and backward economy. Comparative studies on the element contents of rock and soil and agriculture production in both carbonate area and non-carbonate area have been made to establish factors leading to low output and poor quality of agricultural products in the karst area. The result shows that there is an apparent lack of nutrient elements in carbonate rocks. The trace element contents of carbonate rocks are only 3532.27×10-6, but those of non-carbonate rocks are 10894.21×10-6. The available element contents in culti-vated soil delivered from carbonate rocks are merely 101.4×10-6, but those from non-carbonate rocks are 326.05×10-6. The available element contents and total element contents in cultivated soil delivered from non-carbonate rocks are 3 times higher than those from carbonate rocks. Besides, high-quality agricultural products such as rice, potato and tea are mainly produced in the non-carbonate area. It is indicated that the low output and quality of agricultural products are caused by the above-mentioned low trace element contents and poor agricultural environment. Therefore, a new method of mineral nutrients compensation has been put forward, which is very effective to raise the load-bearing capacity of agricultural environment, agricultural output and quality of agricultural products.

Demonstration of Hainan Regional and Cultural Eco-Elements in Hotel Landscape Design:A Case Study of Landscape Design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel in Sanya City,China

From the perspectives of hotel road profile,orientation of plant color combination,interpretation of Cultural eco-elements,and landscape design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel was taken for example to explore the ways of demonstrating regional cultural characteristics in hotel landscape designs on Hainan Island. Eco-design techniques of tropical landscapes were combined to facilitate the formation of harmonious holiday resort images on the island,and enhance the public acceptance of the characteristic vacation culture of Hainan.

Annual Variations of Biogenic Element Contents of Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) Bottom-Cultivated in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Manila clam （Ruditapes philippinarum） was monthly sampled from its benthic aquaculture area in Jiaozhou Bay from May 2009 to June 2010.The annual variations of major elemental composition,organic content,fatness and element ratio of Manila clam were examined.The element removal effect of clam farming in Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed based on natural mortality and clam harvest.The results indicated that the variation trend of carbon content in shell （Cshell） was similar to that in clam （Cclam）.Such a variation was higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons,which ranged from 9.10±0.13 to 10.38 ± 0.09 mmol g^-1 and from 11.28 ±0.29 to 12.36±0.06 mmol g 1,respectively.Carbon content of flesh （Cflnesh） showed an opposite variation trend to that of shell in most months,varying from 29.42 ± 0.05 to 33.64 ± 0.62 mmol g^-1.Nitrogen content of shell （Nshell） and flesh （Nflesh） changed seasonally,which was relatively low in spring and summer.Nshell and Nflesh varied from 0.07 ±0.009 to 0.14±0.009 mmol g^-1 and from 5.46 ± 0.12 to 7.39 ± 0.43 mmol g^-1,respectively.Total nitrogen content of clam ranged from 0.50 ± 0.003 to 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol g^-1 with a falling tend except for a high value in March 2010.Phosphorus content of clam （Nclam） fluctuated largely,while phosphorus content of shell （Pshell） was less varied than that of flesh （Pflesh）.Pshell varied from 0.006±0.001 to 0.016±0.001 mmol g^-1; while Pflesh fluctuated between 0.058±0.017 and 0.293±0.029mmolg^-1.Pclam ranged from 0.015±0.002 to 0.041 ±0.006mmolg^-1.Carbon and nitrogen content were slightly affected by shell length,width or height.Elemental contents were closely related to the reproduction cycle.The removal amounts of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from clam harvest and natural death in Jiaozhou Bay were 2.92× 10^4t,1420t and 145 t,respectively.The nutrient removal may aid to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus,the main causes of eutrophication,and to maintain the ecosystem health of Jiaozhou Bay.

Daily Changes of Spatial Patterns of Meteorological Elements over Pearl River Delta Based on GIS and MM5

The spatial distribution of meteorological elements is important for understanding the regional meteorology and climate changes. However, previous studies rarely focused on the daily changes of the spatial patterns of meteorological elements due to the limitation of remote sensing （RS） techniques and traditional meteorological methods. In this paper, the regional meteorological elements were simulated by the fifth-generation non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model （MM5）, and the spatial patterns of meteorological elements and their diurnal variations were analyzed in landscape level over the Pearl （Zhujiang） River Delta （PRD）, China. The results showed that there were several centers of urban heat islands, cold islands, dry islands, wet islands, high wind over the PRD at noon. The diurnal changes of Moran I of meteorological elements were obvious and they reached the extremum at noon and 2-3 hours after the sunrise. The landscape indices of meteorological elements, such as area-weighted mean Fractal Dimension Index （FRAC_AM）, Landscape Shape lndex （LSI）, Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI） and Contagion lndex （CONTAG）, were more variable at about the sunrise, noon and sunset. The occurrence of wave crests and vales of landscape indices was affected by the surface net radiation, turbulence and local circumfluence. The spatial patterns of meteorological elements correlated well with the land surface, thermal exchanges and local circumfluence. A new approach combining GIS, RS and numerical simulations technologies and the landscape ecology method was presented to analyze spatial patterns of meteorological elements, which may be useful for studying global and regional climate changes.

“数据要素×”赋能制造业:理论逻辑与实现路径

数据要素在工业制造领域具有很大的应用空间,《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》将工业制造作为发挥数据要素乘数效应的重点领域。从理论上看,数据要素在制造业领域的乘数效应发挥,其理论基础是数据化理论、工业互联网理论、数据生态理论、数据驱动决策理论、商业模式创新理论。数据要素赋能制造业,可以从制造业的研发、生产制造与服务能力等流程全面应用数据要素实现,也可以从数据要素为制造业提供模拟、仿真、优化、控制、预测等维度来实现。在政策上,要强化数据文化,推动数据互通、共享、复用;在制造业数据相关的底层技术方面加大研发投入,开发出适用制造业数据开发的通用工具;推动算力、算法、存储等相关配套设施与数据要素协同,支持数据要素相关的数据经纪人、数商、交易服务机构等协同发展,建立健全良好的数据生态;推动建设国家制造业数据中心,完善国家、地方、行业、团体的分级体系,对公共数据、企业数据、个人数据形成区别化的分级分类制度;强化制造业数据的安全保护标准,引导、推动行业协会等社会组织加强数据安全自律,完善数据安全体系建设。

生态文明概念之辨:“形态说”“要素说”抑或“战略说”

对生态文明进行概念界定,当前主要存在“形态说”与“要素说”之争,前者把生态文明看作一种独立的新型文明形态,后者把生态文明当作任何文明形态中的构成要素。重提这一学术争论,发现“形态说”存在着如何看待现时代工业文明“生态+”的发展态势以及如何理解官方相关表述等疑问,也发现“要素说”存在着泛化生态文明概念、削弱唯物史观基础等倾向。基于此,从战略哲学的角度,结合我国生态文明建设的总体布局提出了一种“战略说”,即认为生态文明就是我国在特定的时代条件下为应对人类生态危机问题而提出的一种旨在逐步推进人与自然和谐共生的政治战略。这对于弥补“形态说”与“要素说”的不足并科学把握习近平生态文明思想具有重要意义。