Construction of Dynamic Evaluation Model for Economic Benefits under Development of Low-Carbon New Energy

Because the static evaluation is unable to reflect the dynamic features of economic benefits and the contribution of sustainable development of low-carbon new energy to economic benefits is huge,this article puts forward the dynamic evaluation model of economic benefits under the development of low-carbon new energy.Total energy,energy consumption structure,industrial structure,GDP,total population and energy supply structure were taken as independent variables,and the carbon intensity was taken as the dependent variable.Through t-test and decision coefficient,total energy,energy consumption structure,GDP and total population were determined as the main factors of influencing low-carbon economy.Based on these four main factors,the dynamic evaluation index system of economic benefits was constructed.Experimental results show that the proposed model can comprehensively reflect the economic benefit level and the contribution of low-carbon new energy.Therefore,this method has high evaluation accuracy,which can provide scientific reference for the economic benefit management of relevant management departments.

Analysis on Waxy Corn/Soybean Intercropping Pattern and Economic Benefit

The research mainly analyzed effects of waxy corn/soybean intercropping on yields of the two crops, as well as agronomic characters, and the economic benefits of the mode. The results showed that although yields of waxy corn and soybean went down by 21.19% and 31.04% per unit area, land equivalent ratio（1.48） kept higher than 1, suggesting the intercropping improves land use rate. Besides, due to the practice of intercropping, many characters of waxy corn grew, but of soybean declined. The economic benefits from high to low were waxy corn/soybean intercropping, monoculture of waxy corn, and monoculture of soybean.

Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production——A case study from Jilin Province, China

Modern agriculture heavily depends on energy consumption, especially fossil energy, but intensive energy input increases the production cost for producers and results in environmental pollution.Organic agricultural production is considered a more sustainable system, but there is lack of scientific research on the energy consumption between organic and conventional systems in China.The analysis and comparison of energy use between the two systems would help decision-makers to establish economic, effective and efficient agricultural production.Thus, the objectives of the present study are to analyze energy inputs, outputs, energy efficiency, and economic benefits between organic and conventional soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merrill） production.A total of 24 organic farmers and 24 conventional farmers in Jilin Province, China, were chosen for investigation in 2010 production year.Total energy input was 71.55 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 96.18 GJ ha–1 in the organic system, resulting in an energy efficiency（output/input） of 1.34.Total energy input was 9.37 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 113.4 GJ ha–1 in the conventional system, resulting in the energy efficiency of 12.1.The huge discrepancy in energy inputs and respective efficiencies lies in the several times higher nutrient inputs in the organic compared to the conventional production system.Finally, the production costs ha–1 were 33% higher, and the net income ha–1 25% lower in the organic compared to the conventional soybean production system.It is recommended to improve fertilizer management in organic production to improve its energetic and economic performance.

INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATING PROGRESS OF ENTERPRISE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The method of compiling input-output models of science and technology was studied,and the application of input-output techniques in evaluating the progress of enterprise science and technology was discussed.And the models for determining direct,indirect and full contributions of the progress of enterprise science and technology have been set up which can be used to analyse and evaluate the direct,indirect and full benefits of the progress of enterprise science and technology.

Influences of mechanized tillage and sowing modes on soil physical properties,soybean yield and economic benefits in mollisols region of Northeast China

Appropriate mechanized straw returning and tillage sowing techniques were effective means to optimize soil physical properties and enhance agricultural productivity,as well as important measures for the conservation and restoration of mollisols region in Northeast China.Under the condition of full-scale maize straw returning,four mechanized tillage and sowing modes were set,including plough tillage and sowing(PTS),combined tillage and sowing(CTS),no-tillage and sowing(NTS),and no-tillage and sowing with straw mulching(NTSM).In 2020 and 2021,the study investigated the effects of different mechanized tillage and sowing modes on soil physical properties,soybean yield and economic benefits.The results showed that during the pod-setting and pod-filling period of soybean,the NTS and NTSM treatments exhibited better effects on deep soil insulation and shallow soil moisture retention,the soil physical structure of PTS and CTS treatments were relatively ideal.Compared with PTS and CTS treatments,NTS and NTSM treatments significantly increased soil gravimetric water content(SWC)by 2.35%to 7.98%in the 5-15 cm soil layer and increased soil temperature(ST)by 3.94%to 10.42%in the 25-35 cm soil layer(p<0.05),significantly increased soil bulk density(SBD)by 2.98%to 6.72%and significantly reduced soil total porosity(STP)by 3.88%to 6.53%in the 5-25 cm soil layer,and significantly reduced soil gas phase ratio by 8.26%to 6.27%at the 15-25 cm soil layers,which caused soil three-phase ratio(STPR)of PTS and CTS treatment in 15-25 cm soil layer were relatively ideal.The soybean yield of NTSM treatment in 2020 was not significantly different from PTS and CTS treatment(p>0.05),the soybean yield of NTSM treatment in 2021 significantly increased by 7.30%and 5.84%over PTS and CTS treatments,respectively.And the average annual profit per unit area of NTSM treatment increased by 12.84%,12.41%and 8.57%compared with PTS,CTS and NTS treatments,respectively.Therefore,it was recommended to combine NTSM technique with PTS or CTS technique in a maize-soybean rotation system in mollisols region.The research results provided reference for the selection of appropriate mechanized tillage and sowing techniques in Northeast China’s mollisols region and had important guiding significance and practical value for the construction of rational plow layers and the implementation of conservation tillage.

An Integrated Approach to Evaluate Benefits and Costs of Wastewater and Solid Waste Management to Improve the Living Environment: The Citarum River in West Java, Indonesia

Absence of wastewater and solid waste facilities impacts the quality of life of many people in developing countries. Implementation of these facilities will benefit public health, water quality, livelihoods and property value. Additional benefits may result from the potential recovery of valuable resources from wastewater and solid waste, such as compost, energy, phosphorus, plastics and paper. Improving water quality through implementation of wastewater and solid waste interventions requires, among others, an analysis of i) sources of pollution, ii) mitigating measures and resource recovery potentials and their effect on water quality and health, and iii) benefits and costs of interventions. We present an integrated approach to evaluate costs and benefits of domestic and industrial wastewater and solid waste interventions. To support a policy maker in formulating a cost and environmentally effective approach, we quantified the impact of these interventions on 1) water quality improvement, 2) resource recovery potential, and 3) monetized benefits versus costs. The integration of technical, hydrological, agronomical and socio-economic elements to derive these three tangible outputs in a joint approach is a novelty. The approach is demonstrated using the heavily polluted Indonesian Upper Citarum River in the Bandung region. Domestic interventions, applying simple (anaerobic filter) technologies, were economically most attractive with a benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.2, but could not reach target water quality standards. To approach the target water quality, both advanced domestic (nutrient removal systems) and industrial wastewater treatment interventions were required, leading to a BCR of 2. We showed that benefits from selling recovered resources represent here an additional driver for improving water quality and outweigh the additional costs for resource recovery facilities. While included benefits captured some of the major items, these may have been undervalued. Based on these findings, water quality interventions justify their costs and are socially and economically beneficial.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

An Assessment of Potential Economic Gain from Weather Forecast Based Irrigation Scheduling for Marginal Farmers in Karnataka, Southern State in India

This study is aimed to assess the usefulness of weather forecasts for irrigation scheduling in crops to economize water use. The short-term gains for the farmers come from reducing costs of irrigation with the help of advisory for when not to irrigate because rain is predicted (risk-free because the wrong forecast only delays irrigation within tolerance). Here, a quantitative assessment of saving (indirect income) if irrigation is avoided as rain is imminent (as per forecast), using a five-year archived forecast data over Karnataka state at hobli (a cluster of small villages) level is presented. Estimates showed that the economic benefits to the farmers from such advisories were significant. The potential gain in annual income from such forecast-based irrigation scheduling was of the order of 10% - 15%. Our analysis also indicated that the use of advisory by a small percentage of more than 10 million marginal farmers (landholding < 3 acres) in Karnataka could lead to huge cumulative savings of the order of many crores.

不同施氮量对大豆产量及经济效益影响

为了解不同施氮量对大豆产量及经济效益影响,文章设置不同氮肥施用量,对商丘永城市裴桥镇试验地大豆产量及经济效益进行分析。结果表明,施氮肥较不施氮肥增产效果显著,经济效益提高。随着氮肥用量增加,产量和经济效益均呈递减趋势。当氮肥用量为105 kg/hm^(2)时大豆产量和经济效益最高,此时大豆产量可达5131.5 kg/hm^(2),较对照增产64.16%,增收9633.6元/hm^(2)。

覆土种植杏鲍菇营养评价与效益分析

以工厂化种植杏鲍菇为对照,检测覆土种植不同采收期杏鲍菇的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等营养成分和种植前后土壤养分含量,根据覆土种植投入产出计算效益,探讨冬闲田杏鲍菇覆土种植-菌渣还田-粮食/水果/蔬菜轮作种植模式的可行性。结果表明,不同采收期覆土种植杏鲍菇鲜品子实体蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸等含量均高于工厂化种植,采收期对覆土种植杏鲍菇蛋白质含量影响较大,成熟初期含量最高,达4.19 g/100 g,是成熟期的1.3倍、孢子释放期的1.6倍、工厂化种植的1.9倍。覆土种植杏鲍菇必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量均高于工厂化种植,E/T值接近FAO/WHO提出的优质蛋白质氨基酸组成值。菌渣还田后土壤有机质含量提高了116%,杏鲍菇从覆土到采收完毕共34 d,生物转化率可达136%,投入产出比达1:1.8。冬闲田覆土种植杏鲍菇子实体营养丰富,味道鲜美,经济效益好,菌渣还田可提高土壤有机质含量,适合在南方水稻主产区、荔枝等果园的林下冬春季推广应用。

夏玉米—夏大豆间作对下茬冬小麦氮肥运筹及其子粒产量和经济效益的影响

研究夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式的氮素优势对下茬冬小麦氮肥运筹、子粒产量和经济效益的影响特征,可为冬小麦氮肥优化管理制度的建立提供科学依据。利用夏玉米—夏大豆间作与冬小麦周年轮作长期定位试验,采用田间二因素裂区设计,以冬小麦上茬作物种植模式为主处理,设夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式、夏玉米单作模式2种;以冬小麦氮肥施用量为副处理,设常规施肥(氮肥用量225.0 kg/hm^(2))、减氮20%(氮肥用量180.0 kg/hm^(2))、减氮50%(氮肥用量112.5 kg/hm^(2))、减氮100%(不施氮肥)、增氮20%(氮肥用量270.0 kg/hm^(2))、增氮50%(氮肥用量337.5 kg/hm^(2))6个水平。测定冬小麦的穗部农艺性状、子粒产量、子粒品质指标和氮肥利用率等指标,分析上茬种植模式和下茬施氮水平对冬小麦各指标的影响特征;并利用一元二次方程对不同模式的下茬冬小麦子粒产量与氮肥施用量关系进行回归分析,计算得到冬小麦子粒产量最高的最佳施氮量。结果表明:与夏玉米单作模式相比,夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式能有效改善冬小麦穗部性状,分别显著提高冬小麦穗长0.37 cm、结实小穗数1.23个,明显降低不孕小穗数0.28个,为冬小麦增产奠定基础。在夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式下,冬小麦子粒产量、生物量分别显著增加1076.05、2173.75 kg/hm^(2);子粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值分别显著提高0.34%、0.89%、2.34 mL;地上氮素积累量、氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率分别显著提高39.01 kg/hm^(2)、23.52%、6.12 kg/kg,土壤氮依存率显著降低9.24%;纯收入显著提高2905.34元/hm^(2)。夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式下茬冬小麦的最佳施氮量为213.00 kg/hm^(2),较夏玉米单作模式的下茬冬小麦最佳施氮量减少32.04 kg/hm^(2),节氮率为13.08%。与夏玉米单作模式相比,夏玉米—夏大豆间作模式在提高下茬冬小麦子粒产量、品质和纯收入的同时,还实现了氮肥减施和肥料资源的高效利用。在华北平原区,夏玉米—夏大豆间作与冬小麦周年轮作模式是一种节本、降耗、增产、增效的环境友好型粮食生产模式。

基于价值链的饲料企业营销模式分析

市场对动物源性食品的旺盛需求有效提高了饲料企业的经济效益,这对实现饲料企业的可持续发展具有重要的推动作用。但在复杂多变的市场环境下,饲料产品同质化、产能过剩、需求多元化等现实情况都对饲料企业的市场营销提出了挑战。为了更好地帮助饲料企业创造价值,需要从价值链的角度入手,对饲料企业的营销模式进行分析,力求通过提高产品销量来为饲料企业的可持续发展奠定基础。

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期的增量成本与收益模型研究

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期理论,以现有绿色建筑评价标准为基础,分析绿色建筑全寿命周期内增量成本与增量收益,构建经济性评价模型,并对某绿色建筑项目进行评估与分析,打破绿色建筑“高消费”的固有模式,推动绿色建筑市场化、普及化,促进绿色建筑发展,加速低碳经济转型。

“公转铁”政策对地方铁路货运业经济效益影响分析

为探究“公转铁”政策对我国铁路货运业经济效益的影响,以2018年开始推进的“公转铁”政策为准自然实验,基于19个省份40条地方铁路线的2012—2020年地方铁路数据和地方铁路线所在地区的经济发展数据,运用双重差分模型探究“公转铁”政策对地方铁路货运业经济效益的影响。结果表明,“公转铁”政策短期内对地方铁路的货物周转量促进作用显著,对地方铁路货运业的经济效益有正向影响但不显著。“公转铁”政策带来的货物周转量增长会促进地方铁路运输企业的运输收入增加,但是为适应铁路货物周转量增加而进行的铁路基础设施改造、扩建及铁路运价调整会显著影响运输成本增加,导致短期内“公转铁”政策对地方铁路货运业的经济效益影响不显著。

政策关注、测量与经济效益——基于区域协同发展政策文本的LDA建模

推动区域协同发展是贯彻落实国家区域协调发展战略、实现经济高质量发展的重要举措。本文以自然语言处理技术为基础,利用隐含狄利克雷分布(LDA)模型对政府颁布的区域协同发展政策文本进行建模分析,识别出京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群政策的关注焦点,评估了区域协同发展政策的经济效益。研究发现,京津冀城市群重点关注生态环境治理的政策协同,长三角、珠三角城市群则聚焦在经济发展和行政治理的政策协同,但二者在具体方面仍有差异;经济发展和行政治理协同对区域经济发展具有促进作用,而生态环境方面的共同治理在短期内可能会影响区域内经济表现。进一步分析表明,由于地区禀赋和经济基础差异,区域协同发展政策对长三角城市群临近地区产生正溢出效应,而对珠三角城市群临近地区的溢出效应为负。本研究对于推动区域内政府合作、构建国内统一大市场具有重要的政策含义。

玉米大豆间作减量施氮对当季作物农艺性状、经济效益和后茬小麦产量的影响

【目的】旨在明确施氮量对夏播玉米间作大豆的作物产量构成、经济效益及其后茬冬小麦产量的影响。【方法】2022—2023年,在玉米大豆条带复合种植主要推广区域山东省禹城市选择代表性农田,夏播季设置玉米单作(施肥量225 kg·hm^(-2))、大豆单作(施氮量45 kg·hm^(-2))、玉米大豆间作全量施氮(施氮量270 kg·hm^(-2),玉米条带和大豆条分别施氮225和45 kg·hm^(-2))、玉米大豆间作减量施氮(施氮量135 kg·hm^(-2),玉米条带和大豆条带分别施氮90和45 kg·hm^(-2))。后茬种植小麦,不设施肥处理。分析不同夏播处理对当季作物光合特性、农艺性状、经济效益以及后茬小麦产量的影响。【结果】种植模式和施氮量不同均会影响间作作物生长发育。相对玉米单作种植,间作减量施氮在拔节期和抽雄期玉米叶片的叶绿素含量以及P_(n)、G_(s)、C_(i)和T_(r)显著降低;而间作全量施氮中玉米叶片P_(n)、G_(s)和T_(r)分别显著提高了8.8%、10%、11.6%。不同间作处理下大豆叶绿素含量均降低,叶片P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)受到抑制,农艺性状方面茎长增加、单株荚数降低,导致产量降低65.1%—68.4%。间作全量施氮的玉米农艺性状和产量与单作玉米没有显著差异,且该模式下经济效益最高,达到22607元/hm^(2),而减量施氮下玉米的穗长、穗粒数、百粒重等农艺性状显著降低,产量下降14.8%。但总体来说玉米大豆间作两种施氮量处理的土地当量比均大于1,经济效益、作物吸氮量分别较玉米单作提高4.8%—11.5%和19.7%—38%。后茬冬小麦在不施肥情况下,夏播季间作全量施氮的后茬冬小麦籽粒产量、吸氮量均高于其他处理,间作减量施氮与夏播玉米单作的后茬冬小麦产量无显著差异。【结论】从农艺性状、产量、经济效益以及对后茬作物影响的综合分析,间作全量施氮效果优于间作减量施氮,但统筹考虑产量、经济效益和环境效益,间作种植施氮量还可在全量施氮的基础上进一步优化。

优化肥药模式对贵州喀斯特山区直播冬油菜产量及经济效益的影响

为优化贵州喀斯特山区直播冬油菜肥药模式,于2018—2019年和2019—2020年在贵州省11个冬油菜主产县(市、区)连续2 a开展田间试验,研究不同肥药模式(T1:传统肥药模式、T2:优化肥药模式、T3:优化肥药模式下不施用化肥和T4:优化肥药模式下不喷施农药)对直播冬油菜产量及经济效益的影响,探讨适合贵州喀斯特山区直播冬油菜生产的高产高效肥药技术。结果显示,与T1相比,T2总养分投入量减少19.9%,农药投入量减少69.5%。T2模式(直播冬油菜)株高、茎粗、一次有效分枝数、角果长度、角果密度、单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重均低于T1处理,2018—2019年T2处理的株高、茎粗、一次有效分枝数、角果长度和角果密度分别比T1处理低9.8%、26.4%、10.9%、10.2%和24.2%,2019—2020年分别低9.5%、28.3%、12.8%、10.9%、23.9%;但T2处理有群体优势,2 a收获密度较T1处理分别显著增加199.0%、194.2%。2 a T2冬油菜产量分别为2224.4和2103.3 kg/hm^(2),较T1分别增加10.1%和3.7%。T2化肥利用效率和农药防治效率2 a分别为2.20、2.14和141.82、106.23 kg/kg,显著高于T1。T2冬油菜2 a产值和净收益分别为11121.8、10516.4和5286.8、4681.4元/hm^(2),较T1分别增加1020.0、371.6和2625.0、1976.6元/hm^(2),实现节本增收。结果表明,当前优化肥药模式(T2)能够满足贵州喀斯特山区直播冬油菜生长,能有效提高冬油菜产量、肥料和农药利用效率及经济效益,此优化肥药模式可作为贵州喀斯特山区直播冬油菜生产的主推模式进行推广应用。

基于投入产出模型的内蒙古水资源利用效益评价与分析

贯彻黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展战略、落实“四水四定”发展理念、合理进行区域水资源配置是当前我国水资源管理的重中之重。利用投入产出模型分别分析并对比了内蒙古2012、2017年各部门的用水效率、用水效益、部门关联性及部门间虚拟水的转移量的实际状况。结果表明,各部门完全用水系数总体呈下降趋势;农业部门产出乘数最高为自治区基础产业;建筑业等工业部门的影响力系数不断增大,对其他部门经济拉动力不断增强,可见主导产业仍为工业;内蒙古虚拟水流向主要为农业到制造业和建筑业,制造业到其他行业,农业部门是最大的虚拟水净输出部门及虚拟水流出源头。研究成果可以分析“十三五”以来内蒙古节水型社会建设成效以及为“十四五”以后水资源配置利用规划提供参考依据。

稻田小龙虾生态养殖模式的效益比较

[目的]比较稻田生态养殖小龙虾与传统养殖小龙虾模式的效益,探索稻田养虾的科学模式。[方法]2020—2022年,项目组分别在湖北潜江、洪湖、监利和公安4个市(县)选择新型农业经营主体作为具体实施单位,组织开展了稻田生态养殖小龙虾与传统人工养殖小龙虾的对比试验,比较不同养殖模式下的经济效益和生态效益。[结果]稻田生态养殖小龙虾比传统人工养殖小龙虾净收益高出27060.00元/hm^(2);化学需氧量低7.82 mg/L,水体铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量低2.74 mg/L,水体总磷(TP)含量低0.17 mg/L,水体总氮(TN)含量低7.26mg/L。[结论]稻田生态养殖小龙虾模式相比传统模式,节省了用工、用药、用肥成本,具有显著稳定的经济效益和生态效益。

区域资源优化在炼化企业集群中的应用研究

随着油价回调以及成品油需求逐步向好,企业炼油板块利润水平大幅提升;下游终端需求复苏缓慢,化工板块盈利持续承压。严峻的市场环境下,炼化协同优化、产销协同优化成为企业应对市场波动的重要手段。同时,随着新建产能的集中投放,行业竞争加剧,以区域为单位,整合区内资源,打造炼化企业集群,有利于现有产能保有市场竞争力。此外,区域资源优化能够将互供物料“优化真空区”变为创效增长点。文章介绍了区域资源优化的重要性和必要性,以及区域资源优化模型的建模思路。基于AspenPIMS软件,以某炼化企业集群为例,构建区域资源优化模型,并根据实际生产经营数据,开展优化方案测算及结果分析,证明区域资源优化方法的有效性,分析重点互供物料的创效空间,为炼化企业集群生产经营优化提供思路和方法。