ECONOMIC EXCHANGES AND SECTORAL AND INTER CITY COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA

Northeast Asia with China, Japan and South Korea as the main components has drawn more and more attention worldwide. Many scholars have researched on the prospect of some alternatives of regional economic integration in Northeast Asia and/or Yellow Sea Rim as its core area. In this paper the authors start with an introduction of the major arguments embracing Yellow Sea Rim regionalism, and attempt to identify the dynamics challenging the proposed approaches of sub regionalism of Northeast Asia. The paper firstly gives a brief review on the update development of bilateral economic exchanges, mainly Sino Japanese and Sino South Korean trades and direct investments with related contemporary issues. When the changing pattern of economic interactions is analyzed, special concerns are given to the possibility to realize the supposed potential of regional economic cooperation mainly based on economic complementarity among the related regions of China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. The authors then made their major efforts on putting forward possible approaches of multilateral cooperation of three countries in the near future, that is, deepened cooperation in selected sectors of industry and transportation and coordinated development among major cities. The authors stress that the development of sub regional sectoral cooperation and the formation of interactive network of city regions via social and economic interactions at local level are significant to the future regional integrated development in Northeast Asia.

Expanding Opening, Enhancing Economic Exchange and Cooperation

Tibet Autonomous Region lies at China’s Southwestern Plateau of Tibet and Qinghai, with broad areas, beautiful mountains and rivers, and rich resources.This old and flourishing land is an inalienable part of China’s sovereign territory, and the front-line and bridge to Southeast Asia, playing a strategic role in the political, economic and military fields.

Social Enterprises’Institutional Rationale and Its Inspirations for the Modern Market Economy

This study analyzes the ways in which social enterprises contribute to society’s goals.In the new era of human development,many social problems cannot be resolved without the participation of social enterprises(SEs).The study on these enterprises is of great significance for theoretical research and practical observation.In a modern market economy,SEs have pro-social market vitality and compatibility with the market economy;their action gives a glimpse into the truth of human development.As can be seen from the socio-economic reality,numerous entrepreneurs nurture a desire to run SEs at a certain stage of their career development.The tendency of some entrepreneurs to run SEs is of great significance for this study.Social enterprises are hybrid enterprises as opposed to for-profit enterprises and SEs must address complex problems through organizational and institutional innovations.State owned enterprises(SOEs)and SEs share many topics of research and have much to learn from each other,and a key question for SOE reform is what makes SOEs efficient quasi-social enterprises.Both SOEs and SEs assume a social mandate,and their fulfillment of social responsibilities is underpinned by their economic efficiency(market competitiveness).The theoretical rationale and institutional mechanism of SEs-not least their innovation practice and formation of rules-stem from the relationship and coordination between economic and social exchanges under market-based conditions.Social enterprises focus on altruistic social exchange but need to be supported by a certain economic exchange to finance their operations.The biggest social problem for China is its failure to balance economic and social exchanges,as well as the method of reward.Research on SEs should promote the understanding of these questions and the quest for their solutions.Social enterprises may inspire more enterprises to pursue pro-social innovation and development.

Psychological Contract within Labor Relation and Its Management Strategy

The paper argues that labor contracts between employees and organization includes two facets, i.e. economic contracts and psychological contracts, and along with enterprise competition becoming fierce increasingly and labor force becoming diversified all the more, the psychological contracts have crucial effects on employees＇ attitudes, behaviors and performances. We also argue that, under the challenging organization context, if managers want to make strategic partnership with employees, they must link employees with hearts, pay attention to the management of psychological contracts before, during and after signing labor contracts, and keep dynamic equilibrium of psychological contracts.

Institutional Condition,Subject Consciousness and Cultural Symbiosis:Qingshui River Basin Experience on Interactions and Exchanges among Different Ethnic Groups

Based on cases in specific regions,historical anthropology is one kind of vital academic orientation to explore interactions and exchanges among different ethnic groups of different historical periods,so as to gain new knowledge and understanding on the structure of Chinese history and culture as a whole.Focusing on Qingshui River Basin in southeast Guizhou Province,this paper:1)briefly summarizes the geospatial pattern and new social environment formed by institutional designs and governance practice since the beginning of Qing Dynasty,including the administrative design"prefecture,subprefecture,hall,and county"(fu,zhou,ting,and xian),the military institution tunwei",and the ethnic regional leader“tusi";2)depicts the common economic activity of Qingshui River Basin with the plantation,lumbering and transportation of China fir at its core,which takes shape alongside the development of this region,as well as the sharing of knowledge and interests,and the subject consciousness of that period;and 3)further discusses the identity expression with the nation of subjects from different ethnic groups,which is based on their identification with mainstream cultural value,alongside the creation of local culture,including regional tradition reform and the popularizing of common written language.The actual situation and occurrence mechanism of interactions and exchanges among different ethnic groups in Qingshui River Basin since Qing dynasty is the basic pathway to understand the formation process,ethnic integration,and cultural symbiosis of a regional society;and as a shared and common pattern of the harmonious development of economy and social culture in southwest China,it also provides valuable experience for exploring the forming of the"diversity in unity"feature of the Chinese nation as well as the fostering of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

The Economic and Trade Factors in China’s National Image in the Arab Countries

In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not more important,element.The recent years have witnessed a continuous growth of trade between China and Arab countries—a newly established crucial trading partner and platform for practicing the“going-out”strategy.Thanks to both sides complimenting each other,a positive win-win situation has been achieved.However,as more and more Chinese merchandises and enterprises have entered the Arab world,certain problems have emerged,such as poor quality of merchandises,illegal operation of enterprises,and difficulties of certain Chinese employees integrating into local life.These economic and trade elements have become key factors in shaping China’s image in the Arab countries,and hence should not be left unattended.