Global Supply Chain Governance and the Future of Globalization

Over the past 30 years or so,globalization has been underpinned by ever-evolving supply chains.The heightened attention to supply chain issues in recent years has been due to a series of global events in the world that have had a significant and profound impact.Factors such as the COVID pandemic,the Ukraine Crisis and increased geopolitical tensions have led to supply chain crises globally or regionally.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Production Chain Length and PPI-CPI Divergence:Analysis Based on the Global Input-output Price Model

Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.

Improving Supply Chain Strategies towards Mitigating the Effect of Crude Oil Theft and Pipeline Vandalism in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

Generically, SCM may be said to include all activities carried out to ensure proper functioning of the supply chain. The activities included in proper management of a supply chain broadly include logistics activities, planning and control of the flow of information and materials in a firm, management of relationships with other organizations and government intervention, However, crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism are established products supply chain disruptors in Nigeria which are rendering the task of running an efficient petroleum supply chain onerous. This paper aims to establish the importance of effective supply chain strategies for companies in the oil and gas industry with special focus on the Nigerian oil and gas sector and the strategies by which the state oil and gas corporation in this sector may mitigate disruptions to its supply chain. This study investigates the enhancement of supply chain strategies towards meeting the challenge of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism, using the Nigerian National Corporation (NNPC) as a case study. Based on this study, data were collected from two sources: A summary of incident reports obtained from NNPC and an interview with personnel in the PPMC Department. Incident report refers to a report produced when accidents such as equipment failure, injury, loss of life, or fire occur at the work site. Content analysis is utilized to evaluate data obtained from interview responses, CBN financial stability reports, NDIC annual reports, circulars, banking supervision reports and implementation guidelines. The study found out that NNPC should endeavor to sustain its value chain and ward of pipeline vandals and crude oil thieves by engaging in community partnership, detailing security outfits to ensure its pipelines’ right of way and bridging. Concluded that the oil supply chain of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation has been plagued by disruptions in the form of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism which has had debilitating effects on its value.

Application of Deep Learning to Production Forecasting in Intelligent Agricultural Product Supply Chain

Production prediction is an important factor influencing the realization of an intelligent agricultural supply chain.In an Internet of Things(IoT)environment,accurate yield prediction is one of the prerequisites for achieving an efficient response in an intelligent agricultural supply chain.As an example,this study applied a conventional prediction method and deep learning prediction model to predict the yield of a characteristic regional fruit(the Shatian pomelo)in a comparative study.The root means square error(RMSE)values of regression analysis,exponential smoothing,grey prediction,grey neural network,support vector regression(SVR),and long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network methods were 53.715,6.707,18.440,1.580,and 1.436,respectively.Among these,the mean square error(MSE)values of the grey neural network,SVR,and LSTM neural network methods were 2.4979,31.652,and 2.0618,respectively;and theirRvalues were 0.99905,0.94,and 0.94501,respectively.The results demonstrated that the RMSE of the deep learning model is generally lower than that of a traditional prediction model,and the prediction results are more accurate.The prediction performance of the grey neural network was shown to be superior to that of SVR,and LSTM neural network,based on the comparison of parameters.

Greening the Supply Chain: Drivers and Outcomes in the Korean Manufacturing Industry

This research investigates the determinants of green supply chain management(GSCM)adoption and its impact on organizational performance,while considering the potential moderating factors influencing GSCM adoption.Despite the growing prevalence of GSCM practices among Korean firms,the factors driving their adoption have not received sufficient attention.To bridge this gap,the study uses structural equation modeling,integrating stakeholder theory and resource-based theory to explore how green entrepreneurial orientation(GEO),institutional pressure,and relational capital affect GSCM adoption.Additionally,the study explores the effects of GSCM implementation on competi­tiveness and economic performance.Drawing data from a sample of 213 Korean manufacturing firms,the PLS-SEM analysis highlights the significant influence of GEO,institutional pressure,and relational capital on GSCM adoption.Additionally,the study emphasizes the positive impact of GSCM implementation on firm competitiveness.These find­ings provide valuable insights for enhancing sustainability in supply chain management and are applicable to similar context countries such as Taiwan,China,Japan,and the Netherlands.

Optimal production lot sizing model in a supply chain with periodically fixed demand considering learning effect

This paper presents an optimal production model for manufacturer in a supply chain with a fixed demand at a fixed interval with respect to the learning effect on production capacity. An algorithm is employed to find the optimal delay time for production and production time sequentially. It is found that the optimal delay time for production and the production time are not static, but dynamic and variant with time. It is important for a manufacturer to schedule the production so as to prevent facilities and workers from idling.

Analysis on construction of the Supply Chain and Brand of Guangxi Characteristic Economic Agricultural Products——A Case Study of Guilin,China

Firstly,it is briefly introduced that Guangxi characteristic economic agricultural products are currently characterized by typical regional features and strong competitiveness.Then,Guilin is taken as an example,the problems existing in constructing the supply chain and brand of Guilin characteristic economic agricultural products are pointed out after the analysis of its current situations,the problems include weak agricultural production infrastructure,weak deep products processing capacity,low modernization level of storage and transportation as well as short of fixed marketing channels;meanwhile,brand construction faces the problems of little top brands and few differentiated products.Finally,some measures are proposed to solve these problems from the perspectives of establishing the management idea of agricultural products supply chain and enhancing the awareness to protect agricultural products brand,it is also suggested that these measures be extended to the whole Guangxi autonomous region in order to explore the way of the development of Guangxi characteristic agriculture.

Construction and Implementation of Logistics Tracking Management System of Tropical Agricultural Products Based on Supply Chain

[Objective] The paper is to construct the logistics tracking management system of tropical agricultural products based on supply chain.[Method] With tropical agricultural products in Hainan as study object,based on logistics supply chain files and electronic tag coding of agricultural products,cold chain temperature and humidity monitoring,vehicle transportation positioning,data exchange of XML Web services and role-based permission dynamic allocation,the multi-level multi-permission and multi-role logistics tracking management system of tropical agricultural products has been established.[Result] The system constructs information exchange platform for various links of logistics supply chain of tropical agricultural products,which realizes the entire quality monitoring and information tracing of agricultural products,thus enhancing the competitiveness of supply chain in company.[Conclusion] The system has good application and extension prospect.

Decision model for closed loop supply chain with uncertain demand and price-dependent returns

A single product closed-loop supply chain that satisfies an uncertain market demand with original and remanufactured products is considered.The yield of the recovery process is random and depends on the acquisition price offered for the end-of-life products.In such a stochastic setting,a firm needs to make production and procurement decisions so that the total expected profit is maximized.Both centralized and decentralized models are established depending on the party collecting the returns.The optimal acquisition price and production quantities of original and remanufactured products are determined for the firm.The contracts to coordinate the decentralized systems are chosen and the optimal contract parameters are determined.A computational experiment is given to show the effects of recovery parameters on the system performance.Results show that the recovery parameters have a high impact on the profitability of the manufacturer in the centralized model and on that of the collection agency in the decentralized model.

The Operation Mechanism of Agricultural Products Supply Chain and Profit Allocation Model in the Context of Asymmetric Information

The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.

Production and Innovation in Supply Platforms:Insights from the Innovation Systems and Value Chain Approaches

This paper introduces the term ＇supply platform＇ as a tentative and open-ended concept that captures characteristics of central importance for the study of export-oriented producers. As regional concentrations of export-oriented suppliers in China and India are maturing, many firms are now striving to build up innovation capabilities. How do we study the transition from production capabilities to innovation capabilities in supply platforms？ This paper reviews the insights from the innovation systems and global value chain literatures and discusses how we may build on these approaches for empirical studies of transition. It is found that these literatures provide important hypotheses for empirical research but more conceptual work is needed in order to address adequately the question of interest.

DISRUPTION MANAGEMENT FOR SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION WITH EXPONENTIAL DEMAND FUNCTION

The coordination problem of a supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer under market demand disruption is studied in this article. A novel exponential demand function is adopted, and the penalty cost is introduced explicitly to capture the deviation production cost caused by the market demand disruption. The optimal strategies are obtained for different disruption scale under the centralized mode. For the decentralized mode, it is proved that the supply chain can be fully coordinated by adjusting the price discount policy appropriately when disruption occurs. Furthermore, the authors point out that similar results can be established for more general demand functions that represent different market circumstances if certain assumptions are satisfied.

Altruism and Pricing Strategy in Dual-Channel Supply Chains

With the development of behavioral operational management, human behavior such as altruism, fairness and trust has received considerable attention. This paper studies the effect of altruism on retailer’s and manufacturer’s pricing strategy in two classic dual-channel supply chains by presenting Stackelberg game models. The analysis shows that the player’s altruism preference strongly affects their pricing strategies. The more altruistic one player is, the more profits the other player obtains. Moreover, the effect of manufacturer’s altruistic preference is larger than that of retailer’s. In addition, online price is always lower than offline price in dual-channel supply chain, which still holds true considering altruism. The results also reveal that the product web-fit has significant effect on the player’s optimal pricing strategies. The more compatible with online market the product is, the lower the retail price is set, and the more profit the manufacturer obtains whereas the less the retailer gets.

Analysis of Supply Chain Model of Agricultural Products and Quality Safety——A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province

This paper analyses the supply chain models of four types of agricultural products,namely fruits and vegetables,poultry,aquatic products and dairy,and the food safety problems arising from the links of supply chain.In view of different models,corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province.

Collaborative production planning between supply chain partners by Lagrangian relaxation

A collaborative planning framework based on the Lagrangian Relaxation was developed to coordinate and optimize the production planning of independent partners in multiple tier supply chains. Linking constraints and dependent demand constraints were added to the monolithic Multi-Level, multi-item Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (MLCLSP). MLCLSP was Lagrangian relaxed and decomposed into facility-separable subproblems. Surrogate gradient algorithm was used to update Lagrangian multipliers, which coordinate decentralized decisions of the facilities. Production planning of independent partners could be appropriately coordinated and optimized by this framework without intruding their decisionities and private information. Experimental results show that the proposed coordination mechanism and procedure come close to optimal results as obtained by central coordination.

The Usage of Social Media and E-Reputation System in Global Supply Chain: Comparative Cases from Diamond &Automotive Industries

The last decade witnesses a heave use of social media-based information systems in different fields of business such as logistics, procurement, and supply chain management. Managing these types of information systems, could help companies to outsource their supply chain functions in a global scale and enhance their competitive advantages. However, the digital performance of these activities inherent risks of inappropriate supplier selection, lack of trust, bounded rationality and uncertainty about the supply conditions (e.g., pricing, shipping and timing). To address such challenges, this research explains how companies use e-reputation systems and social media to select their global trusted suppliers. Based on two-case evidence from British Diamond and Egyptian Automotive companies, the researchers conducted 20 interviews with purchasing and supply chain professionals. Chen & Lin’s reputation system model has been adopted to explain the process of selecting and evaluating a trusted supplier and to inform our data analysis. Our findings referred to the lack of experience among diamond professionals on how to use e-reputation systems and their lack of understanding to the role of social media-based ratings or referrals during the stages of selection suppliers’ discovery and approval. Though, automotive professionals find e-reputation system a strong tool to build goodwill, tacit credibility, competence and predictable trust. Ironically, both cases confirm that supply chain professional use these systems to re-evaluate and reselect their existing suppliers than to extend new supply networks.

Construction of Regional Grain Industry Chain and Supply Chain in Yunnan Province

As a southwestern border province of China,Yunnan is featured by the geographical advantage of proximity to the Indo-China Peninsula which is known as World Rice Warehouse,and its capital and technology are ahead of the neighboring countries of China.Therefore,to enhance its support capability in consolidating and improving the national food security strategy,Yunnan should further develop its comparative advantages by building the regional food industry chain and supply chain depending on the province's grain system of production,processing,storage and transportation,as well as its agricultural economic and trade cooperation platforms and channels with the neighboring countries of China.In this study,comparative analysis and related methods were used to systematically analyze the scale of grain production in Yunnan,the proportion of its grain production to the national total amount,the transition of its grain variety structure and the characteristics of its food security system,as well as the grain export trade of the 6 countries in the Indo-China Peninsula from 2010 to 2019.Then,the problems in grain production in Yunnan were clarified,such as the decrease of grain ration production capacity,the decline of comparative benefits of grain production and the insufficient support for agricultural"going global"strategy.Finally,a series of countermeasures were put forward,including further implementing the strategy of"reserving grain in land and technology"to increase Yunnan's production capacity of grain,focusing on agricultural products storage and transportation system to improve the ability to obtain grain from abroad,expanding the border processing and logistics industry,optimizing the policy of agricultural products'import and export,and etc.

Medical Products Supply Chain and Its Information System Design

This paper introduces the supply mode of medical products, and analyzes the development trend of medical products supply enterprise in China. From the aspects of basic management, resource integration and database design, we put forward the design concept of the informationization of the supply chain system of medical products in China. The information system can ensure the precision and rationality of the supply of medical products, and provide high-quality services and service efficiency, and meet the different needs of different customers.

Creating Inclusive Global Value Chains under the BRI from the Perspective of Public Goods Supply and Demand

Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.