Excessive or insufficient application of fertilizer has raised broader concerns regarding soil and environmental degradation.One-time application of slow release fertilizer (SF) has been widely used to reduce yield ga...Excessive or insufficient application of fertilizer has raised broader concerns regarding soil and environmental degradation.One-time application of slow release fertilizer (SF) has been widely used to reduce yield gap with potential maize yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).A 2-year field experiment (2018–2019) was conducted to evaluate the effects of SF rates from 0 to 405 kg N ha^(–1) (named F0,SF225,SF270,SF315,SF360,and SF405) and 405 kg N ha^(–1) of common fertilizer(CF405) on the grain yield,biomass and N accumulation,enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism,NUE and economic analysis.Results indicated that the highest grain yields,NUEs and economic returns were achieved at SF360in both varieties.The enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism,pre-and post-silking accumulation of biomass and N increased with increasing SF rate,and they were the highest at SF360 and SF405.The grain yield at SF360had no significant difference with that at SF405.However,the N partial factor productivity,N agronomic efficiency and N recovery efficiency at SF360 were 9.8,6.6 and 8.9% higher than that at SF405.The results also indicated that the average grain yields,NUE and economic benefit at SF405 were 5.2,12.3 and 18.1% higher than that at CF405.In conclusion,decreasing N rate from 405 kg ha^(–1)(CF) to 360 kg ha^(–1)(SF) could effectively reduce the yield gap between realized and potential maize yields.The N decreased by 11.1%,but the yield,NUE and economic benefit increased by 3.2,22.2 and 17.5%,which created a simple,efficient and business-friendly system for spring maize production in Jiangsu Province,China.展开更多
The external costs and the optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer based on the balance of economic and ecological benefits was studied with the paddy field system of Dongting Lake area, one of the main food production reg...The external costs and the optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer based on the balance of economic and ecological benefits was studied with the paddy field system of Dongting Lake area, one of the main food production regions in China. The environmental impact was economically evaluated using methods of the environmental impact economical evaluation. The optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated based on the exterior diseconomy theory and by using the production function model. Both ecological benefits and farmers＇ economic benefits were considered. It was calculated on the data from 2002 that the losses caused by inappropriate utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in the process of food production were fishery, 0.1 × 10^7 RMB yuan; water treatment, 1.02 × 10^8 RMB yuan; tour business, 0.11 ×10^8 RMB yuan, and habitation environment, 0.3 × 10^7 RMB yuan, totally equivalent to 0.41 RMB yuan kg^-1 N. The economically satisfactory and the ecological agronomic nitrogen fertilizer dose for current production was 138 and 137 kg ha^-1, respectively. The research showed that the actual nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the paddy field system of the Dongting Lake area already reached or exceeded the farmers＇ economic satisfaction and the ecological agronomic nitrogen fertilizer dose for current production. An environmental tax is suggested to impose on over-use of nitrogen fertilizer.展开更多
To find proper nitrogen fertilizer application mode of rapeseed( Brassica napus L.),promote the high and stable yield of rapeseed,field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application...To find proper nitrogen fertilizer application mode of rapeseed( Brassica napus L.),promote the high and stable yield of rapeseed,field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application modes on the yield and economic traits of Fengyou 10 rapeseed planted in two different fertility soils,and characteristics and differences of responses of different fertility soils to nitrogen fertilizer application modes were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the yield and related economic traits of rapeseed treated by nitrogen fertilizer were higher than the control group; in the nitrogen fertilizer treatment group,when the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer and wintering fertilizer at the ratio of 7∶ 3,the rapeseed yield was higher than the control group and reached the highest; when the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer,wintering fertilizer,and bud fertilizer at the ratio of 5∶ 3∶ 2,the rapeseed yield was significantly higher than the control group but was the lowest. These indicate that sufficient nitrogen supply is the basis for normal growth and development of rape seedlings. When the pure nitrogen fertilizer was at 192 kg/ha and the ratio of base fertilizer and wintering fertilizer was 7∶ 3,it can better coordinate the high yield of rapeseed and overall use of nitrogen fertilizer,and obtain higher rapeseed yield.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771709)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System of China(JATS[2019]458)the High-end Talent Support Program of Yangzhou University,Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China。
文摘Excessive or insufficient application of fertilizer has raised broader concerns regarding soil and environmental degradation.One-time application of slow release fertilizer (SF) has been widely used to reduce yield gap with potential maize yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).A 2-year field experiment (2018–2019) was conducted to evaluate the effects of SF rates from 0 to 405 kg N ha^(–1) (named F0,SF225,SF270,SF315,SF360,and SF405) and 405 kg N ha^(–1) of common fertilizer(CF405) on the grain yield,biomass and N accumulation,enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism,NUE and economic analysis.Results indicated that the highest grain yields,NUEs and economic returns were achieved at SF360in both varieties.The enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism,pre-and post-silking accumulation of biomass and N increased with increasing SF rate,and they were the highest at SF360 and SF405.The grain yield at SF360had no significant difference with that at SF405.However,the N partial factor productivity,N agronomic efficiency and N recovery efficiency at SF360 were 9.8,6.6 and 8.9% higher than that at SF405.The results also indicated that the average grain yields,NUE and economic benefit at SF405 were 5.2,12.3 and 18.1% higher than that at CF405.In conclusion,decreasing N rate from 405 kg ha^(–1)(CF) to 360 kg ha^(–1)(SF) could effectively reduce the yield gap between realized and potential maize yields.The N decreased by 11.1%,but the yield,NUE and economic benefit increased by 3.2,22.2 and 17.5%,which created a simple,efficient and business-friendly system for spring maize production in Jiangsu Province,China.
文摘The external costs and the optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer based on the balance of economic and ecological benefits was studied with the paddy field system of Dongting Lake area, one of the main food production regions in China. The environmental impact was economically evaluated using methods of the environmental impact economical evaluation. The optimum use of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated based on the exterior diseconomy theory and by using the production function model. Both ecological benefits and farmers＇ economic benefits were considered. It was calculated on the data from 2002 that the losses caused by inappropriate utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in the process of food production were fishery, 0.1 × 10^7 RMB yuan; water treatment, 1.02 × 10^8 RMB yuan; tour business, 0.11 ×10^8 RMB yuan, and habitation environment, 0.3 × 10^7 RMB yuan, totally equivalent to 0.41 RMB yuan kg^-1 N. The economically satisfactory and the ecological agronomic nitrogen fertilizer dose for current production was 138 and 137 kg ha^-1, respectively. The research showed that the actual nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the paddy field system of the Dongting Lake area already reached or exceeded the farmers＇ economic satisfaction and the ecological agronomic nitrogen fertilizer dose for current production. An environmental tax is suggested to impose on over-use of nitrogen fertilizer.
基金Supported by Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-12)Key Special Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province(151100111200)+1 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Henan Province(162102110011)Planning Project for National Key Research and Development(2016YFD0101300)
文摘To find proper nitrogen fertilizer application mode of rapeseed( Brassica napus L.),promote the high and stable yield of rapeseed,field experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application modes on the yield and economic traits of Fengyou 10 rapeseed planted in two different fertility soils,and characteristics and differences of responses of different fertility soils to nitrogen fertilizer application modes were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the yield and related economic traits of rapeseed treated by nitrogen fertilizer were higher than the control group; in the nitrogen fertilizer treatment group,when the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer and wintering fertilizer at the ratio of 7∶ 3,the rapeseed yield was higher than the control group and reached the highest; when the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer,wintering fertilizer,and bud fertilizer at the ratio of 5∶ 3∶ 2,the rapeseed yield was significantly higher than the control group but was the lowest. These indicate that sufficient nitrogen supply is the basis for normal growth and development of rape seedlings. When the pure nitrogen fertilizer was at 192 kg/ha and the ratio of base fertilizer and wintering fertilizer was 7∶ 3,it can better coordinate the high yield of rapeseed and overall use of nitrogen fertilizer,and obtain higher rapeseed yield.
